e-issn: p-issn: ethno-medicine system of gadag district

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Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2016; 5(4): 109-121

E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2016; 5(4): 109-121 Received: 15-05-2016 Accepted: 16-06-2016 Shiddamallayya N Asst. Research Officer (Botany), Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Metabolic Disorders, G.C.P. Annexe, Ashoka Pillar, Jayanagar Ist Block, Bangalore Karnataka, India. Rama Rao V Research Officer (Botany), Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Metabolic Disorders, G.C.P. Annexe, Ashoka Pillar, Jayanagar Ist Block, Bangalore Karnataka, India. Doddamani SH Research Officer, Scientist - 2 (Ayurveda), Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Metabolic Disorders, G.C.P. Annexe, Ashoka Pillar, Jayanagar Ist Block, Bangalore Karnataka, India. Giri SK Research Officer, Scientist - 2 (Ayurveda), Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Metabolic Disorders, G.C.P. Annexe, Ashoka Pillar, Jayanagar Ist Block, Bangalore Karnataka, India. Shubhashree MN Research Officer (Ayurveda), Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Metabolic Disorders, G.C.P. Annexe, Ashoka Pillar, Jayanagar Ist Block, Bangalore Karnataka, India. Sulochana Bhat Research officer, Scientist - 3 (Ayurveda) Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Metabolic Disorders, G.C.P. Annexe, Ashoka Pillar, Jayanagar Ist Block, Bangalore Karnataka, India. Correspondence: Shiddamallayya N Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Metabolic Disorders, G.C.P. Annexe, Ashoka Pillar, Jayanagar Ist Block, Bangalore Karnataka, India.

Ethno-medicine system of Gadag district, Karnataka,

India

Shiddamallayya N, Rama Rao V, Doddamani SH, Giri SK, Shubhashree MN and Sulochana Bhat Abstract Ethno-Medico Botanical survey work has been carried out in rural areas of Gadag district, Karnataka during 2013-14. Gadag district is located in the central part of northern Karnataka between 15.4167°N and 75.6167°E. Kappath hills of Gadag district is a treasure of medicinal plants. Of total geographical area of the district, 7 percent is covered by forest and a large part of it belongs to the shrub category. Local traditional healers are playing an important role on health issues of the populace. Survey team interacted with age old people of villages and traditional healers and collected 63 folk claims of common lifestyle ailments like Animal bite and poisoning, Ano-rectal, Bone and joints, Calculus, Gastro intestinal tract, Gynecological, Metabolic disorders, Neurological disorders, Respiratory system, Skin, Others and Veterinary. The collected data has been represented systematically in tabular form and photographs of medicinal plants with traditional healers have been presented in this paper. Keywords: Traditional, Ethno-Medicine System, Folklore, Healthcare, Medicinal plants 1. Introduction Indian Vedas and Upanishads are the evidence of origin of traditional system of medicine and also bridging with modern medicine. Traditional medicine systems are well flourished in our country and spreading fragrance in other countries too. This system of medicine is passing from generation to generation and used to treat various health ailments of human and animal. India is blessed with diverse flora and fauna. Most of the population is living in the rural area and dependent on rainfed agriculture for their sustenance. The populaces staying in remote villages are not aware of modern facilities and not in a position to afford the expenditure to treat health related ailments. These people will prepare their own simple herbal formulation to treat general health issues, for serious issues family head will consult the local traditional healers. In urban area, modern system of medicine spoiled the total health system of the urban population by symptomatic treatment. Medicated people are leading their life with lots of side effects and other complications. Due to this urban population is slowly diverting towards our own traditional system of medicine even though it may need long time to heal the ailment. Karnataka is known for the practice of traditional system of medicine. Western and Eastern Ghats are contributing a lot of raw material for the preparation various medicine to take care of public health. Most of the traditional practitioner use medicinal plants available in their surroundings field and of nearest forest. Ethno-Botanical literature of Gadag district reveals that, documentation of local health Tradition is limited to some selected area such as Ramana et al. (2008) have worked on floristic biodiversity of Magadi wetland area in Gadag and recorded 52 plants of these 44 are used medicinal; Sidanand and Kotresha (2011) [2] have conducted study on alien flora of Gadag district and enlisted 141 plants species belonging 112 genera in 40 families with medicinal and other economical uses; Harihar and Kotresha (2012) [3] have documented 27 medicinal plants belonging to 25 genera and 17 families from Kappat hills used by local people for herbal preparations; Sidanand and Kotresha (2014) [4] have enlisted 133 tree species belonging to 105 genera of 42 families in the forests of Gadag district and Shiva kumar and parashurama (2015) have interviewed the folk healers and collected 114 medicinal plant information from Kappathgudda region of Gadag district of which 16 are recorded used as medicinal. People of the Gadag district area have a belief that unique medicinal plant available in the Kappathgudda and other forest due to unique climatic and geographical condition.

