early history: trial and error (lay-referral network) medical lore passed down from generation to...
TRANSCRIPT
Early History: Trial and Error (lay-referral
network) Medical lore passed down from
generation to generation Throughout history people have
always turned to some type of medicine man or physician for counsel
Ancient Cultures: Good hygiene practices Paved streets, drains, sewer
systems Code of Hammurabi Before science enabled us to
determine pathogenic causes of disease, spiritual explanations and leadership prevailed
Greeks: Balance of physical, mental, and
spiritual Hippocrates and the “atomic theory” (p.43)
Recorded observations between disease and geography, living conditions,climate, and diet
Romans: Conquered the Greeks, but
retained their medical knowledge Exceptional builders of water and
sewage systems Attention to where they located
towns and drainage Advanced study of human
anatomy and surgery
Middle Ages: In order for people to be protected,
they built fortresses around their property and animals
Overcrowding and sanitation Little emphasis on cleanliness in
early Christianity Disease was caused by sin or
disobeying God Time of great epidemics – bubonic
plague
Renaissance: Beginning of change Disease and plague still rampant Bloodletting popular “water casting” Barbers performed surgery and
dentistry Hygiene of royalty
Renaissance cont. Printing press invented so classical
writing could be reproduced OK to study the human body and
anatomy advanced Leeuwenhoek discovered the
microscope John Graunt made advancement in epi “health boards” began to be
developed in communities
Age of Enlightenment: Disease and plagues still raged Miasmas theory of disease took
hold Mind and body were dependent on
one another Edward Jenner discovered vaccine
procedure for smallpox
1800’s (Bacterial period of public Health)
First half of the century diseases continued to rage
1842 Edwin Chadwick’s report 1849 John Snow and the Broad Street pump Louis Pasteur – Germ theory of disease Joseph Lister – antiseptic method
Health Education & Promotion in the United
States Early colonial schools 1647 – “Old Deluder” law By mid 1800’s schools were tax
supported and attendance was required
1850 –first mandate to teach physiology and hygiene in all public schools
1850 - Shattuck Report
1873 – APHA started 1874-1890 Women’s Crusade,
later called the Women’s Christian Temperance Union
1890’s - medical inspections began 1901- Thomas Wood
1914 - Demonstration projects began 1914 – WWI, 1st large scale measure of
health status of Americans 1920’s-1930’s many studies designed
to clarify the role of health education Great Depression, 1929-1941 WWII, 1939-1945
1950 – Health Education was emerging as integral part of elementary, secondary, & college curriculum
1970’s:The Era of Prevention
1971 – Coalition of National Health Organizations formed
1974 – LaLonde Report 1974 – CDC was established 1979 – Healthy People: The
Surgeon General’s Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention was published
1980’s
Promoting Health & Preventing Disease: Objectives for the Nation
Initial Role Delineation study for Health Education
Examination of professional preparation programs and professional competencies
First Certified Health Education Specialists (CHES) recognized
1990’s National Health Education Standards
published Responsibilities/competencies for
entry-level Health Educators published
SOC designation for Health Educators Competencies Update Project (CUP)
2000’s Unified Code of Ethics Report of Joint Committee on Health
Education & Promotion Terminology Promotion of CHES Revised national HE competencies (3
levels) based on CUP Outcome-Based Education &
Practice