~his paper not to be c~t~d_~~thout prior reference to the authors

International Council forthe Exploration of the Sea

C.M.1969/ E: 14Fisheries Iffiprovement COrrJ..':li ttee

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Contamination from DD! and PCB in certain organi~~_

in Swedish2!:,,!-rine wat~_~~

By

s. Jensen, ~.G. Jo~~els, ~. CIsson, and G. Ctterlind

~bstract

About 200 samples analysed for DD'r und PCB contumination showed in fish

and fish-eatinc organisms hibh residue values in the :Baltie Sea.i'he

levels of thc chlorinated hydrocarbons mentioned were often about ten

times higher than reported sparse figures for comparablc speeies in

the North Sea a~a and the Atlantic. Local heavy con~aminations rr.ay

oceur in the Ealtic archipelab~es, in the Souni ~~~d on the Swedish

vrest coast. ~he values frorr. different parts of thc Baltic Seu are 6ene­

rally ver,y hi6h, ho,wver, especially in herring ar.d salmon, ~s fur ~s

fiah are concerned. It is ~~ll-known that the ehlorinated hydrocarbons

tend to give higher residue valuus in hi6her trophie levels. This holds

true in the present investigation, e.g. for seal, guillemot, heron, and

white-tailed eagle. The reliability of our relatively few analyses

inereases as different species show the sa~e trend of a higher eonta­

mination in the Baltic tha~ in the North Sea etc. The reasons for thc

high residue levels cf the ]altic are diseussed. (~~rther invest i 6u­

tions sponsored by the Sv.-edish Board of Nature Conservancy show i. e..

low residue values in hcrring fram the eastern dorth Sea.)

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Contamination from DDT and PCE in certain organisms inSwedish marine waters.

1 .? 2 3S Jcnsen , A G Johnc1s"', M Olsson , G Ottcrlincl

It i::> well~know:1 that tbe chlorinated pesticid~::; have a hightendency to '3pread in livinl:) matter. J:'hey are now prcaentn.ll ave:" the wo:-]o. In ! 966'" it '\\'~s discov~;:,cd that someprevio'.l:::ly unlmown ::mbntanccs inolated in residuc analyaiswcre E,olychlorinated E.iphenyls (pes). In .swc.:den thcy appca:­in the natural cnviromnent to the s~m~ degrcc as thc ch10­rin~ted pcstiddcc do i , 2. Rccently peB was also iound in gr­ganinma in thc !'~cthcr1nnc.h;, Great Brit~in3,4, 5, and USA.PCB ha:J almost c::cluzivcly industrial applicatiolls, andsocms ~o b~ still more pcrsintcnt than DDT. In order togive a picture of '~he contamin~tion in S\'"edinh marii1l~ eco~y­

sterns, 176 üamplcs havc been annlysed for DDT cont<:.tnina­tion (ind DDT-mf.::tnbolites) and PCB. The hydrographiealconditions along thc Swcdish coasts are not uniform GO theresidueo found <::.rc c1asaificd according ::0 the four regio·.naI oubdivloiona shcwn in thc cl1art. Duc to thc rather smallnum.bcr oI na"nples from thl1 Sound, thin aren han been in­cluded in the B~ltic proper.

The following spccicn wcre ::;tudied (figures refer to thechart). Musccl (i) (Mytiltw cdulü:), homogenaten oi one ormore indiviciuab, Herrintl (20) (Clupen. harengus), Plaice(3) (Plcuronectcs platcr,ca), Picked Dogfish (4) (Squalunacanthias), Cod (5) (Gadus morhua), Salmon (6) (Salmosnlar.). In thCfish f;pecies anmplcs hmboen axial musdetissue ex1::::-~cted. from thc dornal side abovo thc lateral line,approximntely a thirc1 of the total lcngth from the tail. Tn 9out of 11 salmon, thc samplc::; had to be taken immediatclybchind thc head (only he<::.dc: availnblc). Se;tls (7): Grcy Seal(Halicho<:run erypus), Common Senl (Phoca-vitu!ina),RingedSeal (PUSn hispida). Most of these snmples were t::l.ken i::'omthc blubber in the tail. Tn two r.cal pups from the Gulf ofFinland, thc r.amplcs were horn thc fore leg, and in onegray rcal from thc ßaltic pr~per, thc sarnple was liver. Itin reportcd3, howevcr. that in scab thc chlo:.-in~t·:::d hydro­carbon contcnt in the .f<'..t ia upproxim:".tely constant through­out thc different parts of the body. As a rule thc sp~chncns,

or part::: of spedmens, ""crc Gent to t!lC Swcdioh Jvluseum ofN~tural Histm.-y immedbtcly after cnpture and Gtorcc. <lt-looG. HO"\'c'l(~r, thrcl"l ~c~l taUs irom the archipel<:'(10 of

