Early Republic 1912-1927 Rise of Warlordism May 4th Movement Party Politics

Guomindang(GMD)-Communist (CCP) Alliance

Guomindang “Rule” 1927-1949

May Fourth Movement: Intellectual and Political Concerns

Political Concerns: Nationalism Anti-imperialism Anti-warlord Mass Movements

Intellectual Concerns Social Darwinism New Culture Literary Reform Mass Education

Leading Intellectual Figures Chen Duxiu (1879-1942)

Beida Dean (1917-1919) Studied in Japan Chinese Youth Founder of New Youth

Magazine Mr. Science and Mr.

Democracy Co-founder Chinese

Communist Party

Call to Youth! (1915) Be independent, not servile Be progressive, not conservative Be aggressive, not retiring Be cosmopolitan, not isolationist Be utilitarian, not formalistic Be scientific, not imaginative

Li Dazhao (1888-1927) Li Dazhao (1889-1927)

Beida Librarian, Historian Studied in Japan Co-editor of New Youth Founder of Marxist Study

Group Co-founder of CCP

Chinese Communist Party (CCP) 1921, Shanghai

Russian Revolution, Comintern

“Scientific theory of historical progress”

Leninist role of Party suited to Chinese intellectuals

Marxist World View place China in forefront

Chinese Communist Poster With Lenin

Reorganization of Nationalist Party GMD

Governments in Canton stabilized in 1923 Sun-Joffee Agreement (Adolf Joffee, Comintern agent)

China not ready for Socialist System Present goal: reunification and national

independence Soviets willing to negotiate return of Czarist rights Renounce claims on Outer Mongolia

Michael Borodin1884-1951 Comintern Agent

First United Front (1923-1927) Comintern Influence Whampoa Academy 1924 GMD- CCP United Front Newspapers Mass Organizations

Labor Unions Peasant Associations Women’s Associations

Zhou Enlai, Political Director Whampoa, 1927

Best Looking Chinese Leader?

Rise of Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek (1888-

1975) Top military advisor to Sun

Yat-sen (d. 1925) Commandant of Whampoa Leader of Northern

Expedition

Northern Expedition 1927 Defeat Warlords in

South and Central China Consolidate Chiang’s

control of Guomindang Shanghai Massacre April

1927 Split with CCP

Nationalist Government established in Nanjing

Guomindang Arrests Shanghai 1927

Disease of Skin vs. Disease of the Heart

Rising nationalism Encirclement Campaigns

1930-34

Manchurian Incident September 18, 1931 Japanese Seizure of Manchuria Zhang Xueliang, Manchurian Warlord