INTERANNUAL DYNAMICS OF THE BLACK SEA ANOXIC ZONE BOUNDARY IN CONNECTION WITH CLIMATIC VARIABILITY

E. V. YAKUSHEV, O.I.PODYMOVSouthern Branch of P.P.Shirshov Institute

of Oceanology, Gelendzhik, Russia

o Gelendzhik

16.50

16.25

16.00

15.75

15.50

15.25

15.00

14.75

14.50

14.25

14.00

13.75

, kg

/m3

R/V "Akvanavt", st #1331, Lat: 44 516 Lon: 37 872, July 02, 2002

T O2

H2S

NO3

NO2

NH4

PO4

Si

S

Mn

Xm iss

CH 4

Oxic/anoxic interface

O2 and NO3

dissappears

H2S, NH4, CH4 and Mn2+ onsets

Changeability (maxNO3, minPO4, grad H2S, grad Mn2+)

16.50

16.25

16.00

15.75

15.50

15.25

15.00

14.75

14.50

14.25

14.00

13.75

, k

g/m

3

0 100 200 300O2,M

0 2 4 6 8 10M n,M

0 4 8 12 16 20

H 2S,M

0 1 2 3 4 5N O3,M

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25N O2,M

0 4 8 12 16N H 4,M

0 2 4 6 8

PO4,M

0 20 40 60 80 100Si,M

7 9 11 13 15 17T, oC

17 18 19 20 21 22S, ppt

0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2C H 4, M

R/V "Akvanavt", st #1487, Lat: 44 415 Lon: 37 317, January 26, 2004

T O2

H2S

NO3

NO2

NH4

PO4

Si

S

Mn

CH4

is situated below CIL with winter aeration

Stability ib the density field

•region?•season?•eddies?•climate?

Data of Shirshov Institute of Oceanology expeditions :

about 1400 Stations1984-1990 1991-2004

16.3

16.2

16.1

16.0

15.9

H 2S

100

200

300

400

O 2, M: =14.45-14.60 kg/m 3

Interannual variability of H2S onset and averaged O2 content in CIL

Mean winter air temperature(Gelendzhik)

T in the CIL core in summer-autumn period (Krivosheya et al., 2002)

Oscillations of NAO indices for winter period

16.0

15.9

15.8

19941995

19961997

19981999

20002001

20022003

2004

16.1

16.0

15.9

15.8

19841985

19861987

19881989

19901991

19921993

19941995

19961997

19981999

20002001

20022003

2004

16.1

16.0

15.9

19971998

19992000

20012002

20032004

16.3

16.2

16.1

16.0

15.9

19841985

19861987

19881989

19901991

19921993

19941995

19961997

19981999

20002001

20022003

2004

CH 4

Mn tot

NH 4

H 2S

100

200

300

400

19841985

19861987

19881989

19901991

19921993

19941995

19961997

19981999

20002001

20022003

2004

O 2, M: =14.45-14.60 kg/m 3

Interannual variability of H2S, NH4,Mn, CH4 onsets and averaged O2 content in CIL

Scheme of oxygen balance in the Black Sea

Anoxic boundary position is an indicator of climatic changes.

Interannual oscillations of the Black Sea H2S boundary at about 0.05-0.10 kg/m3 (5-10 m).

The change of volume of the oxic waters for about 5-10%, where the Black Sea oxic ecosystem is situated.

Such oscillations are vitally significant and should be studied.

CONCLUSIONS:

STUDY OF THE SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF HYDROCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN THE NORTHEASTERN BLACK SEA AS AN EXAMPLE OF GELENDZHIK AND GOLUBAYA BAYS

E. V. YAKUSHEV, E. A. ANTIPOVA, V. K. CHASOVNIKOV, I. A. KOVALEVA

Southern Branch of P.P.Shirshov Institute of Oceanology,

Gelendzhik, Russia

o Gelendzhik

Gelendzhik bay

restricted water exchange with the sea.

resort area ( 2 million men in 2004 )

SB SIO occupies the SB SIO occupies the area of 18 hectares area of 18 hectares (marked with green).(marked with green).

Blue Bay

38°03'

44°34'

12

Gelendzhik

Gelendzhik bayGolubaya bay

Sampling in 2 points every week since 1999

Gelendzhik bay surveys in January and June

O2, pH, Alk, PO4, Ptot, Si, NO3, NO2, NH4, Ntot,Urea, Mn, H2S, CH4, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu , Oil products, surfactants, phyto-, zoo-, bacteria- plankton

Position:

