EAROPH 46th REGIONAL CONFERENCETransforming Cities

The Spatial and Socio-economic Dimensions

Solid Waste Management in Singapore

Mr. Mohd Fadil Bin Supa’at

Deputy Director

Waste & Resource Management Department

20 November 2013

1. Singapore’s Solid Waste Management Story

2. Overview of Current System

3. Challenges & Opportunities

4. Key Enhancements

5. Vision for Integrated Waste-to-Resource Management

Outline

2

1 Singapore’s Solid Waste Management Story

3

Singapore Today

Singapore in the 60s

The Approach to Manage the Environment

• Government recognised very early that economic development need not progress at the expense of the environment.

• More importantly a high standard of living for the people could not be achieved without a clean and healthy environment.

• In translating the vision to reality the government understand the need to adopt a long term perspective in planning and executing the various programmes.

• Other than emphasizing practicality of the solutions, continuous innovation has also been a hallmark of many environmental policies and programmes.

Some basic principles

From Past to Present

Transformation of living conditions & refuse collection

7

From Past to Present

To Volume Reduction and Energy Recovery

Ulu Pandan (1979) Tuas (1986) Senoko (1992) Tuas South (2000) Keppel Seghers (2009)1,100 tons/day 1,700 tons/day 2,400 tons/day 3,000 tons/day 800 tons/day

Decommissioned

From Direct Landfilling …

Lorong HalusLim Chu Kang Choa Chu Kang Semakau Landfill(Started operation in 1999)

Closed Closed Closed

8

2Overview of Current System

9

Key Drivers

710 km2

Land scarcity

High Standards in Public Health

Maximise Resource Recovery

Our System Today

11Note: Average daily figures for 2012

3%Non-incinerable waste

Consumers

Producers

Ash

37%Incinerable waste

60%Waste Recycled

Waste Generated

Electricity

Recycle

Collection Landfill

Waste-to-Energy

Reduce

Reuse

19,862 t/d 541 t/d

11,846 t/d

7,475 t/d

1,779 t/d

2,688 MWh/d

Towards Environmental Sustainability

Recycling

• Maximise resource recovery from waste• Adopt better recycling methods to sustain clean environment

Waste-to-Energy / Volume Reduction

• Adopt innovative technology to maximise energy recovery, minimise ash & land use

Landfill

• Minimise waste to landfill

Minimisation / Prevention

• Promote efficient use of resources in production processes• Promote 3Rs & waste segregation at source in homes & businesses

12

To enhance the sustainability of our system as solutions to the waste growth challenge are being developed

Minimisation/Prevention

C&D Recycling

Singapore Packaging Agreement (SPA)• Voluntary industry-govt-NGO Agreement

• To promote packaging waste 3Rs

• 10,000 tonnes of packaging waste avoided S$22 mil saved since 2007

• 2nd SPA started in 2012 and to commit further reduction of 6,500 ton by 2015

Recycling

• Promote economically viable and sustainable waste recycling.

Businesses & Industries Homes Schools

•Pay-as-you-throw fee structure encourages waste generators to reduce waste disposal

•Recycling services are provided at industrial estates

Recycling byBusinesses & Industries

National Recycling Programme

•Nationwide residential recycling programme implemented in all neighbourhoods

•Recycling bins conveniently located near every block of flats

Recycling Programmes in Schools

•Builds awareness & promotes action from young

•100% of primary & secondary schools have recycling corners

•Students volunteer as “Green Ambassadors”

Recycling of Household Waste

National Recycling Programme

Recycling in HDB estates

Recycling bags (some estates)Fortnightly door-to-door collectionPlace bags outside unit before 7.30am

Recycling bins

Recycling in Landed Estates

Recycling bins or Recycling bagsPlace bin/bag outside unit before 7.30am

Commingled recycling systemDeposit paper, plastic, metal and glass into the same recycling bin / bag

Garden waste collection(some estates)

Recycling of Domestic Waste

CollectionPublic waste collectors• HDB flats• Landed houses• SchoolsPublic / general waste collectors• CondominiumsGeneral waste collector•Public recycling bins

Sorting

Sorting of commingled recyclables at Material

Recovery Facility

MRF

Recycling

Recyclables are sent to respective recycling plants• Local recycling facilities• Exported to overseas recycling facilities

National Recycling Programme

Paper/Card

board

Constructi

on Debris

Ferrous M

etal

Plastics

Food waste

Used Slag

Wood/T

imber

Others

Horticu

ltural W

aste

Textile/Le

ather

SludgeGlass

Non-ferro

us Metals

Scrap Tyre

s -

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

Wei

ght (

in to

nnes

)

Recycling Rates

10% of waste volume to be

disposed

Reduce volume of waste up to 90%

Scrap metalRecover ferrous metals for recycling

Electricity

Convert heat to electricity

Waste IncinerationFour Mass Burn Incineration PlantsTotal Capacity of 7800 tonnes /dayGate Fee S$77-81