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Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry

In supporting that many more traditional healers from Karnataka and other states are visiting the forest in all seasons for crude drugs collection and taking the shelter in the temples and Maths. It is the present need to understand the use of locally available medicinal plants in various formulations to control health related issues. Hence, the present work has been under taken to understand the plants used by local people to cure various diseases. 2. Study area The study area of Gadag district is found between 15° 12ʹ and 15° 56ʹ N and 75° 16ʹ and 76° 2ʹ E. An estimated geographical area is 4657.00 sq Kms and it is found to be an expanded tract of Deccan plateau. The forest cover includes reserved forest (32799.21) and protected forests (268.67) hectares of land. This area encompasses various districts in different positions on the north by Bagalkot, south by Haveri, east by Koppal and west by Haveri district. Gadag district is having 04 taluks such as Gadag, Mundargi, Naragund, Ron and Shirahatti (Figure no. 01). The major water sources are Malaprabha and Tungabhadra rivers. Gadag area contains auriferous minerals such as Gold and Iron present in Kappath hills, Kabool, Yatakatti, Attikatti, Sangli and Hosur. Soil found in this zone is deep loamy with humus and productivity of soil is inadequate due to less rain fall. South west monsoon kind of climate is observed. The temperature varies from 19° to 20° during December to January and maximum temperature reached till 42° in the month of May. The rain fall is unreliable and it is varies from 450 mm to 650 mm during April and May. The forests of this area are ascended from uneven and low hill ranges of about 500 feet above the plain land. Most of the district place is treeless and floristic diversity is appeared to be green patchy areas such as Shirahatti, Mundargi and Kappath hills. Some historical evidence revealed more focussed data on Kappath hills for having domicile of religious belief due to Kappath malleshwara temple in the hills and it is considered as sacred place to perform meditation for saints in olden days. Till today thousands of people visit Kappath hills temple during “Shravana masa” and strong belief among the people that, every people who visit temple should carry one small twig of any tree in Kappath hills on their return journey to their home for the wellbeing of themselves and their communities. The medicinal plants of Kappath hills has more importance and it is said to be the presence of rich minerals such as gold and iron, this contributes robust strength for the existence and curative properties present in the available medicinal plants. Most of the neighbour nati vaidyas mainly depended on Kappathgudda hills for the collection of medicinal plants. At present only few medicinal plants are still available in the Kappath hills remaining plant species are almost extinct. Kappath hills had a pleasant fog or moist kind of climate like southern hill stations like Ooty and Kodaikanal. The valleys of Kappath hills had very good vegetation in and around Kadkol, Doni, Chikkawaddatti, Bagewadi and Kelur villages. The vegetation of these villages shows some dry deciduous sort of vegetation. Local people depended on forest areas for grazing and supply of stones and building materials by mining activities.

Fig 1: Map of the study area of Gadag, Karnataka 3. Methodology Ethno Medico-Botanical survey work has been carried out in the forests of Gadag district during 2013-14 to enlist flora of medicinal plants available and plants used for the preparation various formulations for the control and management of diseases by local people. This work has been carried out by interviewing of traditional healers and age people of the villages to duly filling of format provided by CCRAS, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India. Followed by, visiting of forest along with traditional knowledge provider and forest staff to locate the medicinal plants for collection of herbarium specimen and photography. Collected herbarium specimens were botanically identified and authenticated with the help of floras Gamble (1967a, 1967b & 1967c) [6, 7, 8], Marigowda and Krishnaswamy (1968) [9], Ramaswamy and Razi (1973) [10], Saldanha and Nicolson (1976) [11], Rao and Razi (1981) [12], Yoganarasimhan et al (1982) [13], Sharma et al (1984) [14], Saldanha (1984) [\15], Murthy and Yoganarasimhan (1990) [16], Saldanha (1996) [17], Singh (1988a & 1988b) [18, 19], Seetharam et al (2000) [20], Ramaswamy et al (2001) [21], Bhat (2004), Gowda (2004) [23], Manjunatha et al (2004) [24] and Rao (2008) [25]. Identified herbarium specimens were cross verified with herbarium specimens of RRCBI, Survey of Medicinal Plants Unit, RARIMD, Jayanagar 1st Block, Bengaluru. The Nomenclature of each species has been updated as per the ICBN principles and rules of Bennet (1987) [27]. Recorded data has been

