HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE

Effect of different solid and liquid forms oforganic manure on growth and yield ofsoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]

GAJENDRA NAGAR, THOMAS ABRAHAM1 AND DEEPAK KUMAR SHARMA1

ABSTRACT : Field experiment was carried out during the Kharif season of 2012-13 at the CropResearch Farm, Department of Agronomy (SHIATS Model Organic Farm, Block-E) AllahabadSchool of Agriculture, SHIATS, Allahabad (U. P.) to evaluate the effect of different solid andliquid forms of organic manure on growth and yield of soybean. The experiment was laid out inRandomized Block Design with three replications. The treatment consisted of three sources ofsolid (Vermicompost 2.6 t ha-1, Farm yard manure 16 t ha-1 and Poultry manure 2.2 t ha-1 ) andliquid (Panchgavya and fish amino acid) forms of organic manures and two cultivars (JS 335and JS 95-60). The experimental results revealed that FYM + Panchgavya + variety JS 335recorded at all stages (growth stages) maximum plant height (47.26), number of branches plant-

1(10.46), dry weight (21.33), crop growth rate (44.43) and stover yield (3876.66 kg ha-1). Therewere significant difference between treatments, except relative growth rate (0.03) at 60-75 daysinterval and seed yield (2198.33 kg ha-1).

KEY WORDS : Organic farming, Farm yard manure, Vermicompost, Panchgavya, Variety JS 335,CGR

How to cite this paper : Nagar, Gajendra, Abraham, Thomas and Sharma, Deepak Kumar (2016). Effectof different solid and liquid forms of organic manure on growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.Merrill). Adv. Res. J. Crop Improv., 7 (1) : 56-59, DOI : 10.15740/HAS/ARJCI/7.1/56-59.

Paper History : Received : 29.12.2015; Revised : 01.04.2016; Accepted : 02.05.2016

Associated Co-author :1Sam Higginbottom Institute ofAgriculture, Technology andSciences, ALLAHABAD (U.P.)INDIA

Author for correspondence:GAJENDRA NAGAR Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences,ALLAHABAD (U.P.) INDIA

AUTHORS’ INFO

C R PVolume 7 | Issue 1 | June, 2016 | 56-59

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DOI :10.15740/HAS/ARJCI/7.1/56-59Visit us: www.researchjournal.co.in

RESEARCH PAPER

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is considered as awonder crop of 21st century which is the top oilseeds in the world production. It is an important

oil seed crop in addition to source of food, feed and nutrition.(Imkongtoshi and Gohain, 2009). It is an excellent healthfood and contains about 44 per cent good quality protein,20 per cent cholesterol free oil, 20 per cent carbohydrateand 0.69 per cent phosphorus (Gahukar, 1997). The majorconstraint affecting the productivity is the adequateavailability of suitable genotype and nutrients(Venkateswarlu, 1987). Choosing and cultivation ofsuitable genotype that adapts itself under the peculiar

climatic condition of the Allahabad region is a necessityfor soybean sustainability. Concomitantly, adoption ofappropriate agronomic operations may result in acceptablephenotypical characteristics, viz., plant height, numberof branches plant-1,dry matter production, nodulation andultimate enhancement of productivity of the crop. Oneof the feasible solutions for addressing the imbalancednutrient and related constrains, is the foliar spray ofPanchgavya, which promote growth and vigour of plantand improves productivity (Pathak and Ram, 2002). Themanagement of manures within a crop rotation can havelarge effects on yields and crop quality (Stein-Bachinger

Adv. Res. J. Crop Improv.; 7(1) June, 2016 : 57Hind Agricultural Research and Training Institute

and Werner, 1997). Organic farming plays greater role inmaintaining soil health and reducing the risk of soil erosionwhen compared to chemical farming (Reganold andPalmer, 1995). There is need to refining and standardizedpackage of practices for important crop under organicfarming system. Nutrient imbalance is also one of theimportant constraints of soybean productivity. Therefore,in the present investigation the effect of various of solidand liquid organic manure on growth and yield of soybeanwas carried out.

RESEARCH PROCEDURE

The soil of the experimental field was shallow indepth (30 cm) having 0.34 per cent organic carbon,13.50 kg ha-1 available P

2O

5, 257.00 kg ha-1 available

K2O, pH 7.5 and EC (0.13 dS m-1). The experiment

was laid out in Randomized Block Design with threereplications. The treatment combinations in theexperiment comprised of 3 sources of solid organicmanures viz., farmyard manure, poultry manure andvermicompost which were calculated on the basis of40 kg ha-1 phosphorus equivalency (Farmyard manure16 t ha-1, poultry manure 2.2 t ha-1 and vermicompost2.6 t ha-1), 2 cultivars (JS 335, JS 95-60) and 2 sourcesof liquid manures (Panchgavya 3% and fish aminoacid 3%). These sources of foliar application wereapplied during grand growth (30 DAS), branching (45DAS) and flowering (60 DAS). Panchgavya wasprepared with a mixture of five components in theratio of 5:4:3:2:1, viz., cow dung, cow urine, milk, curd,cow ghee and six ripe bananas, respectively, whichwas fermented for 21 days. Fish amino acid wasprepared with a mixture of two components in the ratioof 1:1, viz., fish waste and jaggery which wasfermented for 21 days.