1. Inntitute of Analytic~•.l Chcrnistry, University of Stockholm2. T:1C Swc1ish Museum of NaturC\.l History, Stockholm3. Institute of Marine RCSf~ai:.. ch, Lyoe-!dl

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Stockholin arid 6ne from the GuH,o! Bothnia were kept by the, hunter~{or s1x moriths in non heated roorii~ ." ,

d'LiUlemot (8)' (l,.ria aalge). hoIru:)genized:eggs.: Tbe bt per';;'centage here varied from 3. 6 to .11 probab~y: ~ecause o,! a notq'Liite perfect, hcimogenizntiori bclorc aliquotation.. White-tailedEagle (9) (Hnliaeetus albicilla)~ Snmples·were taken{rompectoral musCle arid bräin. All eagles wbre fOUnd dcad and ins~r#c cas~ä in astate oi dccaY. Tbe cggäo!white;.tailed eagle(tO) were in all cases addle. more or les8 rotten and dry.Heron (11) (Ardea cinerea), pedoral muscl~. Two sampies of

., nsh oil had been extracted mainly from Norway pout (Boreo­gadus esmarki) arid one sampie maiD.lY frdm herring are !rointhe riorthern part o!.theWe,st,coast. All areseparated oil:·The single oil !1amplc irom tbe southern Baltic proper (main-ly herring oil) ~s unseparat.~d.· .

The main m~tabolit'e oi DDTfo~dW~s DO,t, wbercas DODwas notcd in low concentrations mmost sampies. NormallyI?DDwas not presentin quantiHes exceeding 100/0 oft~e ~DDT.~ DDT stands ror thc aum of DDT and·DDE (DDE mulbplicdbyte 11 to co.rrespond to. odginalDDT)• .For seals irom ~hearchipelago o! Stockbolm ahdsalmon [rom the Bnltic properwith relatively high 6irioUnts of DDD, s:. DDT stands for thesWn of DDT, DDE and DDD.

The arialYtical pfocedure. ~aB based ~n gaschromatographieseparation cirid clcctroncaptüre detcction~ Corifirmation wcredonc oy means of double c~ltimn systemscombined with 8ul­phuric cicid and potassium hydroxide treatment7• ,

Tbe major PCB components fotind werc PCB nmnber 7-14.but musoCl contairied also thc iower nUmbcrs (the PCB com';'position beeing Dhriilar to c10phen ASO). The PCB amountsgiven in table 2 io never the leBs thc sum of all PCB compo­nents found in the samp~s although the relative amounto ofthe different numberri vary. It ia strongly indicated that lowPCB nUmbers are metabolizcd or excreted faster than thehighe~ numbers, giying an increase o! the later when goingup througb a food chain. '

Attempt to qua~titatc pell haG becn made in S\~eden7, but isstill rather ,röugh, so that the values may, be right only with­in ci factor,2. Tbe method is indirect as all the PCB compo­nents has never been isolated~ arid is bas ~d on eoinbined iri­vcstigations with masspectrometry, miero couloi-imcti-ic ­and clectroneapture detectio~ For each 20 sampleo,wereanalysed a blank on the solvent and a residue-!ree plaicesampIe with added pestiCides (lindane, aldrin; p. p. ' DDE.dield:dri. p. p. ' -DDD and p. p. ' -DDT). Recovery wcre abovc800/0, but as normally in residue analysis3 rio corrcction hasbeen made.