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indexed and systematically organized as system, name of the disease, ingredients, part used, method of preparation and mode of administration. Botanically identified medicinal plant photographs are arranged alphabetically in the plates. 4. Results and Discussion Documentation of local health traditions of Gadag is having formulations to treat to 63 diseases from various systems like animal bite and poisoning (5), Ano-rectal (4), Bone and joints (6), calculus (2), gastro intestinal tract (8), gynecological (5),

metabolic disorders (2), Neurological disorders (1), Respiratory system (3), Skin (10) and others (16) and also veterinary (1). All together 79 plant ingredients and 2 minerals are used for the preparation of various formulations to cure listed diseases. The collected data has been indexed and systematically organized as system, name of the disease, ingredients, part used, method of preparation and mode of administration (table no. 01) and photographs are presented with botanical names (Plate no. 01- 07).

Table 1: Folk-claims of Gadag district, Karnataka.

Sl.No

System Name of the

disease Ingredients

Part used

Method of Preparation Mode of administration

1.

An

imal

bit

e an

d p

oiso

nin

g

Dog bite Apamarga: Achyranthes aspera L. - Amaranthaceae

Root Root is dried and powdered 1 g of root powder given orally for 7 days in dog bite

2. Snake bite Eshwari: Aristolochia indica L. - Aristolochiaceae

Whole plant

Whole plant is collected and dried in shade and made into

a powder

10 g of whole plant powder given orally for 7 days in snake

bite

3. Snake bite Kataka: Strychnos potatorum Linn.f.- Loganiaceae

Fruit Fruit is dried and made into a powder

Fruit powder is applied over the site of snake bite

4. Scorpion bite Eshwari: Aristolochia indica Linn.- Aristolochiaceae

Roots Root of drug is mixed with water, ground, kalka prepared Applied to site of scorpion bite.

5.

Prolonged and

Accumulated poisoning

Ankola: Alangium salvifolium (Linn.f.) Wang

Root Roots mixed with water and crushed to prepare paste

To expel the Garavisha(For Vomiting ), 50 gm of paste given

orally

6.

An

o-re

ctal

Rectal prolapse

Kumari: Aloe vera (L.) Burman- Liliaceae

Leaf pulp

Leaf pulp is scrapped out of the leaf.

applied locally to Guda bhramsha / Rectal prolapsed

7. Rectal prolapse

Sitaphala: Annona squamosa L.-Annonaceae Leaves Leaves are crushed to obtain

juice

200 mL of leaf juice given orally BD in Guda bhramsha/Rectal

prolapsed

8. Bleeding hemorrhoids.

Adhahpushpi: Trichodesma indicum (L.) R.Br.-Boraginaceae

Lata karanja: Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb.- Caesalpiniaceae Maricha: Piper nigrum L.-

Piperaceae Saindava lavana: Sodium Chloride

+ Sodium Sulphate

Leaves

Seeds

Seeds

All ingredients are powdered and mixed in equal quantity

5 g of the powder is given twice daily in Raktarshas/ Bleeding

hemorrhoids.

9. Bleeding hemorrhoids.

Hingunadika: Gardenia resinifera Roth.- Rubiaceae

Resin Resin is taken and placed in ripe banana

Juice kept in banana during night and eaten next morning in

Arshas / hemorrhoids

10.

Bon

e an

d j

oin

ts

Fracture Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) Heyne ex Roth

Whole plant

The whole plant made into paste Applied over bone fracture site.

