eagle creek park eagles crest 1997 floral inventory

Qualitative Vegetation Analysis of Eagle's Crest State

Nature Preserve, Eagle Creek Park, Indianapolis, IN

Rebecca Dolan and Marcia Moore

Friesner Herbarium, Butler University

Indianapolis, IN 46208

October 13, 1997

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction ................................................................................................................ 5

Methods ..................................................................................................................... 8

Results and Discussion .............................................................................................10

Recommendations .................................................................................................... 22

Literature Cited .........................................................................................................23

Appendix A. Herb- and tree-layer species by plot for Eagle’s Crest ........................25

SUMMARY OF FIGURES

Location of Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve (Figure 1.) .................................................. 5

Aerial photo of Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve, 1930s (Figure 2.) ................................ 6

Aerial photo of Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve, 1990s (Figure 3.) ................................ 7

Layout of plot centers (Figure 4.) ............................................................................. 8

Frequency histograms of individual tree size for common species at

Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve (Figure 5 a-e.) ..............................................15

Drawings of leaves, stems, and seeds of the five most commonly

encountered trees in Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve (Figure 6 a-e.) .............16

SUMMARY OF TABLES

Master Species list for Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve (Table 1.) ............................11

Tree-level species composition in Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve (Table 2.) ..........14

Comparison of structure of tree-level vegetation in permanent plots at Eagle’s Crest

Nature Preserve, with older-growth areas of Spring Pond Nature Preserve

(Table 3.) ......................................................................................................14

Common herb-layer species in Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve (Table 4.) ...............17

Comparison of herb-layer vegetation in permanent plots at Eagle’s Crest Nature

preserve, with older-growth areas of Spring Pond Nature Preserve

(Table 5.) ......................................................................................................18

List of plots by canopy cover type - Gap, Border, Non-gap (Table 6.) ....................19

Tree-level species composition by location type (Table 7.) .....................................20

Comparison of structure of tree-level vegetation by canopy cover type (Table 8.)..20

Common herb-layer species composition by location type (Table 9.) .....................21

INTRODUCTION

Eagle's Crest Nature Preserve (ECNP) is a 296 acre Indiana state dedicated nature preserve which isowned by the City of Indianapolis, Indianapolis Parks Department. It is an old second-growth mesic uplandforest site within the Indianapolis Parks Department's Eagle Creek Park (Figure 1). It is characterized byflat ridgetops and steep slopes that have been continuously covered with mature trees since at leastthe 1930's (Figures 2 and 3). A strong straight-line wind during the summer of 1994 blew over anduprooted many mature canopy trees throughout the preserve, but most of the disturbance wasconcentrated along the ridge over Fishback Creek on the eastern edge (Figure 1). These blow downsdramatically altered the landscape of ECNP, producing many light gaps.

Figure 1. Location of Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve.

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USGS Quad map: Zionsville & Clermont

Figure 2. Aerial photo of Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve shot in the 1930’s.

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Soils at ECNP are mostly Miami silt loams (2-24% slope), found on breaks between broad areas ofnearly level soils on uplands and on side ridges of extremely dissected areas, or Hennepin loam(slopes 25-30%), steep to very steep soil on side slopes between broad areas of nearly level uplands(USDA, 1978). Most areas of Hennepin loam are narrow and long. Cross areas of Crosby silt loamoccur in adjacent agriculture fields and along ridge tops, areas of deep, nearly level and gentlysloping, somewhat poorly drained soils on broad, gently undulating till plains. Miami and Crosbyseries soils formed in loess and underling calcareous glacial till. Hennepin series soils formed in till(USDA, 1978). The fairly narrow flat areas between drainages with steep slopes at ECNP areunsuitable for agriculture and are probably the reason why the mature forest remains today.

Figure 3. Aerial photo of Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve shot in the 1990’s.

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Indianapolis Parks Department, Land Stewardship Section contracted with Butler University,Friesner Herbarium to conduct a study of the vegetation of ECNP in order to quantify the vegetationpresent and to determine the value of this urban forest from a natural areas perspective. In addition,our study provided baseline data to be used in developing management plans for maintaining thequality of this natural area. Sites were sampled in wind-disturbed areas and compared to relativelyundisturbed sites and to recently-surveyed vegetation in another close-by preserve, Spring Pond.Permanent plots were established and marked to allow future study of vegetational changes. Allwoody and herbaceous plants in circular plots around permanent center points were identified andquantified. Species were categorized as native, exotic, or invasive and an index of conservatismvalue calculated to indicate the quality of the site from a natural areas perspective.

METHODS

Eight sites within ECNP were selected for study and establishment of permanent plots. Locationswere chosen arbitrarily, mostly along ridge tops, in the eastern area that has a large number of blowdowns and on less disturbed ridges to the west (see Figure 1). One site, site H, was placed along amajor drainage.

Within each sample area, a 3 x 3 grid system of plot center points, separated by 20 m was establishedalong ordinal axis using a compass and meter tape (see Figure 4); each of the 8 sample areascontained 9 plots for a total of 72 plots surveyed at ECNP (see folded map for locations of sites,Attachment 1). Field work was conducted during late May and June of 1997. Plant phenology atthis time was such that spring ephemerals such as toothwort and spring phlox were still apparent butsummer-blooming elements of the flora were also distinguishable.

Figure 4. Layout of plot centers. Each of the eight sample sites was given a letter designation (A-G). Within each site, plots were numbered as shown.

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7 8 9

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Woody vegetation was sampled in 100 m2 circular plots (radius = 5.64 m) around each plot centerpoint. Diameter at breast height (dbh) was measured for each species of tree, vine, and shrub with adbh of 1 cm or greater. These numbers provided data on the tree-layer vegetation at each study site.

4 5 6

20m 1 2 3

20m

Herb-layer vegetation was surveyed in 10 m2 area circles (radius = 1.79 m) around each plot centerpoint. Herbaceous species presence was recorded along with an estimate of the percentage of thequadrat that is covered by each species. Cover was estimated in equal angular (arcsine square root)classes (1-7%, 8-25%, 26-50%, 51-75%, 76-93%, 94-100%), a procedure that other studies haveshown uses class distinctions that most investigators can distinguish and that are free from math-ematical quirks that can complicate analyses based on data recorded as ratios (Dolan and Menges,1989). This technique provided data on both the presence and abundance of species in each quadrat.Nomenclature follows Gleason and Cronquist (1991).

Each individual plot within a site was assigned a canopy cover type (gap, gap-border or non-gap)based on whether the plot was in a light gap, on the edge of a gap, or in woods with an undisturbedoverstory. Tree- and herb-layer data were then analyzed in light of canopy cover type for speciespresence and structural composition in order to quantify the effects of cover type. Because the majorwind disturbance at the sight occurred recently, only tree-layer stems smaller than 10 cm dbh wereincluded in the analysis.

The data were analyzed using the software package PC-ORD (McCune, 1991). This package calcu-lated standard ecological measures used to compare vegetation. These data were used to quantifyplant community structure and diversity, and are compared to values obtained in last summer's studyat Spring Pond Nature Preserve (SPNP).

Value of the site from a natural areas perspective was quantified using the index of conservatismdeveloped by Swink and Wilhelm (1994). This rating system assigns values from 0-10 for nativespecies based on their fidelity to high quality habitats. A floristic quality index (I) value is thencalculated from the equation

_ I = C N

where N is the number of native species. The index allows for comparison between sites. A caveatto use of this system in central Indiana is that it was developed for the Chicago area, and althoughalmost all species located in our study were given quality index values by Swink and Wilhelm,habitat fidelity characteristics of the plants may be different in our area, which is located ca. 325 kmsouth of Chicago.

All plot centers have been marked with permanent markers (ca. 2 in2 brown post-consumer recycledhigh density polyethylene stakes, ca. 24 in. long pounded to within 6 in. of the ground). Markershave identifying 1 1/4 inch round brass tags labeled with site and plot information.

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

There were 134 species of plants identified at ECNP during the study. Table 1 is the master list ofall plants encountered both within study plots and outside the plots at ECNP. Only 9 (7% of total)plants seen were non-native species. No plants listed as rare, threatened or endangered by the Divi-sion of Nature Preserves (1994) were seen. Species lists for individual plot centers for tree-layerspecies and for herb-layer species are presented in Appendix A.

Swink and Wilhelm's Index of Conservatism (I) for Eagles Crest is 59.7. Swink and Wilhelm (1994)rate sites with I values of less than 20 as of essentially no significance, sites with values greater than35 as of sufficient conservatism and richness to be of profound importance from a regional perspec-tive and sites with values over 50 as extremely rare and of paramount importance from a naturalareas perspective. This value is much greater than the 46.0 value obtained for interior sites at SpringPond Nature Preserve, also within Eagle Creek Park.

A total of 655 stems with dbh of greater then 1 cm from 31 species occurred in the tree-layer. Sugarmaple was by far the most commonly encountered tree, accounting for 63.2 percent of the totalstems. This is reflected in its very high importance value (40.4), more than six times greater than thenext most important species (Table 2). Red and white oak, beech, elm and black cherry had impor-tance values between 4 and 6. For the oaks, a few large trees contributed significantly to this score;for elm, many small trees contributed. Other tree-level species were present in only a few plots and/or were very small (Table 2).

Structurally, ECNP is similar to the previously sampled Spring Pond Nature Preserve (SPNP) interms of the density of trees/ha but SPNP has almost 50% again as much basal area/dm (Table 3).This may be due to the recent loss of large, mature trees to wind throw at ECNP.

Histograms based on the sizes of individual trees indicate sugar maple, beech and elm are on theincrease, with many small stems present (Figure 5 a-c). By contrast, white oak and red oak wererepresented by larger sized trees with no saplings observed in the smallest size classes (Figure 5 d,e).Relatively recent increases in sugar maple density and limited regeneration of oaks have been ob-served in other midwestern forests (see Dolan, 1994 for a review). This change in composition ismost often attributed to region-wide fire suppression. Drawings of leaf, branch, and seed structurefor the five most commonly encountered trees in ECNP can be found in Figure 6 a-e.

