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8/3/2019 e 1 00 Power Point Presentation Update 090901115018 Phpapp01 110501221338 Phpapp02

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A. Computer BasicsA. Computer BasicsA. Computer BasicsA. Computer Basics1.00 Examine the Role of Hardware and Software.1.00 Examine the Role of Hardware and Software.


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Wh at Is A Computer?Wh at Is A Computer?

An electronic device t h at receives data,processes data, stores data, andproduces a result (output).

A collection of electronic circuits, w h ich

can be on or off (open or closed).


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T h ese two states of t h e circuit arerepresented by two digits, 0 and 1.

o Called th e binary system.

o Combining bits (0 and 1), you canrepresent any c h aracter or number.


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Benefits of Using ComputersBenefits of Using Computers

ErrorError--free calculationsfree calculations

SpeedSpeedFlexibilityFlexibilityStorageStorageConsistency and repetitionConsistency and repetition


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Wh at Is AWh at Is A

Computer System?Computer System?Hardware: t h e tangible, ph ysicalequipment th at can be seen andtouch ed such as:

Computer CaseMonitorKeyboard and MouseDisk DriveSpeakers


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o Software: t h e intangible set ofinstructions t h at tells t h ecomputer wh at to do; know asprograms or software programs.

oT wo types of softwareApplicationSystem Software


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T ypes of ComputersT ypes of ComputersSupercomputer: most powerful -Used to do t h ings like predicth urricanes and navigate satellitesMainframes and Minicomputers:

Used by business and government toprocess large amounts of information


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Personal computers: smallerand less powerful t h an t h eoth er types of computers

DesktopNotebook or T ablet

Laptop


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Personal ComputersPersonal ComputersDesktop computer: designed to beused on a desktop.Notebook/ T ablet computer:designed to be used on a desktop butstill small enough to be portable.Laptop computer: designed to besmall enough and ligh t enough to beused on your lap.


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W eb TVW eb TV : provides easy access tot h e Internet wit h out h aving to h avea traditional computer. Enables you to connect to t h e

Internet and usually includes akeyboard or ot h er device forentering and selecting data.

Additional T ypes of ComputersAdditional T ypes of Computers


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PDAsPDAs (Personal Digital Assistants) ah andh eld device t h at is often usedin conjunction with a desktop oroth er PC.

May h ave a special keyboard, someuse a pen or stylus for enteringdata

- Data can be transferred to adesktop or laptop computer


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Four components:

Sender: th

e computer th

at issending t h e message. Receiver: t h e computer receiving

t h e message. Ch annel: th e media t h at carries ortransports t h e message. (telep h one

wire, coaxial cable, microwave signal,or fiber optic)

Protocol: t h e rules t h at govern t h eorderly transfer of t h e data sent.


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Wh en computers are connected tooth er computers

T h ey can sh are information andsometimes h ardware (printers)

T wo T ypes: Local-Area andW ide-Area

NetworkNetwork


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Local Area Networks (LAN):Local Area Networks (LAN):Computers connected toget h er in a

relatively close location such

as int h e same building or department.T h e data and software for t h ese

computers are stored on a centralcomputer called t h e file server.


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W ide Area Networks ( W AN):W ide Area Networks ( W AN):

When local area networks areexpanded to include several local

area networks wit h in a city, state,region, territory, country,continent, or t h e world.


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T h e microprocessor, t h e brains of t h ecomputer. Referred to a CPU orprocessor

Housed on a tiny silicon ch ip

Ch ip contains millions of switch es andpat h ways th at h elp your computermake important decisions.

Central Processing UnitCentral Processing Unit


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CPU knows wh

ich

switch

es to turnon and wh ich to turn off becauseit receives its instructions fromcomputer programs (software).

CPUh as two primary sections:

Arit h metic/logic unitControl unit


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Arit h metic/logic unit (ALU):Arit h metic/logic unit (ALU):- Performs arit h metic computations andlogical operations; by combining th esetwo operations t h e ALU can executecomplex tasks.

- Arit h metic operations includeaddition, subtractions, multiplication,and division.- Logical operations involvecomparisons.


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Control UnitControl Unit: is t h e boss andcoordinates all of t

he CPUs activities.

Uses programming instructions, itcontrols t h e flow of information

t h rough t h e processor by controllingwh at h appens inside t h e processor.W e communicate with t h e computert h rough programming languages.