11. Osteoarthritis

Schefflera venulosa (wight & Arn.) Harms- Araliaceae

Vana tulasi: Ocimum basilicum L.Lamiaceae

Tulasi: Ocimum sanctum L. Lamiaceae

Leaves

Leaves

Leaves

Leaves are taken in equal quantity, dried and powdered

5 g of leaves powder given orally in Sandigatavata /

Osteoarthritis

12. Arthralgia Aaragvadha: Cassia fistula Linn.-Caesalpiniaceae

Roots Roots mixed with water and

crushed to prepare kalka (paste)

Applied in affected joints in Sandhishoola /Arthralgia

13. Arthralgia Schefflera venulosa (Wt. & Arn.) Harms-Araliaceae

Leaves Leaves are crushed and rolled into pills

1 gm tablet in empty stomach for 21 days in Sandhi shoola /

Arthralgia

14. Fracture Asthishrunkala: Cissus quadrangularis L.-Vitaceae

Stem Stem mixed with water and decoction prepared

Stem decoction given orally in Fractures

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15. Painful joints

Tila: Sesamum indicum L.-Pedaliaceae

Eranda: Ricinus communis L.- Euphorbiaceae

Nimba: Azadirachta indica A. Juss- Meliaceae

Methika: Trigonella foenum-graecum L.-Fabaceae

Karpura: Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees & Eberm.-Lauraceae

Shatapushpa: Foeniculum vulgare Miller.-Apiaceae

Seeds

Seeds

Leaves

Seeds

Resin

Seeds

Oil is extracted from Tila, Eranda and Nimba and mixed

with powders of other ingredients.

Locally applied over shula yukta sandhi / Painful joints.

16.

Cal

culu

s Renal calculus

Jayanthi: Tridax procumbens L.-Asteraceae

Whole plant

Whole plant is crushed to extract juice

Given orally 5 mL BD in Mutrashmari / urinary Calculus

17. Renal calculus

Shigru: Moringa oleifera auct. non Lam.-Moringaceae

Leaves Leaves crushed and juice obtained

5-10 ml of leaf juice is given in Ashmari / Calculus

18.

Gas

tro

inte

stin

al t

ract

Abdominal Ulcers

Snuhi: Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham. - Euphorbiaceae

Stem Juice

Collect the stem parts, semi burn and extract juice

Oral administration of 1 tsp juice + 1 tsp honey for 7 days

19. Constipation Danthi: Baliospermum montanum

(Willd) Muell.-Arg. – Euphorbiaceae

Seeds Seeds are powdered and

mixed with jaggery and made into tablet

1 tablet given early morning empty stomach

20. Indigestion Ingudi: Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile - Simaroubaceae

Fruit gum

Fruit rind is ripped off and gum seperated

1 g taken before food in Ajeerna / Indigestion

21. Stomatitis Charma karvata: Ehretia

canarensis (C.B.Clarke) Gamble-Boraginaceae

Leaves Leaves are crushed and juice extracted

Juice with Pan Patra given for chewing in mukhapaka /

Stomatitis

22. Hyperacidity Changeri: Oxalis corniculata Linn.-Oxalidaceae


Leaf juice mixed with pinch of lime water and given in

Amlapitta / Hyperacidity

23. Diarrhoea Bhumyamalaki: Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn.-

Euphorbiaceae Leaves Leaves are crushed and juice

extracted Orally 5 mL juice given in

Atisara / Diarrhoea

24. Diarrhoea Tinthidika: Tamarindus indica L.-Fabaceae

Fruit pulp

Fruit pulp made into fine paste

125mg given orally in Bala atisara / infantile diarrhea

25. Pain Abdomen

Cadaba fruiticosa (L.) Druce-Capparaceae


5-10 ml of leaf juice is given in Udara shula / Pain Abdomen

26.

G

ynec

olog

ical

Dysmenorrhoea

Shata pushpa: Foeniculum vulgare Miller-

Apiaceae Aranya jeeraka:

Centratherum anthelminticum (L.) Kuntze - Apiaceae

Seeds

Seeds are taken in equal quantity and boiled in water

and filtered to obtain a decoction.

200 mL of decoction of drugs given orally in Kashtartava /

Dysmenorrhea

27. Leucorrhoea Rhus mysorensis G.Don.- Anacardiaceae


Juice mixed with butter milk & cumin powder and taken in

Shwetha pradara / Leucorrhoea

28. Menorrhagia Japakusuma: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.-Malvaceae

Flowers Flowers pounded and juice extracted

Juice of flowers given orally in Rakta pradara / Menorrhagia

29. Leucorrhoea Pashana bheda: Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schultes- Amaranthaceae

Whole plant

Whole plant is crushed and juice extracted

10 mL given orally relieves Shwetha pradara / leucorrhoea

30. Leucorrhoea

Sariva: Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br.- Asclepiadaceae

Lashuna: Allium sativum L.-Liliaceae

Maricha: Piper nigrum L.-Piperaceae

Lavanga: Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr.& Perry-Myrtaceae

Roots

Bulb

Seeds

Flower buds

All ingredients are mixed in equal quantity, crushed and

juice extracted

Given orally 5 mL BD in Shweta pradara / Leucorrhoea

31.

