early colonial & national eras
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Early Colonial & National Eras. Jamestown. The first permanent English settlement in North America, started as a business venture to sell raw materials back to England - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Early Colonial & National Eras
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Jamestown Jamestown
The first permanent English settlement in North America, started as a business venture to sell raw materials back to England
Tobacco- this cash crop saved Jamestown and made the colony of Virginia wealthy. Tobacco cultivation was labor intensive and made the Virginia agricultural economy dependent on slavery.
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House of BurgessesHouse of Burgesses
The first legislative assembly in North America, it represents the first form of self-government in the colonies.
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PowhatanPowhatanNative Americans who lived
for centuries in Virginia.
English colonist forced them from their land and used it for Tobacco growing.
These actions led many Powhatan’s to flee Virginia and established bad relations between colonists and Native Americans
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Bacon’s RebellionBacon’s RebellionA revolt by the poor
English colonist and slaves against the wealthy in Jamestown.
The rebels wanted better protection and action taken against the Native Americans so poorer colonists could have Native American land.
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Development of SlaveryDevelopment of SlaveryBegun in 1619 in the
colony of Virginia to replace indentured servants
African slaves are thought to be better equipped to handle the work and heat of the plantation system
Part of the Columbian Exchange
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New England ColoniesNew England ColoniesEstablished by the Puritans to
escape religious persec-ution in England
Religion- Puritans did not tolerate religions that did not follow their teachings.
In 1686 the entire region was combined into one colony because the King believed they were not following Parliament, becomes the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
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Rhode Island and the Salem Witch TrialsRhode Island and the Salem Witch Trials
Roger Williams- founder of Rhode Island, he founds colony under the ideas of religious freedom and peaceful relations with Native Americans
Salem Witch Trials- caused by the oppression of wo-men, and hardline Puritan views on the world, over 25 people are killed or jailed for witch-craft without any proof.
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King Phillip’s WarKing Phillip’s WarLed by Metacom (King
Phillip), Native Ameri-cans attack the Puritans over the loss of their land
Brutal war with massacres on both sides
This ended Native Amer-ican control of New England
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Half-Way CovenantHalf-Way CovenantThis provided half-way
membership in the Puritan church to the children of church members
Church leaders hoped this would get more of the children to join the Puritan church
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Town Hall MeetingsTown Hall Meetings
Mainly in New England in small towns
White males 21 and over who owned property voted on political issues for each town
Helps form the idea of political representation in the colonies
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Mid-Atlantic ColoniesMid-Atlantic ColoniesOriginally not a part of
the English colonies
Controlled by the Dutch
Separated the English Northern and Southern colonies
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New YorkNew YorkOriginally settled by the Dutch
and called New Amsterdam
England takes this colony without a single shot and renames it New York
New York became the center for trade in the America’s.
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PennsylvaniaPennsylvaniaFounded by William Penn
a Quaker
This colony was tolerant of all religions
The colony of Delaware will split from Pennsylvania
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QuebecQuebecFounded by the French,
claims all of inner North America west of the colonies
Leads to the founding of New Orleans and the territory of Louisiana
French have better relations with Native Americans
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MercantilismMercantilismIs the economic theory that
a mother country needs large supplies of silver and gold to be rich.
Gold/Silver- acquired by selling manufactured goods.
Colonies in mercantilism provided raw materials for manufacturing and bought the finished products.
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The Columbian ExchangeThe Columbian Exchange
The large scale ex-change of plants, people, diseases, and animals be-tween the Old World and the New World
Sometimes referred to as the Triangle Trade.
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Middle Passage/African CultureMiddle Passage/African Culture
The 90-120 day voyage African slaves endured from Africa to the America’s.
Millions died from disease and starvation during the voyage
African dance and music maintained under slavery, differing cultures blend together in the America’s
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The Great AwakeningThe Great AwakeningGreat Awakening-
religious movement of the 1730’s and 1740’s. It is different because of its passion.
Begun as an attack on the Puritan Church, challenges all religious authority
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French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War
War between France and Great Britain over the control of North America, Britain wins
This war bankrupted Great Britain, they need money to pay for it, TAXES
They believed the colonists should pay for it since it was over the colonies in North America
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Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763Law passed that banned
colonists from moving west beyond the Appalachian Mountains
Passed to prevent further wars with Native Americans
This angered colonists and is one reason for the American Revolution
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Stamp ActStamp Act
A tax on all printed materials passed by Great Britain they need this symbol to show they paid the tax
Passed to help pay for the French-Indian War
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Sons of LibertySons of LibertyThis group of Patriots was
formed in 1765 and urged colonial resistance to the Stamp Act using any means available… even violence.