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Scientific Name Common Name Coefficient of Conservatism (C)

Acer negundoc Box elder 0Acer saccharum Sugar maple 3Actaea alba White baneberry 7Adiantum pedatumc Maidenhair fern 10Aesculus glabra Ohio buckeye 3Agrimonia parviflora Small-flowered agrimony 7Alliaria petiolatab,c Garlic mustardAllium tricoccum Wild leek or ramps 7Ambrosia trifidac Giant ragweed 0Antennaria neglecta Field pussytoes 4Arisaema triphyllum Jack in the pulpit 4Asarum canadense Wild ginger 7Asimina triloba Paw paw 9Aster divaricatus White wood asterAthyrium thelypteroidesc Silvery glade fern 10Boehmeria cylindrica False nettles 2Botrychium virginianum Rattlesnake fern 6Cardamine concatenata Cut-leaf toothwort 5Carex communis Sedge 8Carex laxiflora Sedge 10Carpinus caroliniana Musclewood 8Carya cordiformis Bitternut hickory 7Carya glabra Pignut hickory 5Carya laciniosa Shellbark hickory 10Carya ovata Shagbark hickory 5Celtis occidentalis Hackberry 3Cercis canadensis Redbud 10Cinna arundinacea Wood reed 5Circaea quadrisulcatac Enchanter's nightshade 1Cirsium arvensea,c Canada thistleClaytonia virginica Spring-beauty 2Cornus florida Flowering dogwood 8Cornus sericea Red-osier dogwood 6Crataegus mollis Downy hawthorn 2Cryptotaenia canadensisc Honewort 2Cystopteris fragilis Brittle fern 6Dicentra cucullaria Dutchman's breeches 6Diospyros virginianac PersimmonEpifagus virginianac Beech-drops 10Erigenia bulbosa Harbinger of spring 10Erythronium americanum Trout-lily 8Eupatorium purpureum Sweet joe-pye weed 7Eupatorium rugosum White snakeroot 4Fagus grandifolia American beech 5Fraxinus americana White ash 5Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green ash 5Fraxinus quadrangulata Blue ash 8

Table 1. Master Species list for Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve.List is generated from field work completed in 1997.(Includes species observed off plots)

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Table 1. Continued.

Scientific Name Common Name Coefficient of Conservatism (C)

Galium aparine Cleavers 1Galium boreale Northern bedstraw 7Galium circaezans Wild licorice 10Galium tinctorium Tiny bedstraw 8Galium triflorum Fragrant bedstraw 5Geranium maculatum Wild geranium 4Geum canadense White avens 1Gymnocladus dioicac Kentucky coffee tree 8Helianthus decapetalus Thin-leaved sunflower 5Helianthus divaricatus Woodland sunflower 5Hepatica americana Liverleaf 9Hesperis matronalisb,c Dame’s rocketHydrophyllum appendiculatum Appendaged waterleaf 8Hydrophyllum canadense Broad-leaved waterleaf 10Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Largeleaf waterleafHypericum punctatum Spotted St. John’s-wort 4Impatiens capensis Spotted jewelweed 3Isopyrum biternatum False-rue anemone 8Jeffersonia diphylla Twinleaf 10Juglans cinereac Butternut 8Juglans nigra Black walnut 5Lindera benzoin Spice bush 7Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip tree (yellow poplar) 5Lonicera japonicab Japanese honeysuckleLonicera maackiib,c Amur honeysuckleLonicera tataricab Tatarica honeysuckleLysimachia lanceolata Lance-leaved loosestrife 7Matricaria matricaroidesc Pineapple weedMedeola virginiana Indiana cucumber-root 10Menispermum canadense Canada moonseed 6Mertensia virginicac Virginia bluebells 5Onoclea sensibilisc Sensitive fern 8Osmorhiza claytonii Sweet cicely 3Oxalis stricta Yellow woods sorrel 0Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeper 2Phacelia bipinnatifida Forest waterleafPhalaris arundinaceab,c,d Reed canary grassPhlox divaricata Spring phlox 5Phryma leptostachyac Lopseed 4Phytolacca americanac Pokeberry 1Platanus occidentalisc Sycamore 9Podophyllum peltatum May apple 4Polemonium reptans Greek valerian 5Polygonatum biflorum True Solomon’s seal 3Polygonum amphibium Water smartweed 4Polygonum virginianum Virginia knotweed 2Prenanthes altissima Wild lettuce 8Prunus serotina Black cherry 1

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Table 1. Continued.

Scientific Name Common Name Coefficient of conservatism (C)

Quercus alba White oak 5

Quercus macrocarpa Bur oak 5Quercus prinus Chestnut oakQuercus rubra Red oak 7Quercus velutina Black oak 6Ranunculus septentrionalis Swamp buttercup 5Ribes cynosbati Gooseberry 5Rosa carolina Pasture rose 5Rubus occidentalis Black raspberry 2Ruellia strepensc Smooth ruellia 8Sambucus canadensisc Common elderberry 1Sanguinaria canadensis Bloodroot 6Sanicula marilandica Black snakeroot 6Sassafras albidum Sassafras 3Senecio obovatus Ragwort 10Smilacina racemosa False Solomon’s-seal 3Smilax hispida Hispid greenbriar 5Solidago altissima Tall goldenrod 1Staphylea trifolia Bladder-nut 7Stellaria pubera Star chickweed 10Stylophorum diphyllumc Celandine-poppy 10Taraxacum officinalea DandelionThelypteris hexagonopterac Beech fern 10Tilia americana Basswood or linden 5Toxicodendron radicans Poison ivy 2Tradescantia subaspera Spiderwort 10Trillium recurvatum Prairie trillium 5Triosteum aurantiacum

var. aurantiacumc Horse gentian 5Ulmus rubra Slippery elm 4Urtica dioicaa Stinging nettlesUvularia grandiflora Large-flowered bellwort 7Valeriana pauciflora Large-flowered valerianViola pubescens Smooth yellow violet 5Viola rotundifolia Round-leaved yellow violetViola sagittata Arrow-leaved violet 7Viola striata Pale violet 6Vitis vulpina Winter grape 7

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a = alien b = noxious alien c = species observed off study plots d = most likely non-native escaped cultivar C = Coefficient of conservatism from Swink & Wilhelm (1994).

Table 2. Tree-level species composition in Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve.

Density Basal I.V.* Area

Species Common Name (trees/ha) (dm2/ha) (%)

Acer saccharum Sugar maple 575.00 580.79 40.40Quercus rubra Red oak 9.72 284.29 6.00Fagus grandifolia American beech 27.78 169.01 5.92Quercus alba White oak 11.11 232.28 5.35Ulmus rubra Slippery elm 55.56 25.22 5.15Prunus serotina Black cherry 26.39 58.90 3.50Quercus prinus Chestnut oak 13.89 96.60 3.09Cornus florida Flowering dogwood 30.56 14.94 2.93Tilia americana Basswood or linden 8.33 99.78 2.65Carya glabra Pignut hickory 12.50 51.24 2.58Lindera benzoin Spice bush 25.00 .56 2.35Celtis occidentalis Hackberry 15.28 17.27 2.27Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip tree 13.89 56.99 2.15Quercus velutina Black oak 4.17 75.38 1.81Fraxinus quadrangulata Blue ash 15.28 1.77 1.73Asimina triloba Paw paw 18.06 .52 1.67Platanus occidentalis Sycamore 1.39 83.14 1.55Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green ash 1.39 73.35 1.39Carya ovata Shagbark hickory 6.94 24.25 1.36Carpinus caroliniana Musclewood 9.72 2.12 1.10Fraxinus americana American ash 1.39 42.20 .88Cercis canadensis Redbud 5.56 4.93 .85Carya cordiformis Bitternut hickory 2.78 14.19 .62Juglans nigra Black walnut 2.78 5.20 .47Aesculus glabra Ohio buckeye 4.17 .53 .45Carya species Hickory seedling 1.39 1.39 .43Quercus macrocarpa Bur oak 1.39 5.38 .28Staphylea trifolia Bladder-nut 2.78 .03 .24Carya laciniosa Shellbark hickory 1.39 1.39 .22Acer negundo Box elder 1.39 .94 .21Sassafras albidum Sassafras 1.39 .21 .20Vitis vulpina Grapevine 1.39 .06 .19

*I.V.(Importance Value) = mean of relative density, relative basal area, and relative frequency.

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Table 3. Comparison of structure of tree-level vegetation in permanentplots at Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve (ECNP), with older-growth areasof Spring Pond Nature Preserve (SPNP).

ECNP SPNP

No. species 32 29

Density of trees/ha 910 1,018

Basal area/dm2/ha 2,038 2,896

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Figure 5 a-e. Frequency histograms of individual tree size for common species at Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve.

(5a.) (5b.)

(5c.)

(5d.) (5e.)

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Figure 6 a-e. Drawings of leaves, stems, and seeds of the five most commonly encountered trees in Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve. (From Fifty Trees of Indiana).

(6a.) Acer saccarum (Sugar maple) (6b.) Fagus grandifolia (American beech)

(6c.) Ulmus rubra (Slippery elm)

(6d.) Quercus alba (White oak) (6e.) Quercus rubra (Red oak)

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The most common plants in the herb-layer within ECNP were sugar maple seedlings (found in65.3% of plots with an average cover class of over 1.35). Other common herbs are listed in Table 4,including wild ginger, Jack-in-the-pulpit, brittle fern, appendaged waterleaf, jewelweed, false rue-anemone, Virginia creeper, Solomon's seal, black snakeroot, and stinging nettles. These are allcommon components of mixed upland hardwood forest communities of central Indiana.

Table 4. Common herb-layer species in Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve.Species with 20% overall frequency or greater are listed.A total of 93 species was sampled.

