early roman culture

8/2/2019 Early Roman Culture

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Roman Culture

to the Gracchi


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Pre-literary to Literary Culture


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Public Culture

public ritual

public dramapublic writings (inscriptions)


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carmen, carminis, n.

chant, prayer, spell, law, song,

poem


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The Untranslatable Hymn of

the Salii


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fr. 1:

divum +empta+ cante, divum deo supplicate

fr. 2:

cume tonas, Leucesie, prae tet tremonti

+quot+ ibet etinei de is cum tonarem


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The Hymn of the Arval

Brethren


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enos Lases iuvate

enos Lases iuvate

enos Lases iuvate

That is, help us, Lares.


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neve lue rue Marmar sins incurrere in pleoris



Dont let plague and ruin, o Marmar, makeincursions on the people.


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satur fu, fere Mars, limen sali, sta berber



Be replete, Mars, leap the threshold, stay thebarbarian


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Other carmina:

Some kind of indigenous traditon

of historical song--maybe


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Cicero, in the Brutus:

Would that those songs were still extant,

which Cato tells us in his Origines used tobe sung by each guest in turn at thebanquets of our ancestors, many ages beforehis time, about the praises of illustriousmen.


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at the banquets of our

ancestors


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Carmen / Law


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Under the black stone (lapis niger) in

the Forum, was found, in 1899

a cippus, with an inscription possibly late 6th century BCE boustrophedon carving


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Some words are legible:

sakros es- let him be accursed (?)

recei for/to the king

iouxamenta draft animals


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The Twelve Tables


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From the Twelve Tables

Cito necatus insignis ad deformitatem puer esto.

A markedly deformed child shall be put to death

immediately.

Si pater filium ter venum duit, filius a patre liberesto.

If a father sells his son into slavery three times, theson shall be free of his father.


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186BCE The SCU de

Bacchanalibus


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from the SCU de

BacchanalibusLet none of them be minded to maintain a

place of Bacchic worship. Should there be

any who say that they must maintain a placeof Bacchic worship, they must come to

Rome to the urban praetor, and about these

matters, when their words have been heard,our Senate shall make a decision


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Epitaphs

Carmen / poem


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Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus

son of Gnaeus, a brave man and prudent,

whose looks were fully equal to his valor;he was aedile, consul, (and) censor among you;

he took Taurasia (and) Cisauna in (or from) Samnium;

he subdues all Lucania and takes away hostages.


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A meter called Saturnians

a native Italian meter


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Early Latin Poetry

Epic

Drama


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Vortereto turn transform

Transforming a Greek Legacy


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Livius Andronicus

Dramatist and Latin Epic Poet

Possibly a half-Greek fromTarentum


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Comedy and Tragedies at the LudiRomani in 240BCE

names of his plays include: Aegisthus,Aiax, Equos Troianus, Ino, Tereus


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The Odyssey

virum mihi, Camena, insece versutum

Andra moi nnepe, Mosa, poltropon,w mla poll


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Greek Hexameter

Muse

Odysseus

Latin Saturnian Meter

Camena (an Italiannymph)

Ulixes


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Naevius

Bellum Punicum: an epic, in

saturnians, on the First Punic War


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Ennius

Annales

Drama


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Annales

Temporal Structure puts Rome atcenter

From Romes Foundation Latin, but in Hexameters

after Ennius, no one seemed to bother with

Saturnians anymore


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The Earliest Authors Whose

Works Survive Plautus

situations, names, Greek

Terence often combines the plots of two Greek

plays in one complains of competition from tight-rope

walkers, dancing bears


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Public venues:

the city (hymn of the Salii)

the forum (laws, plays)the roadside (epitaphs)


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Cato the Elder


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Speeches: he made copies andcirculated them

Wrote a treatise on farming Origines: origins of Italian cities

on Greek model of origin stories

did not name major characters; these arethe achievements of the people


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Cicero, in the Brutus:

Would that those songs were still extant,

which Cato tells us in his Origines used tobe sung by each guest in turn at thebanquets of our ancestors, many ages beforehis time, about the praise of illustrious

men.


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early roman culture

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