earth 2005 taiwan’s policy on excessive packaging restriction hsiung-wen chen director, department...

Earth 2005

Taiwan’s Policy on Excessive Packaging Restriction

Hsiung-Wen Chen

Director, Department of Comprehensive PlanningTaiwan Environmental Protection Administration

Prepared for THE 8th INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EASTASIAN RESOURCES R

ECYCLING TECHNOLOGY Beijing, China, November, 9-15, 2005

2EARTH 2005

Beijing, China H.W. Chen, H.C. Chang, and J.E. Chang, Taiwan’s Policy on Excessive Packaging Restriction

Brief Content

Introduction National Waste Reduction

Initiatives Design of Excessive Packaging

Restriction Regulation Key Contents of the Regulation Conclusions

Introduction

4EARTH 2005


MSWs in Taiwan – Historical Review

The MSWs generation in Taiwan was peaked at 8.8 million metric tons in 1998 with growth in GDP and population.

Past waste reduction efforts, mainly waste recycling, have already reduced the household waste to 7.19 million metric tons in 2004.

TEPA has adopted the zero waste policy and introduced several initiatives with an aim to further reduce the household waste generation.

5EARTH 2005


Recycling and Reduction Statistics

MSWs vol.0.770 kg/C-D

MSWs vol.1.143 kg/C-D

MSWs vol.0.829 kg/C-D MSWs vol.

0.752 kg/C-D MSWs vol.0.708 kg/C-D

Recy. Rate3.69%

Recy. Rate14.26%

Reinforce Collection

Crew Capacity

Recycling 4-in-1 Scheme

Evaluation and Improvement of

Recycling

Encourage Source

Reduction

MS

Ws V

olu

me vs. R

ecycling

1988 1997 2002 2003

2004

Mandatory MSWs Source Sep

aration

Recy. Rate18.44%

Recy. Rate11.55%

National Waste Reduction Initiatives

7EARTH 2005


Action Plan for Zero Waste Ensure resources are efficiently recycled and reused,

and to eventually achieve the goal of complete zero waste.

Goals:

Reduction & Recycling Goals

Year

Total Reduction

Goal （％）

Resource Recycling （％）

Food waste

Recycling Rate （％）

Bulky Garbagerecycling（％）

Non-combustible

Garbage （％）

Others（％）

2007 25.0 18.5 4.0 0.3 1.2 1.0

2011 40.0 24 7.5 1.0 3.5 4.0

2020 75.0 38.0 20.0 1.3 6.7 9.0

8EARTH 2005


Initiatives Towards Zero Waste

2003: Plastic Shopping Bags & Disposable Plastic Tableware Restriction 9,495 metric tons of wastes were avoided in 2004.

2004: Mandatory Garbage Sorting Waste reduced by 10% (as of August 2005):

Recyclable waste collected increased by 29% Kitchen waste collected increased by 68%

2006: Excessive Packaging Restriction 26% reduction of gift box packaging wastes expected

Design of Excessive Packaging Restriction

Regulation

10EARTH 2005


Excessive Packaging Packaging, especially gift packaging, becomes

more and more beautiful and complicated with the progress in packaging technologies and increasing GDP.

However, more and more people complains about excessive packaging: Too many layers of packaging. Too bulky volume of packaging. Too high packaging costs. Too many packaging materials.

11EARTH 2005


Public Polls

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2000

2003

Excessive Packaging is

severe

Unwilling to Pay More for

Excessive Packaging

Product

Support to Draft Regulation

60.9％

77.5％

92.7％ 82.4

％

91.4％

68.9％

The public supports regulating excessive packaging

12EARTH 2005


Case Reviews

1.Essential Requirements2.Performance Criteria

Self declaration

UK and France

1.Audited by gov. agency.2.Manufacturer provides self- declaration for review.3.Fine to whom disable to provide self-declaration.

1.Packaging Space Ratio2.Number of Packaging Layer3.PVC and EPS is prohibited

Regulated by Gov.

1.Audited by gov. agency.2.Request packaging test.3.Request improvement in time or fine to violator.