Avg. coverSpecies Common Name % frequency class

Acer saccharum Sugar maple 65.3 1.347Sanicula marilandica Black snakeroot 61.1 1.264Asarum canadense Wild ginger 51.4 1.097Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeper 48.6 .819Isopyrum biternatum False-rue anemone 44.4 .667Polygonatum biflorum True Solomon’s-seal 44.4 .556Urtica dioica Stinging nettles 44.4 1.236Viola sp. Violet 41.7 .583Podophyllum peltatum May-apple 40.3 1.069Impatiens capensis Spotted jewelweed 34.7 .736Cystopteris fragilis Brittle fern 31.9 .542Fraxinus sp. Ash seedling 31.9 .653Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Largeleaf waterleaf 31.9 .528Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-pulpit 30.6 .431Galium aparine Cleavers 27.8 .347Tradescantia subaspera Spiderwort 26.4 .500Cardamine concatenata Cut-leaved toothwort 25.0 .264Carya sp. Hickory seedling 25.0 .347Geranium maculatum Wild geranium 22.2 .486Boehmeria cylindrica False nettles 20.8 .472Lysimachia lanceolata Lance-leaved loosestrife 20.8 .250

Five alien species that can become invasive and may be management concerns were seen in theplots: Tatarian honeysuckle, Japanese honeysuckle, reed canary grass, dame's rocket and Canadathistle (Table 1). Garlic mustard and Amur honeysuckle were seen in one patch each outside studyplots and were removed. Other aliens seen off plots do not generally pose management concerns(dandelion and stinging nettles).

Table 5. Comparison of herb-layer vegetation in permanent plots at Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve (ECNP),with older-growth areas of Spring Pond Nature Preserve (SPNP).

ECNP SPNP

No. species 93 59

Richness 12.20 10.60

Evenness 0.96 0.95

Shannon-Weaver diversity 2.34 2.21

Composite statistics that summarize the amount of variation in the herb-layer vegetation at the plotlevel show very similar values for richness (the average number of taxa found in a plot), evennessand Shannon-Weaver diversity (both indices of species diversity based on the number of taxa andtheir cover class values) between ECNP and SPNP (Table 5). This is true in spite of the fact thatECNP had 93 species in the herb-layer while SPNP had only 59 within the preserve. So, althoughmore species were found over all at ECNP, individual plots had about the same number of taxa andsame range of cover types at each preserve. This may reflect a greater number of microhabitats atECNP, with plants occurring in patches of habitat rather than being equally frequent in all areas ofthe preserve.

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The data collected were also analyzed to determine potential effects of canopy cover type. Of thetotal 72 plots, 14 occurred in light gaps, 11 in border areas and 47 in closed canopy, non-gap cover(Table 6). Only eight species were found in the tree-layer in plots located in gaps (Table 7). Borderareas hosted 10 species while plots in the undisturbed non-gap locations had 20 different species.Sugar maple had the greatest importance value in all three canopy cover types.

Structurally, the herb-layer vegetation did not differ between plots of different canopy cover type(Table 8), although a greater number of species were found in the non-gap plots. However, speciescomposition did differ between plots in different canopy cover types (Table 9). In gaps, the mostcommon (found in >=50% of plots) species were spotted jewelweed, stinging nettles, black snaker-oot, false rue-anemone, cleavers, Solomon’s seal, sugar maple seedlings and spiderwort. In borders,sugar maple seedlings, stinging nettles and black snakeroot were the most common; in non-gap areasblack snakeroot, wild ginger and sugar maple seedlings.

Table 6. List of plots by canopy cover type - Gap, Border, or Non-gap.

Gap Border Non-gap

A2 A1 A3 E7 A9 A5 A4 E8 B8 A7 A6 E9 C1 A8 B1 F2 C2 B9 B2 F3 C3 D8 B3 F5 C4 D9 B4 F6 C5 F1 B5 F8 C6 F4 B6 F9 C7 F7 B7 G1 C8 H1 D1 G2 C9 D2 G3 H2 D3 G4 H3 D4 G5

D5 G6D6 G7D7 G8E1 G9E2 H4E3 H5E4 H6E5 H7E6 H8

H9

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Table 7. Tree-level species composition by location type, Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve.

GAP BORDER NON-GAP

Density Basal I.V. Density Basal I.V Density Basal I.V.* Area Area Area

Species Common Name (trees/ha)(dm2/ha (%) (trees/ha)(dm2/ha) (%) (trees/ha) (dm2/ha) (%)

Acer saccharum Sugar maple 292.86 54.03 57.67 145.45 19.25 39.90 608.51 93.94 60.38

Lindera benzoin Spice bush 85.71 1.95 12.59 9.09 .23 2.33 10.64 .22 1.32

Liriodendron

tulipifera Tulip tree 42.86 13.49 12.44 - - - 2.13 1.26 .69

Asimina triloba Paw paw 64.29 2.22 8.85 18.18 .21 4.42 4.26 .09 .78

Prunus serotina Black cherry 7.14 2.37 2.74 45.45 2.73 9.12 21.28 6.41 3.89Carya cordiformis Bitternut

hickory 7.14 1.09 2.18 - - - - - -

Carya glabra Pignut hickory 7.14 .25 1.81 - - - 4.26 .75 .94

Celtis occidentalis Hackberry 7.14 .06 1.72 36.36 1.38 8.40 10.64 .57 2.04

Ulmus rubra Slippery elm - - - 36.36 5.21 12.02 65.96 14.02 9.58Cornus florida Flowering

dogwood - - - 36.36 2.99 8.59 34.04 9.92 6.14

Fagus grandifolia American beech - - - 27.27 2.37 7.23 23.40 1.30 3.61Fraxinus

quardangulata Blue ash - - - 27.27 .32 5.29 14.89 .51 2.49

Cercis canadensis Redbud - - - 9.09 .64 2.71 4.26 .99 1.00Carpinus

caroliniana Musclewood - - - - - - 14.89 3.25 2.86

Aesculus glabra Ohio buckeye - - - - - - 6.38 .80 1.04Acer negundo Box elder - - - - - - 2.13 1.45 .73

Staphylea trifolia Bladder-nut - - - - - - 4.26 .05 .48

Sassafras albidum Sassafras - - - - - - 2.13 .32 .46Tilia americana Basswood or

linden - - - - - - 2.13 .28 .45

Carya ovata Shagbark hickory - - - - - - 2.13 .09 .40

Vitis vulpina Grapevine - - - - - - 2.13 .10 .40*I.V. (Importance Value) = mean of relative density, relative basal area, and relative frequency.

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Table 8. Comparison of structure of tree-level vegetation in permanent plots at Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve (ECNP), by canopy cover type.

Location No. Species Richness Evenness Diversity

Gap 56 13.1 0.951 2.338 Border 55 11.6 0.966 2.338

Non-gap 85 12.0 0.957 2.331

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Table 9. Common herb-layer species composition by location type, Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve. Species with20% overall frequency or greater are listed.

GAP BORDER NON-GAP

Avg. Avg. Avg. Percent cover Percent cover Percent cover

Species Common Name frequency class frequency class frequency class

Impatiens capensis Spotted jewelweed 78.6 1.207 27.3 .727 23.4 .383Urtica dioica Stinging nettles 71.4 2.143 54.5 1.545 34.0 .894Sanicula marilandica Black snakeroot 64.3 1.500 63.6 1.273 59.6 1.191Isopyrum biternatum False-rue anemone 57.1 .857 27.3 .273 44.7 .702Galium aparine Cleavers 57.1 .643 36.4 .636 - -Polygonatum biflorum True Solomon’s seal 57.1 .643 27.3 .674 42.5 .553Asarum canadense Wild ginger 50.0 2.143 45.5 1.000 53.2 1.170Podophyllum peltatum May apple 50.0 1.286 45.5 1.091 36.2 1.000Acer saccharum Sugar maple 50.0 1.214 81.8 1.455 65.6 1.362Tradescantia subaspera Spiderwort 50.0 1.000 - - 23.4 .426Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Appendaged waterleaf 35.7 1.000 45.5 1.182 - -Geranium maculatum Wild geranium 35.7 .786 - - 23.4 .511Viola rotundifolia Round-leaved

yellow violet 35.7 .571 36.4 .455 44.7 .617Cystopteris fragilis Brittle fern 35.7 .500 - - 34.0 .596Hydrophyllum canadense Broad-leaved waterleaf 28.6 1.286 - - - -Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeper 28.6 .714 45.5 .818 55.3 .851Rubus occidentalis Black raspberry 28.6 .714 - - - -Taraxacum officinale Dandelion 28.6 .357 - - - -Allium tricoccum Wild leek or ramps 21.4 .643 27.3 .818 - -Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip tree 21.4 .429 - - - -Smilacina racemosa False Solomon’s seal 21.4 .357 - - - -Helianthus divaricatus Woodland sunflower 21.4 .286 - - - -Ulmus rubra Slippery elm 21.4 .286 - - - -Polygonum amphibium Water smartweed 21.4 .214 - - - -Vitis vulpina Winter grape 21.4 .214 - - - -Fraxinus quadrangulata Blue ash - - 45.5 1.182 38.3 .723Carex laxiflora Sedge - - 36.4 .364 - -Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Largeleaf waterleaf - - 27.3 .636 38.3 .596Dicentra culullaria Dutchman’s breeches - - 27.3 .364 - -Arisaema triphyllum Jack in the pulpit - - - - 42.5 .596Cardamine concatenata Cut-leaf toothwort - - - - 31.9 .340Carex communis Sedge - - - - 27.7 .383Lysimachia lanceolata Lance-leaved loosestrife - - - - 27.7 .340Boehmeria cylindrica False nettles - - - - 25.5 .553Lindera benzoin Spice bush - - - - 21.3 .617

20

Ecologists often associate light gaps in forests with greater species diversity. The role of gaps incontributing/maintaining species diversity in an Appalachian old-growth forest was recently studiedby Busing and White (1997). They review ideas on how small-scale disturbances are thought toenhance diversity in forests. Two theories prevail: 1) array of regeneration niches/gap partitioning:species partition resources differently in gaps (i.e., have niches), therefore gaps provide more differ-ent habitats (can be influenced by gap size) vs. 2) gaps are just sites of regeneration and reflectdensities of available seed source trees. High stem density in gaps is the reason for high diversity ingaps.