Met

abol

ic d

isor

der

s

Diabetes mellitus

Guduchi: Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook. f. & Thomson

Menispermaceae Kalmegha: Andrographis

paniculata (N. Burman) Wall. ex Nees-Acanthaceae

Madhu nashini: Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. ex Schultes-

Asclepiadaceae

Leaes

Leaves

Leaves

Leaves are taken in equal quantity, dried and powdered

5 g given thrice daily orally in madhumeha / Diabetes mellitus

32. Diabetes mellitus

Bilwa: Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa- Rutaceae Leaves Leaves are crushed and juice

extracted 5 mL juice given orally in

Madhumeha / Diabetes mellitus.

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33. N

euro

logi

cal d

isor

der

s Paralysis

Tila: Sesamum indicum L.-Pedaliaceae

Sarshapa: Brassica nigra (L.) G. Koch-Brassicaceae

Chincha: Tamarindus indica L.-Fabaceae

Agnimantha: Clerodendrum phlomidis L.f.-Verbenaceae

Sadapushpa: Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. Br.-Asclepiadaceae

Seeds

Seeds

Fruit pulp

Bark

Leaves

All ingredients mixed oil is prepared

Oil massaged over affected part in Pakshaghata / Paralysis

34.

Res

pir

ator

y sy

stem

Bronchial Asthma

Dhanvayaasa: Fagonia indica N.Burm.-Zygophyllaceae

Root Roots mixed with water and crushed to prepare paste

5-10ml of paste given orally in Shwasa / Asthma

35. Bronchial Asthma

Girishalmalika: Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Alston

Leaves Leaves are dried and made into a powder

1g powder given orally with honey for 7 days relieves Shwasa

/ Asthma

36. Bronchial Asthma

Lakshmana: Solanum trilobatum L.-Solanaceae

Tulasi: Ocimum sanctum L.-Lamiaceae

Vishamadari: Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertner- Verbenaceae Markandika: Cassia angustifolia

Vahl.-Caesalpiniaceae

Leaves

Leaves

Leaves

Leaves

All ingredients crushed and juice extracted

Given orally 5 mL BD in Shwasa / Asthma.

37.

Sk

in

Warts

Karaveera patra: Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold-

Apocyanaceae Nimbu: Citrus lemon L.- Rutaceae

Leaves

Lemon juice

2 – 3 leaves made into a paste (kalka) and mixed with lemon

juice Paste applied on Warts

38. Urticaria Palasha: Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taubert- Fabaceae

Leaves Leaves dried and made into a powder.

Powder added to bathing water in Sheetapitta / Urticaria

39. Skin lesions Kenduka: Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb.-Ebenaceae

Leaves Leaves are crushed to make a paste

Locally applied over lesions of Shwetakushta / A type of skin

disease

40. Allergic skin lesions

Arka: Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. Br.-Asclepiadaceae

Leaves Leaves are burnt to obtain Ash

250mg BD of bhasma orally in Vicharchika / Allergic skin

lesions

41. Wound Jayanthi: Tridax procumbens L.-Asteraceae

Whole plant

Whole plant is made into a paste

Local application of paste is helpful in Vrana ropana / Wound

healing

42. Allergic skin lesions

Swarnaksheeri: Argemone mexicana L.- Papavaraceae

Latex Latex is collected from the fresh plant

Locally applied as an ointment in Vicharchika / Allergic skin

lesion

43. Skin thickenings

Parisha: Thespisia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Correa- Malvaceae

Bark Bark is rubbed with water and lime

Locally applied with lime water in gajakarna / thickened skin

44. Leucoderma Avarthaki: Cassia auriculata L.-Caesalpiniaceae

Leaves Leaves are pounded to make a paste

Locally applied on the lesions of shwithra / leucoderma

45. Wounds Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.-Mimosaceae

Leaves Leaves are ground into a paste

5gms of Paste of leaves is applied over Vrana / wounds due

to injury.