Korea only

Rep. of KoreaResource Saving and Recycling

Promotion Regulation

EUEU Directive (94/62/EC)

Command and Control Voluntary

Country

Regulation

Content

Implemt.

13EARTH 2005


Korean Approaches Standards (for gift box):

Packaging Space Ratio: 25% or less Packaging Layers: 2 or less Material Restriction: PVC and EPS(expanded

polystyrene foam) are prohibited from certain applications.

Implementation: Packaging test required when requested by auditing

officers. When failing packaging standards, improvements

shall be made. Fines shall be imposed for failing to make

improvements or rejecting packaging test.

14EARTH 2005


Selection of Targets Most Excessively Packaged Products

Public Polls

AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) Analysis (2002)

Year

Items

2000 2003

Pastries 32.8% 52.2%

Processed Foods 15.5% 20.3%

Cosmetics 11.4% 9.6%

Software Optical Disk 14.7%

Pastries Cosmetics Software optical disk

Processed foods Alcoholic beverages

15EARTH 2005


Transforming Korean Standards to National Standard Adopt command-and-control approaches. Analyze national product packaging in accordan

ce with Korean standards. Simplify Korean calculations by introducing coeff

icient of necessary space. Obtain localized coefficients of necessary space

by corelating outcomes of Korean and simplified Taiwanese calculations.

Finalize regulation through extensive public outreach and participation, including 25 public meetings and WTO announcement.

16EARTH 2005


Volume Standard Development Simply Korea’s “Space Volume Ratio” to

“Packaging Volume Ratio(PVR)” PVR = Volume of Packaging ÷ Allowable

Volume of Packaging (AVP) AVP = Σ Volume of products X Coefficient of

Necessary Space (CNS) Selection of CNS

Pastries: through market survey, near 60% of gift boxes need re-design

Other products: Taiwan’s standards approximate Korea’s

To facilitate recycling, packaging made of a single material are granted larger CNS

17EARTH 2005


CNS Selection - Pastry

20%

76%

54%

41%36%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

4 5 6 7 8

Coefficient of Necessary Space

Per

cen

tage

of

Pro

du

cts

pas

sin

g P

VR

sta

nd

ard

18EARTH 2005


Layer Standard Development Criteria:

Adopt Korea’s standard Packaging Requirement Test Making sure the standards are sufficient to meet packaging

requirements through extensive discussion with industries and packaging experts.

Pastry: 3 layers are sufficient for meeting packaging

requirements. 96% surveyed are packaged with 3 layers or less.

Other products Disk: 3 layers Other gift boxes: 2 layers

Key Contents of the Regulation

20EARTH 2005


Scope

Designated Industry

Manufacturers

Importer

Seller

Designated Product

Pastries Gift Box

Alcoholic product Gift Box

Processed food Gift Box

Disk of computer program work

Cosmetics Gift Box

Exemptions: Product destined for export Packaging specifically for

insulation or transportation Packaging deliberately

requested by consumers

21EARTH 2005


Packaging Standards

Gift Box

Packaging Volume Ratio Under 1.0

Number of Packaging layer

pastries : 3 or less.cosmetics, alcoholic product, processed foods: 2 or less.

Disk of Computer Program Works

Packaging Volume Ratio Under 1.0

Number of Packaging layer 3 or less.

22EARTH 2005


Calculation of Packaging Volume Ratio Equation for Packaging Volume Ratio

All Packaging Volume Ratios shall be under 1.0.

Packaging Volume Ratio＝ Volume of Packaging／ Allowable Volume of Packaging

Volume of Packaging

The volume of the minimum cuboid that circumscribes the product

Allowable Volume of Packaging

ΣVolume of unit product × Coefficient of necessary space

Coefficient of necessary space

Non-Single Material

pastry： 6.0

other： 2.7

Single Materialpastry： 6.9

other： 3.1

Volume of unit product

The volume of the minimum cuboid that circumscribes the unit product

23EARTH 2005


Identification of Packaging Layer

Gift Box

PastryAny packaging fully wrapping a pastry is considered one layer.

