e business tapmi s1a
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
1/57
An Overview to E-Business Models
1
Prof Pankaj Roy Gupta
Vice President (Institutional Affairs)
University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun
Head CCE University of Technology and Management, Shillong
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
2/57
Objectives
To understand the concept of e-business To understand Markets and e-markets
To understand Intermediation/Dis-intermediation/
Re-intermediation
To understand the concepts of Portals To understand the concepts of e-business, e-commerce and
i-commerce
To understand the perspective of e-commerce and forms of e-Business
To understand Stovepipe Systems, value chain systems and intranete-business systems
Q & A
2
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
3/57
B2BB2C
Forms
E-commerce
Intra-business
I-commerce
Informatics
Infrastructure
Customer-facing
ISSupplier-facing
IS
Internal
Value-Chain
Supports
Customer
Chain
Support
Supply
Chain
Support
EnvironmentElectronic MarketsInter-Organisational
IS
Intermediation
Dis-intermediation
Re-intermediation
Portals
E-business
3
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
4/57
Definitions and meanings
Intermediation means ------- with amiddleman
Dis-intermediation means ----- Removing themiddleman. By eliminating the middlemen, companies can selltheir products cheaper and faster. Many people believe that the Internetwill revolutionize the way products are bought and sold, anddisintermediation is the driving force behind this revolution.
Re-intermediation means ------ Re-emergence of thetraditional middleman the intermediary in new forms. For example,portals such as PetroChemNet bring buyers, sellers, traders, anddistributors of chemicals together, and mediate as trusted third-partiesbetween parties that are total strangers to one another.
4
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
5/57
Markets
Market
Company B
Company C
Sales
Order
Supplier
Shipping
Note
Customer
Shipping
Note
Customer
Invoice
Supplier
InvoicePurchase
Order
Company A
Customer
Chain
Supply
Chain
Business to Business
Commerce (B2B)
Business to Customer
Commerce (B2C)
5
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
6/57
E-Markets
Company As
Bank
Company B
Sales
Order
SupplierShipping
Note
Customer
Shipping
Note
Customer
Invoice
SupplierInvoice
Purchase
Order
Company A
E-Market(Transaction Handler)
Company Bs
Bank
Transaction Handlers
Bank
Payment
Approval
Payment
Authorisation
Request
Electronic
Funds
Transfer
Payment
Remittance
Notice
Electronic
Funds
Transfer
Electronic
Funds
Transfer
6
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
7/57
Intermediation/Dis-intermediation/
Re-intermediation
Traditional Intermediation
Wholesaler
Producer
GoodsData
Distributor
Retailer
Retailer
Disintermediation
Producer
GoodsData
Retailer
Reintermediation
Producer
Retailer
GoodsData
GoodsData
Electronic
Intermediarie
s
GoodsData
GoodsData
GoodsData
7
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
8/57
Portals
Internet Portals
Horizontal Portals
Vertical Portals
8
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
9/57
E-business/E-commerce/I-commerce
Electronic Business
Electronic Commerce
Internet Commerce
9
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
10/57
Information Technology System
Information System
Human Activity System
Perspectives on E-commerce
Communications Perspective
Business Perspective
Service Perspective
On-line Perspective
10
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
11/57
Generic Patterns of CommerceSearch
Negotiate
Order
Deliver
Invoice
Payment
After-Sale
Search
Negotiate
Order
Deliver
Invoice
Payment
After-Sale
Pre-Sale
Execution
Settlement
After-Sale
Repeat CommerceCredit CommerceCash Commerce
11
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
12/57
Forms of E-BusinessElectronic Business
Electronic Commerce
Intra-Business
B2CB2B
Supplier Customer Organisation
12
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
13/57
B2B E-Commerce
B2B E-Commerce
Invoicing
Inventory
Procurement
13
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
14/57
B2C E-Commerce
B2C E-Commerce
Advertising
Marketing
Sales
14
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
15/57
Intra-Business E-Business
Intra-business E-Business
Standard Interfaces
Share Knowledge
Integrate Information Systems
15
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
16/57
IOS and Strategic IS
Competitor
Supplier Customer
Strategic InformationSystems
Inter-OrganisationalInformationSystem
InformationEconomy
Organisation
16
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
17/57
B2C/B2B IOS
IOS
OrganisationOrganisation
Customer Customer
OrganisationOrganisation
Organisation Organisation
IOS
B2C IOS
B2B IOS
17
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
18/57
Benefits of E-Commerce
Benefits
Quality Improvements
Cost Savings
Time Savings
Connection Improvements
Strategic Improvements
18
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