T'he mean figures in thc table are calculated from the averagevaluc,of each locality within the tour regions in order to give,each locality, although differing in sampIe number. the samcinfluence. The rcsidue values nre givcn both on thc bases of[resh tissue and of hexane extractable {at. Tbc freoh tiontlefigurcs arc eomparable to rcported values,from other count­ries. ,We believc. howcver. thcit the [at values are of parHcu­Iar intercst from an ccological point of view. Fat playa an

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important ro1e ir. thc t:,an~port of cncrgy and ~~ a curricr ofth~l rcsiducs bctwcen thc opccic~ in thc food chain. Further­more. thc Ge<lsonal variations in fat contents are gre;ü withinthc population::>. The diffcrenc~s hctwcen thc highcct and thelowest residuc level in indiviclualn from one zpccies nt n. givcntime, in a given pl:lcc. are leen whcn refcrred to ext:-actablofnt thnn to frcsh tinsue. The fut contcnts of. for e:cample 11<:r­ring (muGc1e tissuc) varied from about 1% in thc r.pring to:'!.bout 10% in thc :lutumn. Thc princip<ll discuDcion will thcre­foro be founded on valuco reinted to cxtractable fnt.

MUGceln hom thc Wcet (;oact hnvc an n.verage v:lluc of L DDT:-:.nd PCB lower than thc valuel:: frorr. thc Baltic prop~X' ai"ld thcarchipclago of Stockholm. Along thc Dutch, '/lcot G<.:rman <:.:LdBriti:Jh coantr.8 , 9. thc level in mU:3sels shO\v an upper !irr.itfor ~ DDT in the same magnitude us thosc of thc Baltic pro­per and thc ,trchipebgo of Stoc~<holm.

Thc ·:ontambation of DDT in individual pl.:licc, cod and in fi:3noil ie higher in the BuHie proper th,,-n off thc We~t Coast. Non{lor dmoot 110 cverbppi11g in found for the rcsiduc values.

In the ::acc of PCB a dnßle pl~ice !rom thc highly pollntedIdcfjord on thc Yl C ot CO::'.nt incrc~Gec thc averanc value for theWe:Jt CO:l.5t samplec fron'~ o. 59 to 5. 1 ppm. Other individu:lIsampico of fioh frorn thc West Coast ccntnin PCB residueo inthc sn.rne magnitude as !:lpc.cimcns from thc Baltic, which mnybe: duc to ~ coastal contamination. The pic!ced doGfinh. livingmer<.: in thc open GeLl. neem::; to have the same amount cf~ DDT, but a lower amount of peB thnn other fi:::h from thc

Gwedisli \1 c:::t Coact.

Thc campl;.:!:.:: of herring !rom the B.:.ltic proper, th~ archipclagoof Stockholm ~nd thc Gulf of Bc.t1mia r:ontaincd high rcsiducs of..-E:. DDT. No lwrrin ..~ f:!'on\ thc ~w-.:di:Jh W ~.:;t C0~~n; h ..~s bcc~

Btudicd•• Juve'nile hC~'rin:; from thc Dntch Wadden Soa (con.r.talw:ltcrs)~,C cor.t<::.ined redducs in iresh tissuc in thc f02"m cfDDE with an upper limit in thc same ml\gnitudc aso hcrrinefrom t~l(: Baltic ,,-rea•

Level::; of peB and .:E: DDT ü.. one Hoh oil n:lmplc L.·om thceouthern Baltic proper were abcut 5-1 0 tir..~e::; highcr th::m thcthree cm~lplea from the 0W'edinh Weot Count. All :malysi::; fi­gureo fer thc latter :1.rc in the S:lmc magnitude. Thi:: i.:: in:lccord with thc rC5iduc leveln of fnt in fich fror< rc~,:,cctivc.' .

One ninglc herring (rom th,~ Soune hn.d a r.luch hi!~her contcntof PGB (23 ppm) than tho herring (lamplen from thc rc~t ofthc Bn.ltic arca. Thir. causcd an incrc:lse '':>f the n.v~r;)lJc valucin thic n.reil [rom 4. 6 to 6.8 ppm. eod and pbice from thcSound ,,-IRO hnd higher ?Cß content than individunls from theDaltic proper und off thc West Con.st. This indk:l.ten a loe:'!.lcontt:1.mination of pes il1 thc Sound. Furthermore, tho mCC"l.::1

levels of ?CB notcd in hcrring ~how a lower fieure in thc>Gulf of BcthnÜ'.. th:m ia thc rest of thc RaUk.