Other

Any packaging fully wrapping a unit product is considered one layer.

The packaging layers of unit products themselves are not counted in the packaging layers of the gift box.

Disk of Computer Program Works

Any packaging fully wrapping a disk of computer program works is considered one layer.

24EARTH 2005


Case Study – Pastries Gift Box

v Several pastries packaged in a box containing pastries-separating packaging.v One product or several products packaged in a box used for New Years, festivals, celebrations,

and presents, such as moon cakes, wedding cakes, and gift boxes.

Definition

Appearance

ContentSample of Designated Product Method of Measurement

25EARTH 2005


Identification of Single Material

Overview of Sample

Identification of Packaging Layers

1

v Any packaging fully wrapping a pastry is considered one layer.ü There are three layers in this case, including

plastic bag, steel box and paper box.

v Except for the airtight plastic bag, the packaging contains a plastic tray, a steel box and a paper box.

v Therefore, the packaging is not made of a single material, and a coefficient of necessary space of 6.0 applies.

Case Study – Packaging Layer

26EARTH 2005


Case Study – Packaging Volume Ratio

Unit： mm

Step One : Calculate Volume of Packaging (VP)

Length (L) Width (W) Height (H) VP=L*W*H

347 88 256 7,817,216

Step Three : Calculate Packaging Volume Ratio (PVR)

Packaging Volume Ratio = VP / AVP 0.68 (OK)

Step Two : Calculate Allowable Volume of Packaging (AVP)

1 coffee cookies 40 12 12 111 15,984 3,836,160

2 chocolate cookies 40 12 12 111 15,984 3,836,160

3 milk cookies 40 12 12 111 3,836,16015,984

11,508,480

item NameQty(Q)

Length(l)

Width(w)

Height(h)

Volume of A Unit Product

=l*w*h

Subtotal=Q*I*w*h*c

4 NA --- --- --- --- --- ---Calculate Allowable Volume of Packaging (AVP)

6.0

6.06.0

Coefficient of necessary

space (c)

---

27EARTH 2005


Testing and Labeling

Designated industries may send samples to testing organizations commissioned by the competent authority for compliance verification. The competent authority may still inspect the verified products.

Designated industries may mark verified packaging volume ratio, number of packaging layers and materials of packaging on designated products.

28EARTH 2005


Violation and Penalty

Violation Condition Penalty

Manufacturers or importers of designated products violating packaging standards

Violators are fined NT$30,000 to NT$150,000.

Violators that fail to make improvement within the prescribed time may be subject to consecutive daily fines.

Serious violators may be ordered to stop work for one month to one year, or stop operations.

When necessary, violators may be ordered to terminate business.

Designated industries refused to provide designated product for inspection or information.

29EARTH 2005


Phase-In ImplementationFirst Phase: from July 1, 2006

Disk of computer program worksPastry gift boxCosmetic gift boxAlcoholic product gift box

Second Phase: from July 1, 2007Processed food gift box

30EARTH 2005


Example 1

Old design：PVR： 0.82Layer： 3

New design：

PVR： 0.47Layer： 2

31EARTH 2005


Example 2

New design：PVR： 0.59Layer： 2

Old design：PVR： 1.22Layer： 2

32EARTH 2005


Expected Outcomes Encourage new packaging design

Use resources efficiently Can be recycled easily

Reduce the volume of packaging used and disposed of: Annual packaging used for designated products is

26,600 metric tons. Fully implemented, the regulation will reduce the

volume by 6,900 metric tons, or 26%, each year.

Conclusions

34EARTH 2005


Conclusions To pursue sustainable development, Taiwan has

adopted several new initiatives to reduce the generation of household waste,.

The plastic bag and disposable tableware restriction policy enforced since 2002 has been quite effective in waste reduction.

The newly implemented mandatory waste separation and recycling scheme, as well as the regulation on excessive packaging restriction will further prevent waste at the source.

Thank You for Your Attention

earth 2005 taiwan’s policy on excessive packaging restriction hsiung-wen chen director, department...

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