Maximise Lifespan of Semakau Landfill

•Recycling IBA can reduce ash-to-landfill & enhance resource efficiency

•Frameworks & standards being developed to govern ash treatment & reuse

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Semakau Offshore Landfill

• Singapore’s only landfill• Area: 350 hectares

o Non-incinerable Waste 500 t/d

o Incineration Ash 1,700 t/d

Recycling of Incineration Bottom Ash

3 Key Challenges & Opportunities

21

Historical Trend

Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Recycling Rate

40% 44% 45% 47% 48% 49% 51% 54% 56% 57% 58% 59% 60%

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2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20124,000

4,500

5,000

5,500

6,000

6,500

7,000

7,500

8,000

6,6676,989

6,634

6,332 6,182 6,2436,381

6,5196,693

6,795

7,0837,277

7,475

Waste Incinerated (2000 to 2012)

Wa

ste

In

cin

era

ted

(t/

d)

Year

Future Challenge

Going forward, the Solid Waste Management Industry will continue to be a critical infrastructure needed to support the long term growth of Singapore’s economy.

=Waste Generated

7.2 million tons

2012

2030

5.26.0

6.9

2010 2020 2030

=Waste Generated

12.6 million tons

Recycling Rate: 60%

Recycling Rate: 70%

Source: NEA,

Singapore’s Population in Million

5.3m

1.5m

2012

5.3

i. Growing volume of waste

ii. Limited Lifespan of our Landfill

iii. Lack of land for more waste management facilities

iv. Need to raise recycling rates

v. Productivity of waste industry

Challenges

4 Key Aspects & Enhancements

25

3R Enhancements

We are stepping up our efforts to promote the 3Rs

Businesses

Launch of 2nd Singapore Packaging Agreement

Voluntary industry-government platform to promote

packaging waste 3Rs

1st SPA started in 2007

2nd SPA started in July 2012

10,000 tons of packaging waste avoided & SGD22 mil saved

Improved reduction targets by 2015

Commercial Premises

Mandatory Reporting Requirement

Commercial premises can benefit by recycling more & saving on waste disposal cost

Large hotels & malls will be required to submit waste reduction plans & targets from 2014

Premises guided to formulate tailored plans

26

Homes

Enhancements to National Recycling Programme

Introducing enhancements to increase recycling accessibility & convenience

1 recycling bin for every block of flats being rolled out in phases

Dual-refuse and recycling chutes systems implemented in selected new developments

Leverage on Community Support for Recycling Efforts

Working with the community stakeholders

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

60%

2012

70%2030

Improve recycling rate

To reduce waste to landfill…

Raising public awareness on recycling and practising the 3Rs

Recycling Week 2012

Annual Recycling Week

Organised in partnership with

CGS 2013 Launch Carnival

Clean and Green Singapore

- Public Waste Collectors (PWCs)- Schools- Community Based Organisations- Grassroots Organisations (GROs)

Annual 3Rs Achiever Awards

- Recognise constituencies with outstanding efforts in supporting the 3Rs in the communities

Community Recycling Activities

Eco Day Out @ South West

- Community recycling eventsCash-for-Trash activities

27

Consolidation of Public Waste Collection (PWC) Sectors

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Jurong Clementi – Bukit Merah

City – Punggol

Pasir Ris – Bedok

Woodlands – Yishun

Ang Mo Kio – Toa Payoh

Optimise Efficiency

$ $$ Cost

Savings

Maintain Competition

Combine smaller sectors to form larger ones

New PWC Sectors – From 9 to 6 sectors

Uniform Fee (UF) for domestic premises will be introduced progressively across all sectors

Apartment = S$7Landed = S$23.19

More Efficient Waste Collection

We are striving to enhance waste collection efficiency & maintain high public health standards

Automated system of conveying refuse in pipes by suction from buildings to central

collection station

No open handling of refuse – reduces threat to public health

Indoor Refuse Inlet

Sealed container

Air Inlet valve

Bin centreDust & deodorant filters

Transportation pipe

29

Pneumatic Refuse Conveyance System (PRCS)• Implemented in selected developments

• Adoption to be widened

Energy Recovery & Volume Reduction

30

Senoko

Tuas

Tuas South

Keppel

Semakau

Incineration ash

Preliminary concept of plannedintegrated waste management

facility

i. Maximise energy recovery

ii. Maximise resource recovery (eg. centralised sorting facility, ash reuse)

iii Minimise environmental & land footprint

5 Vision for Integrated Waste-to-Resource Management

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Vision & Targets

32

• 3R practices are integrated with daily life & business operations

• A vibrant industry manages waste & resources effectively and contributes to economic growth

• Waste management facilities maximise resource & energy efficiency and minimise land footprint & environmental impacts

A sustainable, affordable & integrated waste-to-resource management system

70% recycling rate by 2030

Our Environment

Safeguard • Nurture • Cherish