The hieh1yvngr.mt En.ltic ~::llmon contained ,,-bout 10 tin~cGhir,hcr rcciduen 0: chlcrin:ltcd hyd~octirbcns thnn a sinßlevalue rcported fro...... Grüat ßritain-'"

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The sede from thc B<lltic proper, the archipclago of Stockholr.:l<lnd the Gulf of Bothnin containcd high. rcciduc leveln of ?);)Tanel. PCB, about t'3n timec higher than thc vaIues founc1 in GrcatBritain3• Eactcrn Canad:t3 ~nd thc Nc'Lhcrbnds 13• .All ncal~exccp tone, invcstigated [l"Om the caetern coact of Swcden hadroughly the same level::: ol DDT t'.nd its metnboliten. One np~­

cimcn [rom the a.rchipcIago of Stockholm had 310 ppm in fOot,il1.crcasing thc menn valuc for t11i5 pal-t of thc COGlst from 117ppm to 170 ppm. ':rho lcvclc of PCE decreaac from nouth tonorth. This fact, toccther with lower. ave:ragc vnluc: of FeE inherring from thc Gulf oiBothniu, indic<ltes Cl. trend of d~c:."e;lC­

ing P(:B contamin:\tion from south to north in ~hc Baltic. Sealpups. one weck oId, alrlo chowed high valucc cf r. DDT nnd.PCE, and seal milk [rem i:hc etom<.ch of on~ of thcce pupe h<.clthc !)('.me: level.

Eegc of ßuilIer:lot from the Enltic proper yiclded ndditiol1:l1informc::.tion conccrning thc eontamination of the :3altic. Tl-.(~

meanD of ,5... DDT and ?CE in egge (wet wcight b:lCü,) \v~rc

{~; pm1'l nnd 16 'On.m rc:::pectivc1y, which for .,.~ DDT ia ~bout... ~ (1 ~1 ."' 1":1ten timea the valucn rcportcc! from Grcmt Britain"' J. , •• L.. -'.

The Balti,: values are ~bout rour to fivc timea highcr thatl. V~­lues rcported from the Went ~o:l1::t cf USA6, both 10r ~ DDTand PCB when refcrring to vnlues on rat basis. In eGg~ ircmthc D:-.1tic guillcmot, as much ~fj 870/0 of 'C DDT wao DDZ.

The population of whitc-tnilcd engle in SW<:ldcn scema to grownmnllcr followiölg a decrendng rcproduetive rate. Thua onJyabout two cf ten pairs ncstbg in the arehipelago of Stockhoh-:..auccce:dcd in hatching the last fcw yearn 1<:.

All epecimcnc atudied up to the preDcnt contnined at least thrccaceurnulatinc subatnneeG known to bc toxie. Thcs~ are DDTmetaboliten, peB and mcrcury compoundn 15• Figures for fourbirdz are reported in the T<:>.ble. A fifth spccimen ia not in­c1udcd an thc fitt contcnt W~G not detcrmined. but on wei: wcißhtbasis the pcctor~l mUl3clc and brain tissue of thio bird, con­tdned 190 and 39 ppm rcspeetively of DDT (a3 DDE). and 230and 24 ppm of pes. Two npccimcnn from northern Sweden,one of which dicd by accident, contGlined on frech tisoue banio2.6 pl-m(1. 8-3. 4) of DDT (aG DDE) and 2.9 ppm (1.8-3.9) ofPCB in munc1e tisnuc, thc oecond having 1. 8 ppm DDT (naDDE) nnd 1. 2 ppm peE in brnin tü;sue. The figuren from thearchipelago of Stockholm are thus a hundred timec hieher.indicating :l ntrong eontamin3.tion in thb are:'l.

It is wcll-known that the reciduec of chlorin<'.ted hydrocarbonctend to bc highcr in thc highc:r trophic levels th<'..n in tho lowcr.Seme nimplified food t.:hain relntionn cnn be deduced from thefiguren of the table. These are fish to seal, fioh to r,uillemot.!ish to heron, anti finh to whitc-tailcd eagle. In a11 eaces theincreane from prey to pred:\tor in at least tenfold in v::l.lue~

b:u:;ed botn on wholc tilH;ue and fat. In engle :1nd heron, theincre::'.f.:f: in up to 1eO timea; but for both of tlwc-e npccie:;norne importnnt feod or~anicmc are misoing in thin inventi­gation.