RESEARCH ANALYSISANDREASONING

There was progressive increase in plant height,number of branches plant-1 and dry weight at 60 DASsignificantly higher values (47.26, 10.46 and 21.33 g,respectively) observed in treatment T

10(Farmyard

manure + Panchgavya + Variety JS 335). However,plant height and number of branches plant-1 in treatmentT

1(Vermicompost + Fish amino acid + Variety JS 335),

T2 (Vermicompost + Panchgavya + Variety JS 335), T

5

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58 Hind Agricultural Research and Training InstituteAdv. Res. J. Crop Improv.; 7(1) June, 2016 :

(Poultry manure + Fish amino acid + Variety JS 335), T6

(Poultry manure + Panchgavya + Variety JS 335) andT

9(Farm yard manure + Fish amino acid + Variety JS

335), were found to be statistically at par with T10

(Farmyard manure + Panchgavya + Variety JS 335).Further dry weight in treatment T

1(Vermicompost + Fish

amino acid + Variety JS 335) and T5(Poultry manure +

Fish amino acid + Variety JS 335), was found to bestatistically at par with T

10(Farmyard manure +

Panchgavya + Variety JS 335) (Table 1). Application oforganic formulation may have supplied sufficient quantityof phosphorus and other essential nutrient. The phosphorushas specific role to play in root development which resultin shoot biomass and hence the number of branchesplant-1 and ultimately affecting the crop growth. Similarfinding were reported by Abbas et al. (1994) and Chiezyet al. (1992).

Another aspect is the increase of microbial populationin soil because of the application of organic matter, whichmight have improved biological nitrogen fixation, greaterrelease of phosphorus and synthesis of growth promotinghormones (Dubey, 1997 and Baskar et al., 2000).

Significantly higher crop growth rate (CGR 44.43)was recorded in treatment T

10(Farmyard manure +

Panchgavya + Variety JS 335). However, crop growthrate in T

2 (Vermicompost + Panchgavya + Variety JS

335) was found statistically at par with T10

(Farmyardmanure + Panchgavya + Variety JS 335). Organicmanures gradually release nitrogen and other essentialnutrients in a slow pattern. Further, organic matter andammonium ions are released after their decompositionand these are inhibitory to the nitrate reductase (NR)activity, which is highly desirable. Similar finding wasreported by Claussen and Lenz (1999). Thus the resultsclearly showed that all the organic manures used in thestudy played an important role to increase biomass ofsoybean crop.

Significantly higher stover yield was recorded intreatment T

10(Farmyard manure + Panchgavya +

Variety JS 335). The maximum seed yield, net returnand B: C ratio (2198.33 kg ha-1, Rs. 72925.66 ha-1 and2.66, respectively) were recorded in treatment T

10

(Farmyard manure + Panchgavya + Variety JS 335).The beneficial effects to regulate balanced supply ofnutrient including primary, secondary andmicronutrients, tilting microbial dynamics andmodifying soil environment favourably for crop growthis another phenomenon worthwhile mentioning (Nehra

et al., 2001). Further, it was also observed thatPanchgavya besides supplying N, P and K alsopossessed insecticidal property and controlledSpodoptera litura. Application of organic sourcesreleases essential macro and micronutrients over along period, leading to increased vegetative growthand thus augmented stover yield (Patel et al., 2007).

LITERATURE CITED

Abbas, Mohd, Singh, M.P., Nigam, K.B. and Kandalkar, V.S.(1994). Effect of P, plant densities and plant types ondifferent growth and physiological parameter of soybean.Indian J. Agron., 39 (2) : 246-268.

Baskar, M., Solaimalai, A., Sivakumar, C.G., Sankaranarayanan,K. and Sudhakar, G. (2000). Effect of phosphorus, zincand phosphobacteria on soybean: A review. Agric. Rev.,21(1) : 60-65.

Chiezy, U.F., Yayock, J.Y. and Shebayan, Jay (1992). Respnceof soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] to nitrogen andphosphorus fertilizer lavels. Tropi. Sci., 32: 361-368.

Claussen, W. and Lenz, F. (1999). Effect of ammonium or nitratenutrition on net photosynthesis, growth and activity ofthe enzymes nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetasein bluberry, raspberry and strawberry. Plant Soil, 208:95-102.

Dubey, S.K. (1997). Co-inoculation of phosphorus-solubilizingbacteria with Bradyrhizobium japonicum to increasephosphate availability to rainfed soybean on vertisol. J.Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 45 (3): 506-509

Gahukar, R.T. (1997). Soybean lagwadiche AdhunikTantradnyan. Agri.-Horticultural Publishing House,Nagpur, pp 5-7.

Imkongtoshi and Gohain, T. (2009). Integrated nutrientmanagement in soybean (Glycine max L.) under terracecultivation of Nagaland. Crop Res., 8 (1,2 & 3) : 39 - 42.

Nehra, A.S., Hooda, I.S. and Singh, K.P. (2001). Effect ofintegrated nutrient management on growth and yield ofwheat (Triticum aestivum). Indian J. Agron., 46(1): 112-117.

Patel, B.T., Patel, J.J. and Patel, M.M. (2007). Response ofgroundnut (Arachis hypogaea) to FYM, sulphur andmicronutrients and their residual effect on wheat (Triticumaestivum). J. Soil & Crop, 17(1): 18-23.

Pathak, R.K. and Ram, R.A. (2002). Approaches for organicProduction of vegetables in India Report of centralInstitute for Subtropical Horticulture. Rehmankhera

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Lucknow: 1-13pp.

Reganold, J.P. and Palmer, A.S. (1995). Significance ofgravimetric and volumetric measurements of soil qualityunder biodynamic, conventional and continuous grassmanagement. J. Soil Water Conserv., 50: 298-305.

Stein-Bachinger, K. and Werner, W. (1997). Effect of manureon crop yield and quality in an organic agricultural system.Biology, Agric. & Hort., 14: 221-235.

Venkateswarlu, J. (1987). Efficient resource management systemfor dry lands of India. Adv. Soil Sci.,7: 165-221.

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