19/57
Problems of E-Commerce
Problems
Technological Standards
Security and Privacy
Re-intermediation
Information Rich and Poor
Computer-related mistakes/errors
19
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
20/57
E-Business Models
E-business Models
Within Informatics Service
Separate Organisation
Semi-autonomous Organisation
Fully Integrated Organisation
Parallel Organisation
20
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
21/57
E-Business Environment
E-business Environment
Commodity Type
Dis-Intermediation
Globalisation
21
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
22/57
E-Business Planning
E-business Planning
Organisational Analysis
Strategic Information Systems
E-business Strategy
22
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
23/57
E-Business Management
E-business Management
Informatics Infrastructure
Maintenance
Content Management
23
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
24/57
E-Business Development
E-business Development
Systems Integration
Iterative Development
User Involvement
Graphic Design
24
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
25/57
Summary
E-business and e-commerce are features of e-markets. An e-marketis one in which economic exchanges are conducted using
information technology and computer networks
Re-intermediation is evident in the rise of Internet portals
Three generic forms of commerce can be identified: cashcommerce, credit commerce and repeat commerce
E-business is a superset of E-commerce. E-commerce is a superset
of I-commerce
There are three major forms of E-business: B2C, B2B and intra-
businessThe benefits of e-commerce include cost-savings and time-savings
The costs of e-commerce include issues of security and
technological standards
Planning, management and development are still critical activities
for E-business 25
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
26/57
Security
Presence
On-line
CatalogueOn-line
Ordering
On-line
Payment
E-Marketing
Stages of
Growth
Technologies
Conditions
Extranets
Privacy
Customer
Relationship
Management
E-Sales
Customer-
Chain
Product
Identification
Catalogue
Search
Product
Comparison
Purchase
Information Seeking
&
Communication
Authentication
Non-repudiability
SSL
Digital
Certificates
B2C
26
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
27/57
B2C E-Commerce
Electronic Commerce
B2C
CustomerOrganisation
27
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
28/57
Customer Chain
Pre-SaleSale
Execution
Sale
SettlementAfter-Sale
CustomerOrganisation
28
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
29/57
B2C Growth
Credit Commerce
Search
Negotiate
Order
Deliver
Invoice
Payment
After-Sale
B2C Growth
Information
Seeking
Marketing
Presence
On-Line
Catalogue
On-line
Ordering
On-linePayment
CRM
Cash Commerce
Pre-Sale
Execution
Settlement
After-Sale
29
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
30/57
Information Seeking and
Communication
Organisation
Information
SeekingE-Mail
WWW
30
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
31/57
Marketing Presence
Marketing
Home
Page
Customer
31
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
32/57
On-Line Catalogue
Marketing
Home
Page
Customer
On-Line
Catalogue
Products
ProductData
32
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
33/57
On-Line Ordering
Sales
Order
Processing
Distribution
Customers
Stock
AccountingSystem
Marketing & Sales
HomePage
Customer
On-Line
Catalogue
SalesOrder
Goods
Payment
Details
Customer
Invoice
Shipping
Note
Payment
33
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
34/57
On-Line Payment
Sales
Order
Processing
Distribution
Customers
Stock
Accounting
System
Marketing & Sales
Home
Page
Customer
On-Line
Catalogue
SalesOrder
Goods
Payment
Details
Shipping
Note
Payment
34
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
35/57
Customer Relationship Management
Sales
Order
Processing
Distribution
Customers
Stock
AccountingSystem
Marketing/Sales/CRM
HomePage
Customer
On-Line
Catalogue
SalesOrder
Goods
Payment
Details
Customer
InvoiceShipping
Note
Customer Profiling
&
Preferencing
35
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
36/57
Secure Commerce Sites
SecurityPrivacy
Authentication
Non-Repudiation
SolutionsSecure Socket Layer
Digital Certificates
36
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
37/57
Digital Certification
Certification
AuthorityCustomer
Customers Public Key
+ Identity Information
Digital
Certificate
Organisation
Transaction +
Digital Certificate
37
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
38/57
B2C Information Systems
IssuesStrategic IS
Knowledge Management
Evaluation
38
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
39/57
Summary
B2C e-commerce focuses on the IT-enablement of the key processesin the customer chain
Customer chain processes include product identification, catalogue
search, product comparison and purchase
We may think of an organisations experience of the B2C e-
commerce as moving through a number of distinct stages of