TllCrc ar.::: indicationo in t:"1e ':'.:tblc that thu perccntar;c o! D!)T.:in the ~ DDT in :incrc:-.nin~ whcn proßren~ing from lower ~o

highcr trophie k'leb. T~lin m~y be due to <l decompor.ition ofDDT y/ithin thc OI"rF'..ninl"r.:::. In;:>.l1 nnn"lpies from. jird::> (horeio nlmont c:,c1uoively D:-JE. whih in ::JeaJ.::; <lnd fioheo thcrr;

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i::> up to 500/0 of DDT. Fizh..cating birds and senls thus di!~crin thi5 respcct. This i:::; pcrhnp:::; duc to diffcrenccs in mcta-bolism 16• .

AG prcviously mcntioncd thc senls from thc archipclago ofStockholm. storcd in n. non heatcd room for si>: montns. hada higher proportion of DDD (up to 400/0 of ~ DDT). ::md Gi­mulnncously lower valueG of DDT itself) thnn all other :3cn.Jti.This could be duc to a post mortem metabolism by means ofmicroot'ganisms 17. On thc other hand, thc ringed seal fromthc Gulf of Bothnia. storcd in thc same way Cl:::; far ClS weknow. had only about 50/0 of DDD, which is in thc magnitudeof the unccrtClinty of DDD etitimation at the time when theother seClls were annlyscd. Howevcr. thi5 difference betweon

" thc archipcbgo seale Clnd thc other seals could bc that the .high wat(~r pollution und the land-water rebtion in the ar­chipebgo of Stockholm produces Cl hieher microbiololJicalnctivity in the water. trün5forming 18 DDT to DDD :mdpossibly DDE.

Littlc is known nbout thc toxicity of PCB in tbc levels foundby UG. FeE h2.O. howcvcr. been preved to causc pathologicehangcs in 1:lborntory animals 19• und was found to be ümongthc 10 moot potent cbcrn.icals among 100 testcd by injcctionin eggs 20• Some teratogcnic effects have been 110ted20• AIBoeffccts 011 hep:üic enzymes incrcasing the mctabolism. of pr~­

gcsterone. tcstotcronc nnd oenstradiol have been pubhshed •DDE. on thc othur hand, in less acute toxic than DDT itnclf.but thc brain tis:3uC in white-tailcd engle!> from the ~tockholm

aren contnined in menn 100 ppm (ir~sh tiDsue). It in worthnotinß that bald cagles (H:\lincctus lcucocephülus). fcd a dietcontaining DDT. held in thcir brn.ins bctwccn 58-86 ppm DDTand DDD when they died21 • Approximately the same valucswere found in robinn nnd hOuDc-cparrow::;22. The highcntvalue in Ncnth Amcrican bald eClgl~3 collectcd in thc field in1965 waG 118 ppm (mainly DDE) in muscle tissucs 21 • Tbchighc 6t level for sampled wild. white -tailed aasle 0 fromSweden is 400 ppm (mainly DDE) and the menn was 3JO ppm"in muccle tisou~ on w.:::t wcight ba~lin. Nothing· io preoentlyknown about the pell contcnta in bald eClglen from NorthAmcrica, but in our archipebgo e~glcs thc mean v;~luc inmuncle W<'lS 190 ppm (brain {7 ppm) nnd thc hiehest figure,2,1(J ppm (brain 70 ppm).

Neithcr the fresh tisnue nor thc original fat valucs :.lrc esti­mated in thc addlc cegs from whitc-tailed eagles. Somctimesthe water content was an low n~ 8% (normally 70-75% in frechhen cggs). Probably thc valuen baned on tbc fat content ofthese eggs are more reliable and consequently on1y suchfigures are reported. The levels. although high. were only1/25 of thone of tho eaele f:l.t. Thc residue valuen of thcguillemot eggs were nhout 50% lower than t1103e in the white­-tCliled c:l.ljle aggs for ~ DDT and pell. Thc guillernote arevagrant in winter but the mnjority of thc central ß:.1ti.c popu­lation is believed to rcmain in thc B:1.ltic are~ thc Y(::li~. round.It is not known whcther thc populntion iG decrcasing (no draG-tical declinc notcd). ,

All spedes mentioncd abovc (except musse1) arc r."lorc or 1e5svagrnnt. thcrcby eiving a picturc of the situation in a largerwater "rea. A relativcly few analyse s on a v:1grnnt anim:1.lyield :l low ccntainty but on the other hand the certainty in-

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cre~ses when different spccics show the Gm!lC trcnd of n. llighcrcont:lmin::ltion in the B:lltic th:ln in thc North SC:l ~nd the At1:ln­tic.

