early colonial exploration and expansion
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Early Colonial Exploration and Expansion. AFRICA. Pre-Colonial Africa. Reasons for European Expansion. 1. Curiosity 2. Search for new trade routes 3. Desire for natural resources and wealth 4. Pride. Portugal. Why were the Portuguese the first Europeans to travel to Africa? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Early Colonial Exploration and Expansion
AFRICA
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Pre-Colonial Africa
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Reasons for European Expansion
• 1. Curiosity• 2. Search for new trade routes• 3. Desire for natural resources and wealth• 4. Pride
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Portugal
• Why were the Portuguese the first Europeans to travel to Africa?
– Prince Henry the Navigator (west coast)– Bartolomeu Dias (Cape of Good Hope)– Vasco Da Gama (India)
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PORTUGUESE EXPLORATION
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Exploring Africa
• 1. The Gold Coast• 2. Western Africa• 3. East Africa• 4. Mozambique
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The Early Slave Trade
• 1. Islamic Empire controlled the slave trade.
• 2. Intra-African Trade• 3. Establishment of Trade Posts (later for
slave trade) – 40 along the West Coast• 4. European expansion to the New World
leads to increased demands for slaves.
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Slave Trade• Years Number of Slaves % of overall trade
1450 -1500 81,000 -1500 – 1600 328,000 2.01601 – 1700 1,348,000 12.01701 – 1800 6,090,000 54.21801 – 1900 3,466,000 30.9____________________________________________Total 11,233,000 100.0
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Where Did the Slaves Go?
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The Decline of Portuguese Influence
• Few permanent settlements• Racial Assimilation• Annexation by Spain• Political Instability• Colonial Wars (Mozambique and Angola)• International Competition
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Colonial Africa
• The Scramble for Africa (1880 – 1900)– Britain– Italy– France– Germany– Spain– Belgium– Netherlands
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THE BRITISH COME TO AFRICA
• 1553 - British ship brings back gold from Guinea• 1650s – British begin building forts on the West
Coast of Africa, including the fort at Cape Coast• 1700s – 1800s – British become heavily involved
in the slave trade• 1807 – Britain abolishes the slave trade• 1817 – Britain begins to take control of people
living on the coast with the consent of the Ashanti state.
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THE FRENCH COME TO AFRICA
• 1624 – France est. trading posts in Senegal
• 1774 – 1815 - Conflict with Britain destroys French colonialism
• 1830 – France invades Algeria
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BERLIN CONFERENCE
• 1884 – Portugal requests Otto von Bismark solve the “Africa Problem”
• 14 countries invited– Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, France,
Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden-Norway (unified from 1814-1905), Turkey, and the United States of America.
– Germany France, G.B. and Portugal are the major players
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Carving Up Africa
• 80% of the continent was self-governed• Africa is carved into 50 countries and
superimposed over the 1000 indigenous cultures.
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Who Got What?• Great Britain – Egypt, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya (British
East Africa), South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana (Rhodesia), Nigeria and Ghana (Gold Coast)
• France – Mauritania to Chad (French West Africa), and Gabon and the Republic of Congo (French Equatorial Africa)
• Belgium – Democratic Republic of the Congo (Belgian Congo)
• Portugal – Mozambique, Guinea and Angola• Italy – Somalia (Italian Somaliland) and Eritrea.• Germany – Namibia (German Southwest Africa) and
Tanzania (German East Africa)• Spain – Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni)
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Colonial Africa After WWI
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Colonial Africa After WWII