increasing complexity including information seeking and
communication, marketing presence, on-line catalogue, on-line
ordering, on-line payment and customer relationship management
Effective B2C e-commerce will involve the re-orientation of theinformatics infrastructure around a customer focus
A secure environment for B2C e-commerce should ensure privacy,
authentication and non-repudiability
B2C systems demand the same disciplines as conventional
information systems 39
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
40/57
Intra-
Business
Intranet
InternetExtranet
Components
Horizontal
Vertical
Software
Hardware
Communications
Data
Internal Web
Email
Chat
Mail ListsNewsgroups
FTP
Applications
Workflow
Knowledge
Sharing
Software Distribution
Document Management
IS Portal
40
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
41/57
S
tovepip
eSystems
Sales
M
anufacturing
F
inance
Order Entry
Invoicing
Stock Control
Production Scheduling
Accounts Payable
Accounts Receivable
41
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
42/57
Value-Chain Systems
42
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
43/57
Internet, Intranet and ExtranetInternet
Extranet
Organisation
Intranet
Suppliers
Intranet
Distributors
Intranet
Business Partners
Intranet
Remote Employees
Intranet
FirewallFirewall
FirewallFirewall
43
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
44/57
Components of an Intranet
Domain
Server
WebServer
Web
Client
Web
Client
Web
Client
44
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
45/57
Intranet Applications
ApplicationsE-mail
Internal Web
Mail Lists
Newsgroups
Chat
FTP
45
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
46/57
Benefits of Intranets
BenefitsBetter Communication
Access to Accurate Information
Better Coordination
Easy to implement/use
Cheap to implement/use
Scalable
Flexible
46
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
47/57
Organisational Activities
ActivitiesKnowledge Sharing
Group decision-making
Software Distribution
Document Management
IS Portal
47
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
48/57
Summary
Intra-business e-business involves re-focusing the information
systems architecture around a process model of the organisation
The distinction between the Internet, an Intranet and an Extranet
can be made in terms of type of user, the level of access and the type
of information suppliedIntranets are used by authorised internal users for specific
organisational tasks and to access specific organisational information
An Extranet uses Internet technology to connect together a series of
dispersed intranets. Extranets are particularly used to establish links
between an organisation and key stakeholders such as suppliersOn a horizontal level an Intranet comprises a network of client and
server machines running client and web server software and storing
HTML documents
48
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
49/57
B2BIntermediary-orientedB2B
EDIXML
Supplier-oriented
B2B
Buyer-oriented
B2B
Supply-
Chain
Search
Negotiate
OrderDelivery
Invoice
Payment
After-SalePre-Sale
Execution
Settlement
Supporting
Technology
Extranets
49
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
50/57
B2B E-Commerce
Electronic Commerce
B2B
Supplier Organisation
50
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
51/57
Supply Chain
Search
NegotiateOrder Deliver Invoice
Payment
After-Sale
Supplier Organisation
51
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
52/57
B2B Systems
Purchase
Order
Processing
Supplier
Stock
Control
Supplier
Relationship
Management
Procurement
Suppliers
Accounting
Supplier
Invoice
Purchase
Order
Shipping
Note
Payment
ReplenishmentOrder
RequisitionPurchase
Details
Request
For
Quote
52
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
53/57
Pre-Sale Activity Models
ModelsSupplier-Oriented
Buyer-Oriented
Intermediary-Oriented
E-Malls/Stores
Internet Auctions
Vertical Portals
53
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
54/57
Benefits of B2B E-commerce
BenefitsLower Purchasing Costs
Reduced Inventory
Lower Cycle Times
54
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
55/57
Enabling Technologies
TechnologiesExtranets
EDI
XML
55
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
56/57
Summary
Most discussion of B2B e-commerce is directed at supporting the
repeat commerce model. Here a company sets up an arrangement
with a trusted supplier to deliver goods of a certain specification at
regular intervals
Pre-sale activity can be conducted using vertical portals, internet
auctions or e-malls
An extranet is a series of connected intranets between the
organisation and important stakeholders such as suppliers,
distributors, business partners and remote employeesThe benefits of B2B e-commerce include lower purchase costs,
lower cycle times and reduced inventory
EDI or XML can be used as standards for the electronic
transmission of documentation such as orders, invoices and
payments 56
-
8/3/2019 e Business Tapmi s1a
57/57
Q& A
57