In the Baltic proper, thc Gulf of Bothnb :lnd in thc ::lrch~pc1~p,o

of Stockholm. thc level::; of chlorinated hydrocarbons a!"e:lpproxim:ltely ten times higher th:ln thc reportcd sparsc fi­gures for comparnbic specics in thc North SC:l aren. :.md thcAtlnntic. This may be duc to n. lot o~ circumstn.nccs. TheBn.ltic is surrounded by wide land areas <lnd thc water volumcis comp:lratively smn.ll. Furthermorc. the wn.tcr exch:lng(;with thc North Sen is very limitcd an n. consequence of thethrcshold::; (18 <md 8 m deep) ::lnd thc narrownesn of thc D:mishsounds. Rcidue substn.nces brought into thc Bn.ltic from theconl::ts ::lnd from air pollution will to a gren.t extcnt nccun:ukt"here. This deve10pment ia no doubt favoured by c. eencr~llylow microbiological ::lctivity duc to the ncnr1y YC:lr round vorylow tcmpern.turcs of th0 intermcdintc Bn.ltic "winter \vnter",:lnd of the dccp water 1n.ycrs in thc northorn nrcas too. As ::l

consequcncc of the gco.}r;::.phic:ll situ:ltioIl, this is alDo brgclytruc for thc uppcr surf::lCc In.yer•

Thc brackish wo.tcr charactcr of the Baltic is ::llso bvouringa concentr:'\.tion of rcsiducs in livine organism::;. The s~bstan­

ces in question are probably more rcadily transportcd in hori­zontal direction by living mn.ttcr from früsh water to the 10ws:llinity surf::lce wn.tcr (fr~quently 5-6%0 or 1css) of the archi­pc1~goeG <lnd along thc Ihltic co~sts. In the North SC::l , thcdiscrepancy between the ::';0a water nalinity :lnd frenh waterespocblly whcn combined with the cffect of the tidd movc­mcnts lnust rC13u1t in L'. faster decomposition of frcsh waterorganisms ..nd of ore:::.nic matter, inc1uding tht:: chlorin'.ltcdhydrocarbons. Thc increaced nnd m,orc immediate contacthere with the microbiologicd activity locntcd in the bottommaterial must be import:mt. Furthermore, there in in theßaltic proper a pronounced etr:ltificntion of the water. 11.distinct h:üoclinc is dclimiting thc deop w~ter oI highcr G~­

linity upwardc (uDu:llly in 50-7G m dcpth). In thc warm ee::l­son, thc uppor-most Gurfccc byer iG sep:lratcd from tlwllwintcr water" by a very marked thcrmoclinc (u::Iu:::llly in 15­2(1 r."1 dcpth, ::::omctimcs supported uy ::l occondo.ry haloclinc)•Duc, to th~se two diccontinuity l<:lycrs :lnd, espcci;'llly in ,::0<1st1.1arca:3, to the abocnce of not:1.ble tidnl currentr;, thc vertic~l

watcr exch::lngc and mov<.:ments n.rc mor\.~ or lees b10ckcd.The cont:lct of sinldng or[pnic matter with the bottom mate­rbl ir; in thc::;o wayr; to ,'1. great c),tcnt dc1aycd. In the vcrydictinct diccontinuity b.yers of thc Baltic Sen livinp. :lnd d(:aGplankton ::md other org~nic m:'\.tter are concentrn.tcd, the lnt­tcr two catcßorics .:\e :::l. conoequcncc of diffcrcncics in thespccific gr:wity of the w~tcr. Thc bycrs mcntioncd ::l.re im­port~nt fcc:ding nrc:\s for pbnl~ton'::lnd pc:l;>.p,ic fish like hcrrinennd sprnt. In thc Sound in thc archipcbp,o of Ctockholm ...nd inth~ Idcfjord loc~l sources of pollution havc been of import:mce;::'8 th~ hieh Te siduc level r.: indic:.ltc.

wc th~nk fil k~nd Keratin Widm<'.rk, dvil enginecr BrunoNucci, Inr::> EIDa Nucci, ndnn Gunncl Dlomkvist :lnd missl\1:trg:lrctn Östbcrg at thc InGt:itution oE ,'..:nnlyticuJ ChcmiGtry,thc Univcrsity of Stockholm. Wo will also th~nk ror WcrnerBerg ::md enginccr B 'Wallin at thc Museum of Nntur::ll Hintory,Stockhohn fo:t' their hdp in thiG work.

