early childhood (cognitive development)
DESCRIPTION
Concept of Conservation, Developmental Memory Skills and Vygotsky's Sociocultural ApproachTRANSCRIPT
Early ChildhoodCognitive Development
Early Childhood
Age group 2-6 years.Period of rapid physical, mental, emotional, social and language development
Early Childhood
•Foundation period of life.•Period of slow growth and rapid development.•“Pre-School age”.
Cognitive Development
(Conservation Concepts, Classifying, Ordering Objects, Memory Abilities)
Pre-operational Stage
Capable of representational thought such as through drawings.
Ability to engage in pretend play.
Cognitive Development
Limitations inPre-operational
Stage
• Egocentrism• Concept of
Conservation• Logical Inferences
Cognitive Development
Limitations in Pre-operational Stage
EgocentrismPiaget noted that children do not yet understand concrete
logic, cannot mentally manipulate information, and are unable to take the point
of view of other people.
Concept of Conservation
The fact that some of properties of objects remain the same while other properties are changing.
In Piaget’s theory, preoperational children do not grasp this concept.
Limitations in Pre-operational Stage
Limitations in Pre-operational Stage
Logical Inferences Children's thinking in pre-operational is dominated by the concrete reality of the
way things look.
Concept of Conservation
By Jean Piaget
Conservation of Number
Conservation of Length
Conservation of Mass
Conservation of Area
Conservation of Displaced Liquid
Development of Memory Skills
NO FACE LIKE NO OTHER
Recognition
•Ability to identify an object, person, or quality that was encountered before.Recall
•Ability to reproduce material from memory
Recognition vs. Recall
4-year olds are usually able to recall only three or four items
Pre-schooler’s recognition memory is much better than their recall
Because they have taken in-or encoded- information and retained over time.
Poor Recall attributed to
Use of strategies for retrieval Pre-schoolers don’t memorize Use of Categorization strategies Not based from semantic content
Lack of knowledge about the materials
Poor Recall attributed to
Lack of knowledge about memory itself Metamemory
• Knowledge about memory itself- about memory tasks, strategies and conditions
• Pre-schoolers cannot explain that remembering the gist of a short story is easier that reciting it verbatim.
Young Children’s Theory of Mind• The young child’s ideas about the nature of
mental activities, especially those of people around them.
• Children who have daily interactions are more advanced in their understanding of false beliefs than those with fewer interactions
Preliteracy & Early Mathematical Skills
Phonemic Awareness -the ability to hear and manipulate sounds of spoken language
Cardinality – the concept that the last number in a counting series represents the quantity of objects in a set. Dialogic reading Exposure to the alphabet and to printed
materials of all kinds.
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Approach• He emphasized the contexts in
which children’s learning takes place.
• He stressed the role of guided participation in children’s learning.
• Children learn how to perform the to become independent participants in activities that are valued by their culture.
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Approach
Scaffolding– adults support that allow young children to begin to participate in family activities.• By gradually decreasing the
amount of scaffolding they provide, parents enable children to act independently.
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Approach• Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) the distance
between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance, or in collaboration with more capable peers
• Private speech arises out of children’s internalization of speech that they have heard from others.