Their study found gap partitioning might be working for some trees that are intolerant to shading, butmost of their data supported the density hypothesis. A null model attributing species richness levelsto stem density level largely explained the richness pattern in their study forest. At Eagles Crest, thegaps did not contribute significantly to diversity. Plots located in gaps had the same average numberof species present and these species were a subset of those found in border and closed canopy sites.The percentage of tree saplings of each species matched the percentage of trees of each species in thewoods as a whole with the exception of oaks. Throughout the woods, little oak regeneration wasseen, as discussed previously. Shrubs (paw paw and spicebush) however, were found at muchgreater density in gap areas, so light may be limiting for these plants in closed canopy sites. Shrubsalso may be able to respond more quickly to habitat changes following gap creation (the blowdown); it may take longer for tree species to exploit recently formed gaps. Therefore, our results arein general agreement with Busing and White (1997).

RECOMMENDATIONS

1) The vegetation at Eagle’s Crest is of a very high quality. In order to continue to monitor forchanges in habitat quality that may result from the big blow down, the vegetation should beresampled every several years. Patterns in the vegetation not now apparent may become so as moretime passes since the big blow-down event.

2) The invasive exotic species Japanese honeysuckle, bush honeysuckle, garlic mustard, Canadathistle, dame’s rocket and reed canary grass should be removed (although the grass is more likely tobe a problem in wetter areas only). Monitoring should continue at ECNP to scout for these plants,several of which were found only in light gaps, and they should be removed when first spotted.They are not common or extensive now and are much more difficult to control once established.

21

LITERATURE CITED

Busing, R.T. and P.S. White. 1997. Species diversity and small-scale disturbance in an old-growthtemperate forest: a consideration of gap partitioning concepts. Oikos 78:562-568.

Dolan, R.W. 1994. Effects of a prescribed burn on tree- and herb-layer vegetation in a post oak(Quercus stellata) dominated flatwoods. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science103:25-32.

Dolan, R.W. and E.S. Menges. 1989. Vegetation and environment in adjacent post oak (Quercusstellata) flatwoods and barrens in Indiana. American Midland Naturalist 122:329-338.

Gleason, H.A. and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of the vascular plants of northeastern United Statesand adjacent Canada. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 910 p.

Indiana Department of Natural Resources. 1993. Indiana’s rare plants and animals: A checklist ofendangered and threatened species. Indianapolis, IN 126 p.

McCune, B. 1991. Multivariate analysis on the PC-ORD system. Oregon State University,Corvallis, OR. 123 p.

United States Department of Agriculture Soil conservation Service. 1978. Soil survey of MarionCounty, Indiana.

Appendix A. Herb- and tree-layer species by plot for Eagle’s Crest Nature Preserve.

Output from Program SUMMARY

Herb-layer data, Eagle’s Crest

Sample unit: PlotA1 Value Code Species Code Name

3.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 4.00 13 Asimina triloba ASITRI 2.00 39 Dicentra cucullaria DICCUC 2.00 50 Galium aparine GALAPA 3.00 62 Hydrophyllum appendiculatum HYDAPP 3.00 64 Hydrophyllum macrophyllum HYDMAC 1.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 2.00 109 Smilacina racemosa SMIRAC 3.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO


2.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 2.00 50 Galium aparine GALAPA 3.00 62 Hydrophyllum appendiculatum HYDAPP 2.00 66 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 2.00 86 Phlox divaricata PHLDIV 1.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 2.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 3.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO


1.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 3.00 8 Allium tricoccum ALLTRI 2.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 1.00 19 Cardamine concatenata CARCON 2.00 50 Galium aparine GALAPA 1.00 55 Geranium maculatum GERMAC 1.00 58 Helianthus decapetalus HELDEC 2.00 64 Hydrophyllum macrophyllum HYDMAC 3.00 66 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 1.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 3.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 4.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO


2.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 1.00 30 Cinna arundinacea CINARU 1.00 33 Claytonia virginica CLAVIR 2.00 38 Cystopteris fragilis CYSFRA 1.00 39 Dicentra cucullaria DICCUC 1.00 49 Fraxinus sp. FRASPP 1.00 50 Galium aparine GALAPA 2.00 62 Hydrophyllum appendiculatum HYDAPP 2.00 66 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 1.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 2.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 1.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 1.00 122 Ulmus sp. ULMSPP 2.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO 1.00 129 Viola striata VIOSTR

22


2.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.00 8 Allium tricoccum ALLTRI 2.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 1.00 19 Cardamine concatenata CARCON 1.00 20 Carex laxiflora CARLAX 1.00 33 Claytonia virginica CLAVIR 2.00 38 Cystopteris fragilis CYSFRA 1.00 39 Dicentra cucullaria DICCUC 2.00 50 Galium aparine GALAPA 2.00 62 Hydrophyllum appendiculatum HYDAPP 2.00 64 Hydrophyllum macrophyllum HYDMAC 2.00 66 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 1.00 81 Osmorhiza claytoni OSMCLA 1.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 2.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 1.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 2.00 122 Ulmus sp. ULMSPP 4.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO 1.00 129 Viola striata VIOSTR


2.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 2.00 17 Boehmeria cylindrica BOECYL 1.00 19 Cardamine concatenata CARCON 2.00 55 Geranium maculatum GERMAC 2.00 64 Hydrophyllum macrophyllum HYDMAC 2.00 66 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 1.00 81 Osmorhiza claytoni OSMCLA 1.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 2.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 2.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 3.00 119 Tradescantia subaspera TRASUB


2.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 2.00 38 Cystopteris fragilis CYSFRA 1.00 39 Dicentra cucullaria DICCUC 1.00 43 Erythronium americanum ERYAME 1.00 50 Galium aparine GALAPA 3.00 62 Hydrophyllum appendiculatum HYDAPP 1.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 2.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 2.00 119 Tradescantia subaspera TRASUB 3.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO


2.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 3.00 8 Allium tricoccum ALLTRI 2.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 2.00 17 Boehmeria cylindrica BOECYL 1.00 33 Claytonia virginica CLAVIR 2.00 50 Galium aparine GALAPA 3.00 62 Hydrophyllum appendiculatum HYDAPP 2.00 64 Hydrophyllum macrophyllum HYDMAC 3.00 66 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 1.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 2.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 2.00 84 Phacelia bipinnatifida PHABIP 4.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 2.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 2.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR

23


2.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 1.00 38 Cystopteris fragilis CYSFRA 2.00 39 Dicentra cucullaria DICCUC 1.00 50 Galium aparine GALAPA 1.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 2.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 2.00 109 Smilacina racemosa SMIRAC 3.00 124 Uvularia grandiflora UVUGRA

Sample unit: PlotB1 Value Code Species Code Name

1.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 3.00 8 Allium tricoccum ALLTRI 2.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 1.00 19 Cardamine concatenata CARCON 1.00 21 Carex spp. CARSPP 2.00 58 Helianthus decapetalus HELDEC 2.00 64 Hydrophyllum macrophyllum HYDMAC 2.00 66 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 1.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 93 Prenanthes altissima PREALT 1.00 103 Rosa sp. ROSSPP 4.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 2.00 119 Tradescantia subaspera TRASUB 1.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP


2.00 11 Arisaema triphyllum ARITRI 2.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 1.00 19 Cardamine concatenata CARCON 1.00 28 Celtis occidentalis CELOCC 2.00 38 Cystopteris fragilis CYSFRA 1.00 42 Erigenia bulbosa ERIBUL 2.00 55 Geranium maculatum GERMAC 1.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 1.00 76 Lysimachia lanceolata LYSLAN 2.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 1.00 113 Stellaria pubera STEPUB 3.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO 1.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP


4.00 8 Allium tricoccum ALLTRI 1.00 11 Arisaema triphyllum ARITRI 2.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 1.00 19 Cardamine concatenata CARCON 2.00 38 Cystopteris fragilis CYSFRA 1.00 42 Erigenia bulbosa ERIBUL 1.00 50 Galium aparine GALAPA 2.00 55 Geranium maculatum GERMAC 3.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 2.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 4.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO

24


1.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.00 8 Allium tricoccum ALLTRI 1.00 11 Arisaema triphyllum ARITRI 3.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 1.00 33 Claytonia virginica CLAVIR 2.00 38 Cystopteris fragilis CYSFRA 1.00 43 Erythronium americanum ERYAME 1.00 45 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA 3.00 47 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA 1.00 58 Helianthus decapetalus HELDEC 2.00 64 Hydrophyllum macrophyllum HYDMAC 1.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 2.00 73 Lonicera japonica LONJAP 1.00 82 Oxalis stricta OXASTR 1.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 2.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 2.00 118 Toxicodendron radicans TOXRAD 2.00 119 Tradescantia subaspera TRASUB 1.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP


4.00 8 Allium tricoccum ALLTRI 1.00 11 Arisaema triphyllum ARITRI 3.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 1.00 19 Cardamine concatenata CARCON 1.00 27 Carya sp. CARSPP 2.00 38 Cystopteris fragilis CYSFRA 3.00 55 Geranium maculatum GERMAC 2.00 62 Hydrophyllum appendiculatum HYDAPP 1.00 66 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 1.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 1.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 1.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 3.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO


1.00 11 Arisaema triphyllum ARITRI 2.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 1.00 50 Galium aparine GALAPA 3.00 55 Geranium maculatum GERMAC 1.00 66 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 2.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 3.00 71 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 2.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 4.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO 2.00 124 Uvularia grandiflora UVUGRA

25


4.00 8 Allium tricoccum ALLTRI 2.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 1.00 19 Cardamine concatenata CARCON 1.00 38 Cystopteris fragilis CYSFRA 3.00 55 Geranium maculatum GERMAC 2.00 64 Hydrophyllum macrophyllum HYDMAC 2.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 2.00 76 Lysimachia lanceolata LYSLAN 4.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 1.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 2.00 109 Smilacina racemosa SMIRAC 2.00 113 Stellaria pubera STEPUB 1.00 120 Trillium recurvatum TRIREC 1.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP


2.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 1.00 19 Cardamine concatenata CARCON 1.00 21 Carex spp. CARSPP 2.00 66 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 2.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 1.00 78 Menispermum canadense MENCAN 1.00 86 Phlox divaricata PHLDIV 3.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 1.00 109 Smilacina racemosa SMIRAC 1.00 118 Toxicodendron radicans TOXRAD 1.00 122 Ulmus sp. ULMSPP 3.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO 1.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP


2.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 4.00 8 Allium tricoccum ALLTRI 1.00 21 Carex spp. CARSPP 2.00 47 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA 1.00 50 Galium aparine GALAPA 2.00 62 Hydrophyllum appendiculatum HYDAPP 3.00 66 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 1.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 3.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 4.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO

26

Sample unit: PlotC1 Value Code Species Code Name

4.00 8 Allium tricoccum ALLTRI 1.00 50 Galium aparine GALAPA 3.00 62 Hydrophyllum appendiculatum HYDAPP 4.00 66 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 3.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 2.00 109 Smilacina racemosa SMIRAC 4.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO


3.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 3.00 17 Boehmeria cylindrica BOECYL 5.00 63 Hydrophyllum canadense HYDCAN 3.00 66 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 3.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO


2.00 8 Allium tricoccum ALLTRI 1.00 34 Cornus florida CORFLO 1.00 50 Galium aparine GALAPA 4.00 62 Hydrophyllum appendiculatum HYDAPP 2.00 66 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 3.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 2.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 1.00 119 Tradescantia subaspera TRASUB 4.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO


2.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.00 44 Eupatorium sp. EUPSPP 2.00 55 Geranium maculatum GERMAC 4.00 63 Hydrophyllum canadense HYDCAN 3.00 66 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 1.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 2.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 90 Polygonum sp. POLSPP 1.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 1.00 94 Prunus serotina PRUSER 3.00 104 Rubus sp. RUBSPP 2.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 2.00 115 Taraxacum officinale TAROFF 2.00 119 Tradescantia subaspera TRASUB 3.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO 1.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP


2.00 3 Actea alba ACTALB 1.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 2.00 38 Cystopteris fragilis CYSFRA 1.00 50 Galium aparine GALAPA 2.00 55 Geranium maculatum GERMAC 2.00 62 Hydrophyllum appendiculatum HYDAPP 3.00 66 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 2.00 72 Liriodendron tulipifera LIRTUL 2.00 75 Lonicera unknown 1 LONUNK 1.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 3.00 104 Rubus sp. RUBSPP 3.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 3.00 111 Solidago sp. SOLSPP 1.00 115 Taraxacum officinale TAROFF 2.00 119 Tradescantia subaspera TRASUB 4.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO

27


3.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.00 13 Asimina triloba ASITRI 1.00 20 Carex laxiflora CARLAX 1.00 38 Cystopteris fragilis CYSFRA 1.00 44 Eupatorium sp. EUPSPP 1.00 50 Galium aparine GALAPA 2.00 55 Geranium maculatum GERMAC 1.00 59 Helianthus divaricatus HELDIV 2.00 62 Hydrophyllum appendiculatum HYDAPP 2.00 66 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 1.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 3.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 3.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 1.00 90 Polygonum sp. POLSPP 1.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 3.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 4.00 119 Tradescantia subaspera TRASUB 1.00 122 Ulmus sp. ULMSPP 2.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO 2.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP


1.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 3.00 13 Asimina triloba ASITRI 1.00 32 Cirsium sp. CIRSPP 3.00 55 Geranium maculatum GERMAC 2.00 64 Hydrophyllum macrophyllum HYDMAC 2.00 66 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 4.00 84 Phacelia bipinnatifida PHABIP 1.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 1.00 102 Ribes cynosbati RIBCYN 1.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 1.00 115 Taraxacum officinale TAROFF 1.00 119 Tradescantia subaspera TRASUB 2.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO 1.00 131 Vitis sp. VITSPP


2.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 3.00 8 Allium tricoccum ALLTRI 1.00 20 Carex laxiflora CARLAX 1.00 38 Cystopteris fragilis CYSFRA 1.00 50 Galium aparine GALAPA 2.00 55 Geranium maculatum GERMAC 2.00 59 Helianthus divaricatus HELDIV 2.00 60 Hepatica americana HEPAME 1.00 64 Hydrophyllum macrophyllum HYDMAC 2.00 66 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 1.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 3.00 72 Liriodendron tulipifera LIRTUL 3.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 2.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 1.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 1.00 100 Quercus sp. QUESPP 2.00 102 Ribes cynosbati RIBCYN 2.00 104 Rubus sp. RUBSPP 3.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 2.00 111 Solidago sp. SOLSPP 1.00 115 Taraxacum officinale TAROFF 1.00 119 Tradescantia subaspera TRASUB 2.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP 1.00 131 Vitis sp. VITSPP

28


3.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.00 5 Aesculus glabra AESGLA 2.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 1.00 19 Cardamine concatenata CARCON 2.00 27 Carya sp. CARSPP 1.00 30 Cinna arundinacea CINARU 2.00 38 Cystopteris fragilis CYSFRA 3.00 47 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA 1.00 59 Helianthus divaricatus HELDIV 1.00 60 Hepatica americana HEPAME 1.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 1.00 72 Liriodendron tulipifera LIRTUL 1.00 75 Lonicera unknown 1 LONUNK 2.00 77 Medeola virginica MEDVIR 2.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 2.00 84 Phacelia bipinnatifida PHABIP 4.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 1.00 90 Polygonum sp. POLSPP 1.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 2.00 94 Prunus serotina PRUSER 2.00 104 Rubus sp. RUBSPP 1.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 3.00 119 Tradescantia subaspera TRASUB 2.00 122 Ulmus sp. ULMSPP 2.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO 2.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP

Sample unit: PlotD1 Value Code Species Code Name

4.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.00 11 Arisaema triphyllum ARITRI 2.00 21 Carex spp. CARSPP 1.00 29 Cercis canadensis CERCAN 1.00 64 Hydrophyllum macrophyllum HYDMAC 3.00 68 Jeffersonia diphylla JEFDIP 2.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 1.00 94 Prunus serotina PRUSER 1.00 105 Sanguinaria canadensis SANCAN 1.00 111 Solidago sp. SOLSPP 1.00 131 Vitis sp. VITSPP


2.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.00 6 Agrimonia parviflora AGRPAR 1.00 21 Carex spp. CARSPP 1.00 30 Cinna arundinacea CINARU 1.00 64 Hydrophyllum macrophyllum HYDMAC 2.00 82 Oxalis stricta OXASTR 1.00 90 Polygonum sp. POLSPP 3.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 2.00 109 Smilacina racemosa SMIRAC 1.00 128 Viola sagittata VIOSAG

29


3.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.00 19 Cardamine concatenata CARCON 1.00 58 Helianthus decapetalus HELDEC 1.00 59 Helianthus divaricatus HELDIV 1.00 64 Hydrophyllum macrophyllum HYDMAC 1.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 1.00 68 Jeffersonia diphylla JEFDIP 1.00 81 Osmorhiza claytoni OSMCLA 1.00 100 Quercus sp. QUESPP 1.00 110 Smilax hispida SMIHIS 1.00 119 Tradescantia subaspera TRASUB


5.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.00 11 Arisaema triphyllum ARITRI 1.00 38 Cystopteris fragilis CYSFRA 1.00 49 Fraxinus sp. FRASPP 1.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 4.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 2.00 111 Solidago sp. SOLSPP 1.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO


3.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.00 19 Cardamine concatenata CARCON 1.00 30 Cinna arundinacea CINARU 1.00 76 Lysimachia lanceolata LYSLAN 2.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 1.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 1.00 122 Ulmus sp. ULMSPP


3.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.00 19 Cardamine concatenata CARCON 3.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 1.00 93 Prenanthes altissima PREALT 1.00 100 Quercus sp. QUESPP 1.00 105 Sanguinaria canadensis SANCAN


4.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.00 19 Cardamine concatenata CARCON 2.00 36 Crataegus sp. CRASPP 2.00 49 Fraxinus sp. FRASPP 1.00 82 Oxalis stricta OXASTR 2.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 2.00 111 Solidago sp. SOLSPP

30

31


1.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.00 10 Antennaria neglecta ANTNEG 1.00 14 Aster species #1 ASTRSP 1.00 28 Celtis occidentalis CELOCC 2.00 49 Fraxinus sp. FRASPP 1.00 82 Oxalis stricta OXASTR 1.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 1.00 111 Solidago sp. SOLSPP 1.00 115 Taraxacum officinale TAROFF


1.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.00 20 Carex laxiflora CARLAX 3.00 21 Carex spp. CARSPP 2.00 49 Fraxinus sp. FRASPP 1.00 51 Galium circaezans GALCIR 1.00 65 Hypericum punctatum HYPPUN 1.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 1.00 82 Oxalis stricta OXASTR 1.00 93 Prenanthes altissima PREALT 1.00 108 Senecio obovatus SENOBO 1.00 109 Smilacina racemosa SMIRAC 1.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP

Sample unit: PlotE1 Value Code Species Code Name

2.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.00 30 Cinna arundinacea CINARU 1.00 35 Cornus sericea CORSER 1.00 45 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA 2.00 49 Fraxinus sp. FRASPP 1.00 52 Galium tinctorium GALTIN 2.00 64 Hydrophyllum macrophyllum HYDMAC 1.00 76 Lysimachia lanceolata LYSLAN 1.00 82 Oxalis stricta OXASTR 2.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 90 Polygonum sp. POLSPP 1.00 105 Sanguinaria canadensis SANCAN 3.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 1.00 108 Senecio obovatus SENOBO 1.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO 2.00 125 Uvularia grandiflora UVUPER


1.00 11 Arisaema triphyllum ARITRI 1.00 17 Boehmeria cylindrica BOECYL 3.00 21 Carex spp. CARSPP 1.00 27 Carya sp. CARSPP 1.00 49 Fraxinus sp. FRASPP 2.00 52 Galium tinctorium GALTIN 1.00 59 Helianthus divaricatus HELDIV 3.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 2.00 71 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 1.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 2.00 104 Rubus sp. RUBSPP 1.00 108 Senecio obovatus SENOBO 1.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP

32


3.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 2.00 21 Carex spp. CARSPP 2.00 45 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA 4.00 49 Fraxinus sp. FRASPP 1.00 76 Lysimachia lanceolata LYSLAN 2.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 2.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 2.00 104 Rubus sp. RUBSPP 2.00 113 Stellaria pubera STEPUB 2.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP


1.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.00 3 Actea alba ACTALB 1.00 11 Arisaema triphyllum ARITRI 1.00 17 Boehmeria cylindrica BOECYL 2.00 49 Fraxinus sp. FRASPP 1.00 64 Hydrophyllum macrophyllum HYDMAC 2.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 1.00 76 Lysimachia lanceolata LYSLAN 1.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 2.00 104 Rubus sp. RUBSPP 1.00 118 Toxicodendron radicans TOXRAD 1.00 131 Vitis sp. VITSPP


2.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 1.00 20 Carex laxiflora CARLAX 1.00 21 Carex spp. CARSPP 1.00 22 Carpinus caroliniana CARCAR 1.00 27 Carya sp. CARSPP 1.00 34 Cornus florida CORFLO 1.00 58 Helianthus decapetalus HELDEC 2.00 71 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 1.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 86 Phlox divaricata PHLDIV 3.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 1.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 1.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 1.00 111 Solidago sp. SOLSPP 1.00 118 Toxicodendron radicans TOXRAD 1.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP 1.00 131 Vitis sp. VITSPP


2.00 11 Arisaema triphyllum ARITRI 3.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 1.00 14 Aster species #1 ASTRSP 2.00 17 Boehmeria cylindrica BOECYL 1.00 45 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA 1.00 49 Fraxinus sp. FRASPP 1.00 53 Galium triflorum GALTRI 1.00 55 Geranium maculatum GERMAC 1.00 56 Geum canadense GEUCAN 3.00 71 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 1.00 82 Oxalis stricta OXASTR 2.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 91 Plygonum virginianum POLVIR 1.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 2.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP 2.00 131 Vitis sp. VITSPP

33


4.00 17 Boehmeria cylindrica BOECYL 1.00 21 Carex spp. CARSPP 2.00 49 Fraxinus sp. FRASPP 1.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 1.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 91 Plygonum virginianum POLVIR 2.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 2.00 111 Solidago sp. SOLSPP 2.00 118 Toxicodendron radicans TOXRAD 1.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO 1.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP


1.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.00 11 Arisaema triphyllum ARITRI 1.00 27 Carya sp. CARSPP 1.00 38 Cystopteris fragilis CYSFRA 3.00 64 Hydrophyllum macrophyllum HYDMAC 1.00 84 Phacelia bipinnatifida PHABIP 2.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 2.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 1.00 120 Trillium recurvatum TRIREC 1.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP


1.00 3 Actea alba ACTALB 1.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 2.00 17 Boehmeria cylindrica BOECYL 1.00 44 Eupatorium sp. EUPSPP 1.00 64 Hydrophyllum macrophyllum HYDMAC 4.00 71 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 1.00 91 Plygonum virginianum POLVIR 1.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 2.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 2.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO 1.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP

Sample unit: PlotF1 Value Code Species Code Name

1.00 18 Botrychium sp. BOTSPP 1.00 20 Carex laxiflora CARLAX 4.00 49 Fraxinus sp. FRASPP 1.00 76 Lysimachia lanceolata LYSLAN 2.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 91 Plygonum virginianum POLVIR 3.00 104 Rubus sp. RUBSPP 1.00 105 Sanguinaria canadensis SANCAN 2.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 1.00 111 Solidago sp. SOLSPP 2.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO 2.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP

34


1.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.00 11 Arisaema triphyllum ARITRI 3.00 17 Boehmeria cylindrica BOECYL 1.00 27 Carya sp. CARSPP 1.00 29 Cercis canadensis CERCAN 1.00 49 Fraxinus sp. FRASPP 1.00 56 Geum canadense GEUCAN 1.00 76 Lysimachia lanceolata LYSLAN 1.00 82 Oxalis stricta OXASTR 1.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 122 Ulmus sp. ULMSPP 1.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP


1.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.00 21 Carex spp. CARSPP 1.00 28 Celtis occidentalis CELOCC 1.00 76 Lysimachia lanceolata LYSLAN 1.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 86 Phlox divaricata PHLDIV 3.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL


2.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.00 20 Carex laxiflora CARLAX 1.00 45 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA 2.00 49 Fraxinus sp. FRASPP 1.00 51 Galium circaezans GALCIR 1.00 56 Geum canadense GEUCAN 1.00 59 Helianthus divaricatus HELDIV 1.00 76 Lysimachia lanceolata LYSLAN 3.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 3.00 94 Prunus serotina PRUSER 2.00 102 Ribes cynosbati RIBCYN 1.00 113 Stellaria pubera STEPUB 1.00 122 Ulmus sp. ULMSPP 1.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP


1.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.00 11 Arisaema triphyllum ARITRI 1.00 21 Carex spp. CARSPP 1.00 34 Cornus florida CORFLO 1.00 76 Lysimachia lanceolata LYSLAN 2.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 3.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 1.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 1.00 94 Prunus serotina PRUSER 1.00 100 Quercus sp. QUESPP 1.00 113 Stellaria pubera STEPUB

35


1.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.00 11 Arisaema triphyllum ARITRI 1.00 27 Carya sp. CARSPP 1.00 28 Celtis occidentalis CELOCC 1.00 51 Galium circaezans GALCIR 1.00 59 Helianthus divaricatus HELDIV 2.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 3.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 1.00 91 Plygonum virginianum POLVIR 1.00 103 Rosa sp. ROSSPP 2.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 1.00 118 Toxicodendron radicans TOXRAD 2.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP


1.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.00 45 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA 3.00 49 Fraxinus sp. FRASPP 3.00 71 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 2.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 2.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 3.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 1.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP


2.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.00 17 Boehmeria cylindrica BOECYL 1.00 19 Cardamine concatenata CARCON 3.00 49 Fraxinus sp. FRASPP 3.00 52 Galium tinctorium GALTIN 2.00 76 Lysimachia lanceolata LYSLAN 1.00 81 Osmorhiza claytoni OSMCLA 2.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 2.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 2.00 91 Plygonum virginianum POLVIR 1.00 111 Solidago sp. SOLSPP 2.00 113 Stellaria pubera STEPUB 2.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP 1.00 131 Vitis sp. VITSPP


2.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.00 18 Botrychium sp. BOTSPP 1.00 34 Cornus florida CORFLO 3.00 49 Fraxinus sp. FRASPP 1.00 51 Galium circaezans GALCIR 2.00 76 Lysimachia lanceolata LYSLAN 2.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 2.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 1.00 94 Prunus serotina PRUSER 1.00 113 Stellaria pubera STEPUB 1.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP

36

Sample unit: PlotG1 Value Code Species Code Name

3.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.00 5 Aesculus glabra AESGLA 1.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 3.00 17 Boehmeria cylindrica BOECYL 4.00 38 Cystopteris fragilis CYSFRA 1.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 1.00 81 Osmorhiza claytoni OSMCLA 1.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 2.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO


2.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 3.00 55 Geranium maculatum GERMAC 2.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 4.00 71 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 2.00 81 Osmorhiza claytoni OSMCLA 1.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 2.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 2.00 119 Tradescantia subaspera TRASUB 3.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO


1.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.00 11 Arisaema triphyllum ARITRI 2.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 1.00 20 Carex laxiflora CARLAX 1.00 30 Cinna arundinacea CINARU 1.00 38 Cystopteris fragilis CYSFRA 1.00 51 Galium circaezans GALCIR 1.00 64 Hydrophyllum macrophyllum HYDMAC 1.00 66 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 1.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 3.00 71 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 1.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 1.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 2.00 119 Tradescantia subaspera TRASUB


1.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 1.00 21 Carex spp. CARSPP 1.00 38 Cystopteris fragilis CYSFRA 2.00 49 Fraxinus sp. FRASPP 1.00 51 Galium circaezans GALCIR 1.00 64 Hydrophyllum macrophyllum HYDMAC 2.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 3.00 71 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 1.00 76 Lysimachia lanceolata LYSLAN 1.00 81 Osmorhiza claytoni OSMCLA 1.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 3.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 2.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP

37


2.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.00 11 Arisaema triphyllum ARITRI 2.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 1.00 19 Cardamine concatenata CARCON 1.00 20 Carex laxiflora CARLAX 1.00 27 Carya sp. CARSPP 1.00 28 Celtis occidentalis CELOCC 2.00 38 Cystopteris fragilis CYSFRA 1.00 49 Fraxinus sp. FRASPP 3.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 1.00 76 Lysimachia lanceolata LYSLAN 2.00 91 Polygonum virginianum POLVIR 1.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 2.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP


2.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.00 11 Arisaema triphyllum ARITRI 1.00 19 Cardamine concatenata CARCON 3.00 49 Fraxinus sp. FRASPP 1.00 50 Galium aparine GALAPA 1.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 2.00 81 Osmorhiza claytoni OSMCLA 1.00 86 Phlox divaricata PHLDIV 1.00 89 Polemonium reptans POLREP 2.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 1.00 105 Sanguinaria canadensis SANCAN 2.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 2.00 119 Tradescantia subaspera TRASUB 4.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO 1.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP


1.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 1.00 38 Cystopteris fragilis CYSFRA 1.00 64 Hydrophyllum macrophyllum HYDMAC 2.00 66 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 3.00 71 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 3.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 1.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 4.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO 2.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP


2.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 3.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 1.00 38 Cystopteris fragilis CYSFRA 3.00 49 Fraxinus sp. FRASPP 1.00 50 Galium aparine GALAPA 2.00 71 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 2.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 84 Phacelia bipinnatifida PHABIP 3.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 3.00 102 Ribes cynosbati RIBCYN 2.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR

38


3.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 4.00 13 Asimina triloba ASITRI 2.00 19 Cardamine concatenata CARCON 1.00 21 Carex spp. CARSPP 3.00 38 Cystopteris fragilis CYSFRA 1.00 49 Fraxinus sp. FRASPP 1.00 50 Galium aparine GALAPA 1.00 66 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 2.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 1.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 2.00 84 Phacelia bipinnatifida PHABIP 1.00 86 Phlox divaricata PHLDIV 1.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 1.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 1.00 110 Smilax hispida SMIHIS 4.00 112 Staphylea trifolia STATRI 2.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP

Sample unit: PlotH1 Value Code Species Code Name

3.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.00 11 Arisaema triphyllum ARITRI 2.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 1.00 15 Eupatorium rugosum EUPRUG 3.00 17 Boehmeria cylindrica BOECYL 1.00 56 Geum canadense GEUCAN 2.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 91 Plygonum virginianum POLVIR 1.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 1.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 1.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO


2.00 14 Aster species #1 ASTRSP 2.00 15 Eupatorium rugosum EUPRUG 1.00 21 Carex spp. CARSPP 4.00 63 Hydrophyllum canadense HYDCAN 2.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 2.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 3.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 1.00 131 Vitis sp. VITSPP


2.00 11 Arisaema triphyllum ARITRI 3.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 1.00 14 Aster species #1 ASTRSP 2.00 15 Eupatorium rugosum EUPRUG 1.00 50 Galium aparine GALAPA 5.00 63 Hydrophyllum canadense HYDCAN 2.00 66 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 2.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL


4.00 63 Hydrophyllum canadense HYDCAN 2.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO

39


3.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.00 3 Actea alba ACTALB 2.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 2.00 15 Eupatorium rugosum EUPRUG 4.00 63 Hydrophyllum canadense HYDCAN 1.00 66 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 1.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 1.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 1.00 93 Prenanthes altissima PREALT 3.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR


3.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 3.00 17 Boehmeria cylindrica BOECYL 1.00 30 Cinna arundinacea CINARU 1.00 62 Hydrophyllum appendiculatum HYDAPP 2.00 63 Hydrophyllum canadense HYDCAN 2.00 64 Hydrophyllum macrophyllum HYDMAC 2.00 66 Impatiens capensis IMPCAP 2.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 3.00 88 Podophyllum peltatum PODPEL 3.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 1.00 119 Tradescantia subaspera TRASUB 2.00 123 Urtica dioica URTDIO


2.00 11 Arisaema triphyllum ARITRI 1.00 20 Carex laxiflora CARLAX 1.00 21 Carex spp. CARSPP 2.00 55 Geranium maculatum GERMAC 1.00 59 Helianthus divaricatus HELDIV 2.00 64 Hydrophyllum macrophyllum HYDMAC 1.00 67 Isopyrum biternatum ISOBIT 3.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 2.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 1.00 100 Quercus sp. QUESPP 1.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 1.00 110 Smilax hispida SMIHIS 2.00 119 Tradescantia subaspera TRASUB 1.00 125 Uvularia grandiflora UVUPER 1.00 130 Viola sp. VIOSPP


2.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.00 11 Arisaema triphyllum ARITRI 2.00 15 Eupatorium rugosum EUPRUG 2.00 17 Boehmeria cylindrica BOECYL 1.00 21 Carex spp. CARSPP 1.00 30 Cinna arundinacea CINARU 2.00 38 Cystopteris fragilis CYSFRA 1.00 59 Helianthus divaricatus HELDIV 1.00 64 Hydrophyllum macrophyllum HYDMAC 1.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 3.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 2.00 119 Tradescantia subaspera TRASUB

40


3.00 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 3.00 11 Arisaema triphyllum ARITRI 3.00 12 Asarum canadense ASACAN 2.00 17 Boehmeria cylindrica BOECYL 2.00 21 Carex spp. CARSPP 1.00 30 Cinna arundinacea CINARU 1.00 49 Fraxinus sp. FRASPP 2.00 55 Geranium maculatum GERMAC 3.00 59 Helianthus divaricatus HELDIV 2.00 78 Menispermum canadense MENCAN 3.00 83 Parthenocissus quinquefolia PARQUI 3.00 89 Polemonium reptans POLREP 2.00 92 Polygonatum biflorum POLBIF 3.00 106 Sanicula marilandica SANMAR 1.00 111 Solidago sp. SOLSPP 1.00 119 Tradescantia subaspera TRASUB 1.00 131 Vitis sp. VITSPP

Total number of species occurrences in data = 877

41

Tree-layer data by plot for Eagle’s Crest

Sample unit: PlotA1 BA(sq.dm) DBH(cm) Code Species Code Name

.0 1.4 4 Asimina triloba ASITRI .0 1.8 23 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 19.2 49.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.0 11.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC


.0 1.4 4 Asimina triloba ASITRI .0 2.0 4 Asimina triloba ASITRI .0 1.3 23 Lindera benzoin LINBEN .0 1.1 23 Lindera benzoin LINBEN .6 9.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .7 9.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC


.7 9.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .7 9.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 3.0 19.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC


.0 2.4 37 Vitis vulpina VITVUL 1.9 15.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 4.8 24.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.2 12.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 4.7 24.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 4.3 23.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 5.8 27.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC


4.5 24.0 26 Prunus serotina PRUSER 1.0 11.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.2 16.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 5.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 6.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.9 19.1 35 Tilia americana TILAME


3.4 20.7 26 Prunus serotina PRUSER 2.3 17.2 9 Carya ovata CAROVA 1.0 11.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 3.4 20.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC

42


.2 5.4 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 16.8 46.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 6.5 28.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 37.6 69.2 27 Quercus alba QUEALB


22.9 54.0 17 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA 2.0 15.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 6.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 31.7 63.5 27 Quercus alba QUEALB


1.4 13.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .8 9.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 52.8 82.0 19 Fraxinus pennsylvanica FRAPEN

Sample unit: PlotB1 BA(sq.dm) DBH(cm) Code Species Code Name

.0 1.3 20 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA .0 1.3 20 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA .0 1.4 26 Prunus serotina PRUSER 4.2 23.2 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 4.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 5.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .7 9.3 1 Acer negundo ACENEG


7.5 31.0 17 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA 11.5 38.3 17 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA .0 2.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 4.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 12.0 39.1 11 Celtis occidentalis CELOCC


.0 1.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.1 2 Acer saccharu ACESAC 2.7 18.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 5.0 5 Carpinus caroliniana CARCAR .3 5.9 5 Carpinus caroliniana CARCAR 10.5 36.5 6 Carya cordiformis CARCOR

43


.0 1.2 20 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA 1.0 11.3 20 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA .1 2.8 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .0 2.4 13 Cornus florida CORFLO 4.6 24.3 13 Cornus florida CORFLO .1 2.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 49.6 79.5 30 Quercus rubra QUERUB 59.9 87.3 25 Platanus occidentalisPLAOCC


1 3.8 20 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA .1 3.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .6 8.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 5.5 26.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 22.9 54.0 30 Quercus rubra QUERUB


10.1 35.8 6 Carya cordiformis CARCOR .0 2.0 17 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA .0 1.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.3 13.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 3.9 22.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC


.0 2.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 5.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 5.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 5.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 4.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 6.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 6.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.0 11 Celtis occidentalis CELOCC 20.2 50.7 30 Quercus rubra QUERUB


.0 1.1 23 Lindera benzoin LINBEN .1 3.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 4.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.7 2 Acer sacchar ACESAC


.0 1.1 20 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA .0 1.0 20 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA 53.5 82.5 17 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA .0 1.0 4 Asimina triloba ASITRI .2 5.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 4.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC

44

Sample unit: PlotC1 BA(sq.dm) DBH(cm) Code Species Code Name

.0 1.1 23 Lindera benzoin LINBEN .0 1.6 23 Lindera benzoin LINBEN .8 10.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.6 14.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.3 24 Liriodendron tulipifera LIRTUL


.0 1.7 23 Lindera benzoin LINBEN .0 1.3 23 Lindera benzoin LINBEN .0 2.2 23 Lindera benzoin LINBEN .0 2.2 23 Lindera benzoin LINBEN .0 2.4 23 Lindera benzoin LINBEN .0 2.2 23 Lindera benzoin LINBEN .2 5.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 4.4 6 Carya cordiformis CARCOR


4.3 23.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 4.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 4.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 5.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC


32.2 64.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 13.2 41.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC

45


.0 1.4 23 Lindera benzoin LINBEN .3 5.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC


.9 10.9 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .0 2.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .4 6.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.2 12.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 4.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 3.6 21.3 29 Quercus prinus QUEPRI 3.1 19.9 29 Quercus prinus QUEPRI


.0 1.7 4 Asimina triloba ASITRI .1 2.8 4 Asimina triloba ASITRI .0 2.4 4 Asimina triloba ASITRI .0 2.4 4 Asimina triloba ASITRI .0 2.0 4 Asimina triloba ASITRI .0 1.6 4 Asimina triloba ASITRI 1.2 12.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC


1.3 13.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .4 7.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 5.7 27.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .4 7.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC


.3 6.5 26 Prunus serotina PRUSER 3.7 21.8 29 Quercus prinus QUEPRI .0 2.2 4 Asimina triloba ASITRI .1 4.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .6 8.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.0 11 Celtis occidentalis CELOCC .0 2.1 7 Carya glabra CARGLA

46

Sample unit: PlotD1 BA(sq.dm) DBH(cm) Code Species Code Name

.0 2.4 12 Cercis canadensis CERCAN .3 6.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 5.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 5.5 26.4 27 Quercus alba QUEALB 30.4 62.2 35 Tilia americana TILAME 2.3 17.1 7 Carya glabra CARGLA


.2 5.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 5.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.7 11 Celtis occidentalis CELOCC 1.7 14.8 29 Quercus prinus QUEPRI 10.5 36.5 27 Quercus alba QUEALB


1.5 14.0 29 Quercus prinus QUEPRI .4 7.3 12 Cercis canadensis CERCAN .4 7.1 13 Cornus florida CORFLO .1 3.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 5.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.7 3 Aesculus glabra AESGLA