Winter 2001 survey

3 8 .0 3 3 8 .0 4 3 8 .0 5 3 8 .0 6 3 8 .0 74 4 .5 5

4 4 .5 6

4 4 .5 7

4 4 .5 8

3 8 .0 3 3 8 .0 5 3 8 .0 74 4 .5 5

4 4 .5 6

4 4 .5 7

4 4 .5 8

3 8 .0 3 3 8 .0 5 3 8 .0 74 4 .5 5

4 4 .5 6

4 4 .5 7

4 4 .5 8

3 8 .0 3 3 8 .0 5 3 8 .0 74 4 .5 5

4 4 .5 6

4 4 .5 7

4 4 .5 8

3 8 .0 3 3 8 .0 5 3 8 .0 74 4 .5 5

4 4 .5 6

4 4 .5 7

4 4 .5 8

3 8 .0 3 3 8 .0 5 3 8 .0 74 4 .5 5

4 4 .5 6

4 4 .5 7

4 4 .5 8

Salinity, psu

Si , μM

Porg, M

NH4 , μM

NO3 , μM

Phyto, mg/m3

38.03 38.05 38.07

1

2

3

4

5

67

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21 22

23

24

25

26

27

Р асп р ед ел ен и е н еф теп р о д у к то в н а п о в ер х н о сти (2 5 .0 6 .2 0 0 1 ) Р асп р ед ел ен и е н еф теп р о д у к то в н а п о в ер х н о сти (0 3 .0 2 .2 0 0 5 )38.03 38.05 38.07

44.55

44.56

44.57

44.58

12

3

4

5

6

78

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 3

1 4

1 5

1 6

1 7

1 8

1 9

2 0

2 12 2

2 32 4

Oil products on the surface 25.06.2001 (left) and 03.02.2005 (right).

extremely complex and unstable hydrophysical structure Spot-like distribution.

local maximums of increased concentrations can be observed in different parts of the bay and affect its ecosystem.

Seasonal changes in 20001

23

4

5

6

7

8

9

1011

1213

1415

16

1718

19

20

21

22

2324

38

°02

'

38

°00

'

38

°04

'

38

°06

'

38

°08

'

44°34 '

44°32 '

44°30 '

Г елен дж и кска я б ухт а

Г о луба я б ухт а

Р азр ез 3

Р азр ез 2

Р азр ез 5

Р азр ез 4

Р азр ез 1

160

240

320

400

G elen d zh ik b ay

G o lu b ay a b ay

O 2 (uM )

7.8

8

8.2

8.4

8.6

pH

3

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8A lk

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

P O 4 (uM )

04

.01

.1

0.0

1.

17

.01

.2

4.0

1.

31

.01

.0

7.0

2.

14

.02

.2

1.0

2.

28

.02

.0

6.0

3.

15

.03

.2

1.0

3.

28

.03

.1

8.0

4.

24

.04

.0

3.0

5.

10

.05

.1

8.0

5.

23

.05

.3

1.0

5.

05

.06

.2

0.0

6.

27

.06

.0

4.0

7.

11

.07

.2

1.0

7.

27

.07

.0

2.0

8.

09

.08

.1

6.0

8.

23

.08

.3

0.0

8.

06

.09

.1

3.0

9.

20

.09

.2

7.0

9.

03

.10

.1

1.1

0.

18

.10

.2

5.1

0.

01

.11

.0

8.1

1.

15

.11

.2

3.1

1.

28

.11

.0

6.1

2.

14

.12

.2

1.1

2.

27

.12

.

00.4

0.8

1.2

1.62

2.4P org (uM )

0

10

20

30

40S i (u M )

0

4

8

12

16

20N O 3 (u M )

0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6N O 2 (u M )

04.0

1.10

.01.

17.0

1.24

.01.

31.0

1.07

.02.

14.0

2.21

.02.

28.0

2.06

.03.

15.0

3.21

.03.

28.0

3.18

.04.

24.0

4.03

.05.

10.0

5.18

.05.

23.0

5.31

.05.

05.0

6.20

.06.

27.0

6.04

.07.

11.0

7.21

.07.

27.0

7.02

.08.

09.0

8.16

.08.

23.0

8.30

.08.

06.0

9.13

.09.

20.0

9.27

.09.

03.1

0.11

.10.

18.1

0.25

.10.

01.1

1.08

.11.

15.1

1.23

.11.

28.1

1.06

.12.

14.1

2.21

.12.

27.1

2.

0

2

4

6

G elen d zh ik b ay

G o lu b ay a b ay

N H 4 (u M )

seasonality

rains

CGel>CGol

P-limited

150

200

250

300

350

400

150

200

250

300

350

400

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

150

200

250

300

350

400

2000

2003

2004

2000

2003

2004

I I I III IV V V I V II V III IX X X I X II

I I I I II IV V V I V II V III IX X X I X II

I II I II IV V V I V II V III IX X X I X II

I II III IV V V I V II V III IX X X I X II

I II III IV V V I V II V III IX X X I X II

I I I I II IV V V I V II V III IX X X I X II

Seasonal variability of dissolved oxygen (left) and phosphate (right) in Gelendzhik (squares) and Golubaya (crosses) bays in 2000, 2003, 2004.

O2PO4

waterspout events:PO4>6.5 М, NO3>18 М, NH4>24 М

1.5 mln in 2000, 2.0 mln in 2004:Increased eutrophication?

Gelendzhik Bay is a local source of pollution connected with resort business:

Increased influx of man-made pollutants (heavy metals, oil, surfactants)

Phosphate doesn’t limit photosynthesis during the summer period.

Eutrophication: increased nutrient (N, P) influx in inorganic and organic forms.

Abnormal ecosystem development. Appearance of toxic species.