2.9.10.11

.7 1.2

The (iulf of Bothnia

1---1 The Swedish West Coast

The Archipelago cf~~~ Stockholm

The Baltic propert:=:~=t incJuding the Sound

2

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3.5

TYPEOF ORGANISMINVESTIGATEDACCORDING TOTHE LOCALITIES1, Mussei2 Herring3 Pla;ce4 P,cked Dogfish5 Cod6 Salmon7 Seal /8 GuilJemot eggs9 White-tailed Eagle

10 I t I I " eggs11 Heran

III

. ,II

"I•I,...It

/-'I,I,I

II

J13

I-;;;;;.('..'" .

1.4.5 .

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Table J.. Concentralion of organochlorine compounds in Swedi.h marine organisnHI 1965-68.

Numberppm in fat ppm in fresh tissut"in f---.---- '-'-'

• .,~DDT._ DDT peB :(" DDT DDT PCB 0/0 fat

Swedi.h Weat Coaat

Mus.el 17 1 0, b 2 0, 02 0, 007 0, 084 I, 3Oct. ·1966 (0.4-5) (0.3-1.3) CO. 5-7.0) (0, 005- 0, 04) O. 002- 0. 03) (0,011-0,33) (0.66-2,6)Dec. 1967

Plaice 3 1 5 0, 006 0,004 O. 021 0, 5Sept. 1966 (0,9- Z) n. e. (0,4-14) (0, 003-0. 009) trace - 0, 006) (0,002-0,056) (0,4-0,5)

Co<! .. 1 7,3 0,005 0,003 0,019 O. 30Sept. 1967 (0, #)-2) n. e. (l.8-16) (0,001-0.006) n.d. -0.006) (0,006.. 0.030) (0, 19 .. O. 34)

Picked doafhh 7 1. S 0,91 1, 5 0.15 0,091 0, 15 9.6Aug. 1968 (0, 29- 3. 9) (0. 15- Z. 3) (0.81-2,4) (0, 028-0, 33) 0, 015-0. 21} (0.054-0,30) (6.7-14)

Fieh oil 3 2, 1 t, 2 O. 74 100Oct. 1968 (1,5-2.6) (0.83-1.4) (0.54-1,0)

Baltic·SeS;roperind. thc und

Mus.ei 40 6 1. 8 4, 3 0.03 0,02 0.03 0.92Oct. 1966, Dec. 1966 (0,9-10) (0. 5- 2. 9) (1,9-8,6) (0, 009-0, 07) O. 003-0, 023) (0,008-0,057) ko, 46 .. 1, 6)Dec. 1967, Jan. 1968

Herring 18 17 9, 7 6,8 0,68 0,40 0, 27 4,4April, Sept. 1966-68 (4,1 .. 37) (1, 5-21) (0, 5-23) (O,093-2,3) 0.012-1,3) (0, 009-1, 0) :~O, 7-1Z}

Plaice 6 2, 7 2, 1 2,9 0,018 0,013 0,011 0,65Sept. 1967 (1,4-7,8) (0,6-7,2) (1,7-4,8) (0. 006-0, 036) 0, 003-0, 029} (O,010-0,OI2) 0,58.0,71)

Cod 5 19 9.8 11 0,063 0,032 0.033 r 0.32Sept. 1967 (12-31) 0,5-19) (3, Zoo 20) (0,027-0, 11) 0,008-0,068) (O. 012 - 0, 057) n, 21- (), -t·1',

n. e., not e.timatcd ,In. d., not detected

IIII !I I

2

Number" ..-_~---

in pprn in {at ppm in fresh tissue

satnple I: DDT DDT PCB I: DDT DDT PCB 0/0 fat

Salmonx ) 11 31 14 2,9 3,4 1, 5 0,30 11, 0i\uturnn 1968 (20- 53) (7,7-20) (1, 1-8, 2) 0, 26-7, 1) 0, 095-3, 1) (0,014-0,54) 1,2-20)