2.3 17.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 5.9 27.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.7 18.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 4.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC

47


.0 1.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 4.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 5.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .7 9.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .5 8.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 3.6 21.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 6.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .6 8.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 6.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .5 7.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 5.3 26.0 29 Quercus prinus QUEPRI 16.8 46.2 30 Quercus rubra QUERUB 33.2 65.0 31 Quercus velutina QUEVEL


19.2 49.4 30 Quercus rubra QUERUB 3.8 21.9 7 Carya glabra CARGLA .0 1.0 20 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA .0 1.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 4.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 4.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 5.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .9 10.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 5.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 5.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 6.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 5.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 3.4 20.7 29 Quercus prinus QUEPRI 5.2 25.8 29 Quercus prinus QUEPRI

48


.3 6.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 6.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 4.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 5.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC


.0 1.5 17 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA .1 3.3 13 Cornus florida CORFLO 3.5 21.0 9 Carya ovata CAROVA .0 2.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 4.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .8 10.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 16.3 45.5 31 Quercus velutina QUEVEL


1.1 12.0 13 Cornus florida CORFLO 38.5 70.0 27 Quercus alba QUEALB 3.9 22.2 28 Quercus macrocarpa QUEMAC .0 1.0 11 Celtis occidentalis CELOCC

Sample unit: PlotE1 BA(sq.dm) DBH(cm) Code Species Code Name

2.1 16.2 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 4.0 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .4 7.0 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .4 7.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 5.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.3 12.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .5 8.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 15.5 44.4 27 Quercus alba QUEALB


.1 3.5 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .3 6.6 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 4.0 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 4.6 24.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 3.5 21.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .7 9.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 6.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 3.5 21.1 29 Quercus prinus QUEPRI 38.5 70.0 29 Quercus prinus QUEPRI 3.6 21.3 7 Carya glabra CARGLA

49


.0 1.3 17 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA .2 4.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.1 16.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 6.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 4.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 5.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.8 15.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 36.5 68.2 24 Liriodendron tulipifera LIRTUL


3.9 22.3 17 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA .0 1.6 23 Lindera benzoin LINBEN .1 2.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 4.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.6 14.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 4.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 4.8 24.8 31 Quercus velutina QUEVEL


.2 4.4 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .4 6.8 13 Cornus florida CORFLO .2 4.6 13 Cornus florida CORFLO .2 5.1 13 Cornus florida CORFLO .1 3.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 6.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .7 9.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .4 6.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 53.7 82.7 30 Quercus rubra QUERUB .3 6.4 5 Carpinus caroliniana CARCAR .1 3.3 5 Carpinus caroliniana CARCAR


.4 7.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC


.2 4.6 13 Cornus florida CORFLO .4 7.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 6.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 6.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .8 10.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .8 9.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 4.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 25.1 56.5 27 Quercus alba QUEALB .4 6.8 5 Carpinus caroliniana CARCAR


1.0 11.3 8 Carya laciniosa CARLAC 30.4 62.2 18 Fraxinus americana FRAAME .1 3.5 17 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA .5 8.2 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 4.2 23.2 9 Carya ovata CAROVA .4 7.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.5 13.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .4 6.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 5.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 7.9 31.7 7 Carya glabra CARGLA


30.9 62.7 26 Prunus serotina PRUSER .1 2.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.8 19.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC

Sample unit: PlotF1 BA(sq.dm) DBH(cm) Code Species Code Name

.0 1.5 20 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA .1 2.8 26 Prunus serotina PRUSER .0 2.1 26 Prunus serotina PRUSER .1 2.8 26 Prunus serotina PRUSER .3 5.9 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .0 2.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.6 18.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.9 11 Celtis occidentalis CELOCC .1 2.9 11 Celtis occidentalis CELOCC 35.5 67.2 35 Tilia americana TILAME

50

51


.3 6.3 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 3.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .4 6.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .4 7.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 5.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .5 8.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 4.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 5.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .8 10.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC


.1 4.1 35 Tilia americana TILAME .1 3.5 17 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA .0 2.1 26 Prunus serotina PRUSER .0 2.2 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .0 2.5 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .0 1.9 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .7 9.3 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 3.2 13 Cornus florida CORFLO .0 1.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 4.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .4 7.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 5.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 6.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 4.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 6.1 7 Carya glabra CARGLA


.1 3.7 26 Prunus serotina PRUSER .0 2.1 26 Prunus serotina PRUSER .0 2.5 13 Cornus florida CORFLO .1 3.2 13 Cornus florida CORFLO .1 3.8 13 Cornus florida CORFLO 4.2 23.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC


.0 2.3 17 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA .6 9.0 13 Cornus florida CORFLO .5 8.1 13 Cornus florida CORFLO .3 6.1 13 Cornus florida CORFLO .1 2.6 13 Cornus florida CORFLO .6 8.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 5.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC

52


2.7 18.5 22 Juglans nigra JUGNIG 2.0 15.9 35 Tilia americana TILAME 1.0 11.3 35 Tilia americana TILAME .0 2.5 17 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA .4 7.1 26 Prunus serotina PRUSER .1 3.6 26 Prunus serotina PRUSER .2 5.3 26 Prunus serotina PRUSER .4 7.5 26 Prunus serotina PRUSER .0 2.5 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .0 1.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 4.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 4.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 4.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .6 8.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.6 11 Celtis occidentalis CELOCC


.0 1.7 17 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA .2 5.3 17 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA 30.2 62.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.5 11 Celtis occidentalis CELOCC


.0 2.2 17 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA .0 2.1 17 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA .0 1.6 17 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA .5 8.3 26 Prunus serotina PRUSER .3 6.0 13 Cornus florida CORFLO 7.4 30.7 9 Carya ovata CAROVA .2 5.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 4.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 6.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 5.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC


.0 2.0 20 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA .1 3.0 17 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA .1 3.9 17 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA .7 9.2 26 Prunus serotina PRUSER .1 2.7 26 Prunus serotina PRUSER .5 8.3 26 Prunus serotina PRUSER .4 7.3 13 Cornus florida CORFLO .3 6.0 13 Cornus florida CORFLO .3 6.0 13 Cornus florida CORFLO .5 7.8 13 Cornus florida CORFLO .0 2.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .4 7.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 4.4 33 Sassafras albidum SASALB

53

Sample unit: PlotG1 BA(sq.dm) DBH(cm) Code Species Code Name

.0 2.0 4 Asimina triloba ASITRI .0 1.5 23 Lindera benzoin LINBEN .2 4.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.7 14.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC


.0 1.7 23 Lindera benzoin LINBEN .0 1.7 23 Lindera benzoin LINBEN 3.5 21.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .8 9.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.7 14.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 3.0 19.5 27 Quercus alba QUEALB


.8 10.2 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .0 2.3 9 Carya ovata CAROVA 1.5 14.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .8 9.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 17.9 47.7 7 Carya glabra CARGLA


1.8 15.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.7 18.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 4.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 5.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.5 13.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.6 14.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC

54


.0 1.6 23 Lindera benzoin LINBEN .1 2.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 6.1 27.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.1 16.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 6.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 0 2.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.6 14.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC


3.0 19.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .4 7.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.4 13.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 4.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 22.3 53.3 30 Quercus rubra QUERUB


.0 1.3 11 Celtis occidentalis CELOCC 16.6 46.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 5.7 27.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 14.9 43.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 3.6 21.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC


21.5 52.3 17 Fagus grandifolia FAGGRA .6 8.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .4 7.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 5.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 5.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.3 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC


.7 9.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.1 12.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.5 13.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 20.3 50.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.2 34 Staphylea trifolia STATRI .0 1.3 34 Staphylea trifolia STATRI

55

Sample unit: PlotH1 BA(sq.dm) DBH(cm) Code Species Code Name

.0 1.1 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 2.8 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 3.0 12 Cercis canadensis CERCAN


.9 10.5 24 Liriodendron tulipifera LIRTUL 1.1 12.1 24 Liriodendron tulipifera LIRTUL .8 9.9 24 Liriodendron tulipifera LIRTUL .2 4.6 24 Liriodendron tulipifera LIRTUL 3.0 19.6 12 Cercis canadensis CERCAN .0 2.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 2.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC


.4 7.2 24 Liriodendron tulipifera LIRTUL .1 3.4 24 Liriodendron tulipifera LIRTUL .4 7.5 24 Liriodendron tulipifera LIRTUL


.6 8.7 24 Liriodendron tulipifera LIRTUL .1 2.8 7 Carya glabra CARGLA 3.0 19.4 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 2.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 4.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.4 13.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 4.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 5.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC


1.9 15.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 6.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 4.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .5 7.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 5.0 3 Aesculus glabra AESGLA .2 4.5 3 Aesculus glabra AESGLA 1.1 11.9 7 Carya glabra CARGLA 1.1 11.6 22 Juglans nigra JUGNIG

56


.1 2.8 11 Celtis occidentalis CELOCC .0 2.5 20 Fraxinus quadrangulata FRAQUA .1 3.0 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .7 9.7 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .0 1.4 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .0 2.5 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .7 9.1 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 2.9 19.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 5.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 2.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC


.0 2.0 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 3.8 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .3 6.0 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .3 6.4 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB 3.5 21.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 34.2 66.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC


.4 6.7 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .2 4.6 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 2.7 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .1 3.2 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .2 4.9 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .6 8.4 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .0 2.3 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .0 2.5 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .0 1.6 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 3.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .1 4.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .4 6.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .2 4.8 5 Carpinus caroliniana CARCAR


.1 3.7 5 Carpinus caroliniana CARCAR .5 8.0 36 Ulmus rubra ULMRUB .0 1.1 4 Asimina triloba ASITRI .0 2.4 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 6.0 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.2 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .3 5.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC 1.3 12.9 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.8 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.5 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC .0 1.7 2 Acer saccharum ACESAC

Total number of species occurrences in data = 655

eagle creek park eagles crest 1997 floral inventory

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eagles crestnature preserve

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