46. Herpes Morinda citrifolia L.-Rubiaceae Leaves Leaves are crushed into a

paste along with 5-6 grains of salt

Applied on Visarpa / herpes lesions

47.

Oth

ers

Excess heat in the body

Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) Nicolson- Rutaceae

Leaves Leaves are boiled in water to obtain decoction

200 ml of decoction is taken once a day in empty stomach in Sharira daha/ excess heat in the

body

48. Alcohol deaddiction

Naakuli: Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottler) Hook.f.-Cucubitaceae

Aralu: Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. -Simaroubaceae

Leaves

Leaves

The drugs are powdered and mixed with sufficient

quantity of horse urine and made into paste. The paste is

applied to steel plate and allowed to dry in shade. Then the dried powder is collected and its decoction is prepared

200 mL of decoction is given with alcohol induces vomiting.

This is used for alcohol deaddiction

49. Toothache Stylosanthes fruticosa (Retz.) Alston

Leaves Leaves dried and made into a powder.

Applied to teeth and gum region in danta shoola / toothache

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50. Toothache Haritaki: Terminalia chebula Retz.- Combretaceae

Fruit Fruits are ground to make a paste

Sufficient quantity of fruit paste should be placed in the painful

tooth in Dantashoola

51. Aphrodisiac Polygala erioptera DC.-Polygalaceae

Whole plant

Whole plant crushed to make a paste

Paste of plant given orally 5 - 10 mL daily for shukrala /

aphrodisiac effect.

52. Toothache Bruhathi: Solanum indicum auct. non L.- Solanaceae

Seeds Seeds are heated with Sesame oil

Oil fumigation is given to relieve toothache.

53.

Pitta dosha- vitiated pitta

(body humor)

Ingudhi: Balanites aegyptica (L.) Delile- Simaroubaceae

Fruit Fruit gum separated and grated

1 g of fruit gum is taken before food in Pitta dosha orally

54. Cancer Apamarga: Achyranthes aspera L.-Amaranthaceae

Whole plant

Whole plant burnt to prepare alkali

The alkali is to be taken orally in Arbuda / Cancer

55. Headache Sariva: Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br.- Asclepiadaceae

Root Root boiled in water and concentrate prepared

Given orally 5 mL BD before food in Shirashoola / Headache.

56. Hairfall Kuchandana: Adenanthera pavonina L.-Fabaceae

Seeds Seeds burnt to prepare ash Bhasma of seeds applied to the scalp for treating Hair fall

57. Dental caries Stylosanthes fruticosa (Retz.) Alston- Fabaceae


The juice is applied on the Krimidanta/caries tooth

58. To enhance Immunity

Kulattha: Dolichos bifloros L.-Fabaceae

Seeds Seeds boiled in water to obtain decoction

5 - 10 mL of decoction given orally to enhance roga

nirodhashakti / Immunity

59. Infertility Girishalmalika: Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Alston

Flowers Flowers are dried and made into a powder

Powder mixed with honey and used orally in Klaibya /

infertility

60. Throat pain

Maricha: Piper nigrum L.-Piperaceae

Lavanga: Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr.& Perry-Myrtaceae

Seeds

Flower buds

Pepper and clove- 1 part each are made into fine powder

applied on uvula in Gala shoola / throat pain

61. General tonic

Avarthani: Helicteres isora L.- Sterculiaceae

Jaatiphala: Myristica fragrans Houtt.- Myristicaceae

Haridra: Curcuma longa auct. non L.-Zingiberaceae

Puga: Areca catechu L.-Arecaceae Badami: Prunus amygdalis

Batsch.-Rosaceae Kharjura: Phoenix dactylifera L.-

Arecaceae

Fruit

Fruit aril

Rhizome

Nut

Nut

Fruit pulp

All the ingredients are mixed in equal quantity and rolled

into pills

Triturated with breast milk and given to infants as a Rasayana /

General tonic

62. Migraine

Aamra: Mangifera indica L.-Anacardiaceae

Agnimantha: Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon- Verbenaceae

Ela: Elettaria cardamom (L.) Maton- Zingiberaceae

Leaves

Leaves

Seeds

All ingredients are mixed and juice extracted

Fresh juice instilled as nasal drops in Ardhavabhedaka /

migraine.