Fish oil 1 16 7, 3 3,5 100Oct. 1968

Seal(grey)liver 1 96 41 44 3,9 1, 7 1,8 4, 1

Seal(common andgrey) 2 130 62 30 66 32 15 52Sept. , Nov. 1968 (12 0-150) (57 -66) ( 16-43) 58-74) 31- 32) (8,5-21) 48- 55)

Egge from Guille- 9 570 20 250 40 1,2 16 7,0rnot, May 1968 (300-790) (7, 5-38) (140-360) . ZO-51} ;~O, 7 -2, 3) (7,9-21) 3,6-11)

Tht! Archipelago of~ockholm

MusseI 15 3 1 5, 2 0,04 0,02 0,037 1, 11Oct. 1966. Dec. 1967 ~1-4,7) (1-1,8) (3,4-7,0) (0, 01-0, 06t) ~O, 01-0, 024) (0. 032- 0, 044) 0,94-1,28)

Herring 4 7, 7 3,9 5, 1 0, 23 0, 11 0, 17 2.6May 1965 '4,3-11) (2, 0- 5, 3) (3, 3-8, 5) (0,094-0, 30) 1(0, 044-0, 15) (0,073-0,23) Z, 2- 2, 8)

Seal(grey)x}I

170 17' 36I

6, 1 27, 13 30 r 4,2May 1968 97-310) (11-21) (16-56) (35-36) 2,4-6,6) (5,7-6,4) 11,5-37,5)

--- -x) ~ DDT stands for DDT+DDE+DDD, {or salmon cUl.d seal ".nDD of ~ DDT was 41 respectively 17 in mean.

n. d., not detectedn. e., not eetimated

3

Number ppm in rat ppm in !resh tislJueineample .l: DDT DDT PCB ~DDT DDT peB % fat

W hit<:' -tailf'd Eagl~

:.1arch-June 1965-66 4 25000 14000 330 190 1, 5

pec-toral muscle {16000- 36000) n. d. 8400-"17 OOO~ (2.90-400) n. d. ( 150-2.0) (0,9-2,0)

" brain 3 1900 910 100 47 5, ..(1700-2100) n. d. 490-1500) (99-110) (29-70) (-l, 6-6, 0)

Eggs from White-ta iled Eagle 5 1000 540 5, ,

May-June 1966" (610-1600) n. d. 250-800) n. e. n. e. n. e. (3,4-9, 1)

HeranApril 1967 " 1 14000 n. d. 9400 71 n. d. 48 0, Si

Gulf of Bothnia

Herring 4 6", 2 3, 5 1, 5 0, 26 0, 14 0,065 .,4(5, 2-8. 1) (2,9-4,8) 0, 93- 2, 0) (0, 15-0,42) (0,091-0, 21) (0,026-0,091) (2, 1..6,8)

Seal (ringed-) Z 120 56 13 63 30 6,8 54M"ay-Oct. 1968 (110-130) (54- 57) 9, 7-16) (58-68) (28-31) (5. 0-8. 5) (5Z-55)

The Gulf of Finland

Seal pup (grey) 2 4Z 23 6.5 25 14 3, CJ 60March 1968 (41-43) (22- 23) 6.0-7.0) (24- 26) (13- 14) (3.4••, .) (56..63)

Seal milk, March 1968 1 36 21 4,5 11 6,5 1, .. 31

n. e., not esthnatedn. d. , not detected

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~. Holmes, D. C., Sirr..:rnons, J. I·I., Tatton., J. 0' G. I

Natur'E' 2.16, 227 (1967).

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.- );"'"'

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1Q.

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17. Jeffcrit'ü, D. I., VTalker, C. H., i'-Taturc 212., 533( 1956).

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1~. 11illcr, J. W., Publ. Health Reports, \'cl.1085 (194~1).

~\.',} I, 33

2.!). Me Laughling, J1'. J., Marliac, J. P., '.!~r"l·cj,

M. J., Mutehier, 1\,1. K., Fitzhugh, O. G., To:j-1 ' ft. 1 "-"h - - , '\co ogy ano .--i.pp . .t"' armtlc., 2, .,'::

( 1963).

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:;.7.. BCrl1iJ.rU, R. F., ~':-ublj.c~ti0ns oi thc ~··lttCCU;-:.l

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