Committees of Correspondence- formed to resist the new taxes passed by Great Britain
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Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party
Colonists dumped tons of tea into Boston Harbor to protest the Stamp Act
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Intolerable ActsIntolerable Acts
A series of laws passed to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party
This led to increased anger against Britain and the First Continental Congress
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Thomas PaineThomas PaineWrote Common Sense,
an argument that said it just made common sense for the colonists to revolt against King George
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John LockeJohn LockeHe believed in natural
rights- “life, liberty, and property”
He influenced Thomas Jefferson and the Declaration of Independence
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MontesquieuMontesquieu
He believed in the idea that government should have three parts- Legislative, Executive, and Judicial
His writings influenced the writing of the Constitution and creation of the United States government
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Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of IndependenceWritten primarily by Thomas
Jefferson, he was influenced by John Locke’s ideas (natural rights) in 1776
It declares the reasons why the colonists will revolt and invokes the ideas of Social Contract.
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Benjamin FranklinBenjamin FranklinHe represents the idea of
social mobility (you can start poor and become rich or important) in America
He becomes the ambassador to France during the American Revolution and convinces them to support the colonists during the war
American Statesman/signed the Constitution/Founding Father
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The American RevolutionThe American Revolution
This was the first successful colonial independence movement against a European power, England 1775-1783.
Great Britain vs. American colonies
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George WashingtonGeorge Washington
Commander of the Continental Army
His leadership skills held the army together during the war
Started a training program to turn the colonial militia into the Continental Army (professional).
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Marquis de LafayetteMarquis de Lafayette
French soldier and friend of Washington
He trained the soldiers at Valley Forge turning them into a well trained fighting force
He helped Washington beat the British at Yorktown
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Valley ForgeValley Forge
Washington led his troops here for the Winter of 1777, becomes a symbol of sacrifice for a cause
The Continental Army under Lafayette train and emerge stronger and better prepared to fight the British
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Crossing the DelawareCrossing the Delaware
Turning point of the American Revolution, Washington leads his men on a surprise attack of the Hessian soldiers
Washington wins at Trenton and Princeton, boosted the morale of the colonists fighting in the Revolution
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Lord CornwallisLord Cornwallis
Leader of the British forces during the American Revolution
He will surrender to Washington after the Battle of Yorktown
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Battle of YorktownBattle of Yorktown
Final battle of the Amer-ican Revolution, French and American forces trapped the British with no where to run
Treaty of Paris 1783- This officially ended the American Revolution and gave the United States territory all the way to the Mississippi River.
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Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation
First constitution of the United States
Weakness- didn’t have a leg-islative or executive branch of government, represented the colonists fear of a strong national government
National Government could not- tax, regulate commerce, or print money
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Northwest OrdinanceNorthwest OrdinanceThis provided an
organized way for a territory to become a state
The one successful item accomplished under the Articles of Confederation
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Shays’ RebellionShays’ RebellionUprising of farmers in
Massachusetts in 1786, feared losing land due to taxes
Showed the weakness of the federal government with-out the ability to tax it couldn’t fix the economy
Led to the calling of the Constitutional Convention
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Constitutional ConventionConstitutional Convention
Held at Independence Hall in Philadelphia,1787.
Goal- create a plan for a more powerful national government and revise the Articles of Confederation.
Outcome wrote the Constitution
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Great CompromiseGreat Compromise
This deal used parts of Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan
Created bicameral Congress with one house based on population (House of Representatives) and one giving equal representation to every state (Senate).
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Slavery and the Constitution Slavery and the Constitution Three-Fifths Compro-
mise agreement to count slaves as 3/5 a white person for representation in the government
Slavery was allowed to continue under the Constitution for 20 more years
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Checks and BalancesChecks and Balances
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Federalist PapersFederalist PapersWritten by Alexander
Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay
They argued that a strong government was needed to protect the Union
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Anti-FederalistAnti-Federalist
They opposed the adoption of the Constitution without a Bill of Rights to protect the freedoms of Americans against the federal government.
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Bill of RightsBill of Rights
The first ten amendments of the Constitution
These amendments guarantee the rights of individuals and protects those rights from the government
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Washington’s PresidencyWashington’s PresidencyDid not run for a third term setting
the two term precedence
Developed the cabinet as advisors to the President
Washington’s Farewell address warned Americans against:
1. Getting involved in foreign wars sets our neutrality foreign policy
2. Political parties
3. Permanent Alliances sets our isolationism foreign policy
4. Sectionalism
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Whiskey RebellionWhiskey Rebellion• Government passes
excise tax on Whiskey
• Farmers in Pennsylvania hurt by the tax, refuse to pay
• Washington sends in the militia to end the rebellion
• Shows the power of the government under the Constitution
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Development of Political PartiesDevelopment of Political Parties
Alexander Hamilton wants a strong central government; but Thomas Jefferson believes the federal gov-ernment should be limited
Two parties develop under those ideas:
1.Hamilton and the Federalists
2.Jefferson and the Democrat-Republic Party