63. V

eter

inar

y Neurological weakness of legs in ox /

bull

Vana palandu: Dipcadi montanum (Dalzell) Baker- Asparagaceae

Fruit juice

Fruit is crushed and juice expressed

Juice is instilled in the nose and ears in neurological weakness of

legs in ox / bull

Achyranthes aspera L. Adenanthera pavonina L Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa

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Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schultes Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Alangium salvifolium (Linn.f.) Wang.

Allium sativum L. Aloe vera (L.) Burman Andrographis paniculata (N. Burman) Wall. ex Nees

Annona squamosa L. Areca catechu L. Argemone mexicana L.

Aristolochia indica Linn. Azadirachta indica A. Juss Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile

Plate 1: Ethno-medicinal plants of Gadag district, Karnataka.

Baliospermum montanum (Willd) Muell.-Arg.

Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) Heyne ex Roth

Brassica nigra (L.) G. Koch

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Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taubert Cadaba fruiticosa (L.) Druce Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb.

Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. Br.- Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold Cassia angustifolia Vahl.

Cassia auriculata L. Cassia fistula Linn. Centratherum anthelminticum (L.) Kuntze

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees & Eberm.

Cissus quadrangularis L. Citrus lemon L.


Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertner Clerodendrum phlomidis L.f. Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon

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Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Alston Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottler) Hook.f. Curcuma longa auct. non L.

Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Dipcadi montanum (Dalzell) Baker Dolichos bifloros L.

Ehretia canarensis (C.B.Clarke) Gamble Elettaria cardamom (L.) Maton Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham.

Fagonia indica N.Burm Foeniculum vulgare Miller. Gardenia resinifera Roth.


Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. ex Schultes

Helicteres isora L. Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br.

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Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Mangifera indica L. Morinda citrifolia L.

Moringa oleifera auct. non Lam. Myristica fragrans Houtt. Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) Nicolson

Ocimum basilicum L. Ocimum sanctum L. Trichodesma indicum (L.) R.Br.

Oxalis corniculata Linn. Phoenix dactylifera L. Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn.


Piper nigrum L. Polygala erioptera DC. Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.

Prunus amygdalis Batsch. Rhus mysorensis G.Don. Ricinus communis L.

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Schefflera venulosa (Wt. & Arn.) Harms Sesamum indicum L. Solanum indicum auct. non L.

Solanum trilobatum L Strychnos potatorum Linn.f. Stylosanthes fruticosa (Retz.) Alston

Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr.& Perry Tamarindus indica L. Terminalia chebula Retz.


Thespisia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Correa Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook. f. & Thomson

Tridax procumbens L.

Trigonella foenum-graecum L.


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Plate 7: Interviews with Local Health Traditional Healing practitioners and collection of plant specimens in the forest of Gadag district, Karnataka.

Forests of Gadag district is providing raw drugs for various formulations to treat and manage diseases of local and surrounding district and states populace by using age old traditional medicine system. Unique climatic and geographical conditions of the forest are supporting to have a unique medicinal plant biodiversity. Medicinal flora is helping the traditional healers to treat various lethal and general systems of diseases and intern earning the bread and butter to traditional healer’s daily life from diseased family. 5. Conclusion A total collection of 63 herbal formulations prepared with 79 plants and 02 minerals by traditional healers of Gadag district to treat 47 diseases. Forests with a unique floral biodiversity is a playing an important role get sufficient raw material for the preparations of formulations. Forests are also raw drug resources to local and surrounding people. Most of the saints are regularly noticed in forest area with collection of plant materials and they believed that plants from Kappath hills are having unique property and potency in the treatment. Gadag district is having a dry climatic condition but the Kappath hills are with very cold climate is an exceptional and is only known to crude drug collector. The people who are living in the foot hills are not much educated and forest area is being regularly used for grazing of animals. This is the right time to conserve the available medicinal flora from grazing animals and by educating the surrounding people Kappath hills of Gadag district, Karnataka for the future generation. 6. Acknowledgement The authors are indebted to Health Traditional Healing practitioners of Gadag for sharing of valuable information; providing permission to enter in the forest to collect the medicinal plant specimens used by traditional healers and photography of the same in the forests of Gadag district by Forest Dept. staff of Gadag and Forest Dept. of Karnataka; supporting in the preparation of manuscript by Miss. Nandini N, Research scholar, Dr. Kavya. N and Miss. Kavya. B SRF,

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e-issn: p-issn: ethno-medicine system of gadag district

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