Early Industry and Inventions

Manufacturing, Transportation, Communication, and Farming

Jump Start

• Get a reading off of the front table

• Read the section “Free Enterprise and Factories” Mark/circle/highlight all people, places, and

things Make the three columns with the works found

5 W’s & H

• Who was involved?

• What did they do/invent?

• Where did they have the most influence?

• When did this take place?

• Why did they do/invent what they did?

• How did it effect the country?

Industrial Revolution

• Up until the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing was done in the home Farm families produced what they needed This was known as the cottage industry

• In the 1700’s, Britain jumped ahead of the U.S. in industrial production 1705- steam engine

• Britain carefully guarded their secret…why do you think they would do this?

Begins in the U.S.

• 1789- Samuel Slater came to the U.S. from Britain with plans for a water powered textile mill in his head What region would be

good for water powered mills? Why?

• Progress was slow until the Embargo Act of 1807 How did this help?

Factory System

• The factory system had many workers under one roof working at machines.

• Many people left farms and moved to the city to work in factories.

• They wanted the money that factories paid.

• This change was not always for the better. In what ways would industrialization be

negative?

Factories Come to New England

• New England was a good place to set up factories Had many

fast-moving rivers

Ships for quick transport of goods

Willing labor force

The Lowell Mills Hire Women

• In 1813, Francis Cabot Lowell built a factory in Massachusetts

• The factory spun cotton into yarn and wove the cotton into cloth.

• “Lowell girls” lived in boardinghouses supervised by older women Strict rules Forced church attendance

• Worked over 12 hours a day in extremely loud factories

Think-Pair-Share

• How did the Industrial Revolution develop in the United States and what type of change did it generate? Pg. 325-326

Interchangeable Parts, Steamboat, Telegraph, Cotton Gin

Inventions: Changes in production, Transportation, and Communication

Interchangeable Parts

• The first interchangeable parts were created by Eli Whitney Military hired him to make 10,000 muskets…would take 2 years!

• Interchangeable parts- Identical parts that can be substituted in the manufacture or repair of a product

• Whitney created muskets with exactly the same parts, so any part would fit any gun

• Factories began producing matching parts to many products Sped up production, made repairs easier, and allowed the use of lower-

paid, less skilled workers.

The Cotton Gin

• Eli Whitney also invented the cotton gin

• The gin took the seeds out of the cotton, which was much faster than doing it by hand From 1 to 50 lbs per day

• Resulted in cotton as a viable cash crop Increased the need for

more land and slaves

Think-Pair-Share

• How did industrialization in the North and the invention of the cotton gin in the South lead to increased sectionalism? Pg. 332-334

Steamboat

• Some inventions increased production BUT others improved transportation and communication

• 1807- Robert Fulton designed a steamboat that could move against the current and the wind Clermont

• The steamboat created more opportunities for trade and transportation on rivers.

The Telegraph

• 1837- telegraph was invented by Samuel Morse

• Sent long and short pulses of electricity along a wire

• Took only seconds to communicate with another city

• The invention of the steamboat and telegraph brought the people of the nation closer to each other

Think-Pair-Share

• How did developments in communication and transportation impact growth, development, and urbanization of the U.S.? Pg. 328-329