Examples: COBOL, C++,

HT

ML, Java Script or


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MemoryMemory

Found on th e moth erboard

Sh ort termRandom Access Memory (RAM)Random Access Memory (RAM)

Long termRead Only Memory (ROM)Read Only Memory (ROM)


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Random Access Memory (RAM)Random Access Memory (RAM)Memory on th e moth erboard t h at issh ort term; w h ere data, information,and program instructions are storedtemporarily on a RAM ch ip or a set ofRAM ch ips. Known as th e main memory.T h is memory is considered volatile.

T h e computer can read fromand write to RAM.


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Wh en t h e computer is turned offor if t h ere is loss of power, w h atever is stored in RAM disappears.

T emporary Memory Sh ort T erm


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ReadRead--Only Memory (ROM)Only Memory (ROM)Memory on th e moth erboard t h atis long term; wh ere t h e specificinstructions t h at are needed fort h e computer to operate arestored.

T his memory is nonvolatile and your computer can only read

from a ROM ch ip.


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T h e instructions remain on t h e ch ipregardless if t h e power is turnedon or off.Most common is th e BIOS ROM;wh ere t h e computer usesinstructions contained on t h is ch ipto boot or start t h e system wh en

you turn on your computer.

Permanent Memory LongT

erm


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Basic Controllers:Basic Controllers:On th e moth erboard, a device t h atcontrols t h e transfer of data from t h e

computer to a perip h eral device andvice versa.

Generally stored on one single c h ip.

Examples: keyboards, mouse,monitors, and printers


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Serial and Parallel PortsSerial and Parallel PortsUsed to connect our perip h eral devicesto t h e computer; usually one serial andone parallel port on a computer.

Serial devicesSerial devices transmit dataone bit at a time. A modem may beconnected to t h is port.

Parallel devicesParallel devices transferseveral bits at a time. Aprinter may be connected to

t h is port.


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Universal Serial Bus (USB)Universal Serial Bus (USB)A new standard t h at supports datatransfer rates of up to 12 million bitsper second.A single USB port can be used toconnect up to 127 perip h eral devicesExpected to replace serial and parallelports in t h e near future.


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Expansion SlotsExpansion SlotsAn opening on th e moth erboard w h erea circuit board or expansion board canbe inserted.

Examples: Additional Memory, video

cards, modem cards, and soundcards .


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How Does A ComputerHow Does A ComputerProcess Data?Process Data?

PC system case t h e metal and plasticcase t h at h ouses t h e main systemcomponents of t h e computer.

Central to all of t h is is t h e

moth

erboard or systemboard t h at mounts into t h e case.


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Data RepresentationData Representation

ASCII (American Standard Code

for Information Interch

ange)T h e most popular and widely used

standardized coding system


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ByteByteEigh t bits or combinations of ones andzeros represent a c h aracter.

Example: 00000001 =1 or 00001010 - 10KB-Kilobyte rough ly 1 th ousand bytes

MB-Megabyte rough ly 1 million bytes

GB-Gigabyte rough

ly 1 billion bytesT B-T erabyte roug h ly 1 trillion bytes


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Input, Output, & StorageInput, Output, & Storage

DevicesDevicesInput deviceInput device:h ardware t h at

allows you tocommunicate with your computer.

Output device:Output device:h ardware t h at allows

your computer tocommunicate with t h e user

Input/OutputInput/Output - - Storage deviceStorage device:h ardware t h at allows you tostore or retrieve information


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Computer Input DevicesComputer Input Devices

KeyboardMouse/ T rackball

JoystickLigh t penPointing StickT ouch pad

T ouch screenBar code reader

ScannerMicroph oneGraph ics T abletDigital Cameras


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Computer Output DevicesComputer Output DevicesMonitorMonitor: screen t h at

display informationsuch as text, numbers,and pictures-softcopy.

PrinterPrinter : gives youinformation from t h ecomputer in printedform h ardcopy.

SpeakersSpeakers: allow you to h ear voice,music, and oth er

sounds from yourcomputer.

ModemModem: allows youto use yourcomputer tocommunicate with oth er computers.


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T h ree T ypes of PrintersT h ree T ypes of Printers

Dot MatrixDot Matrix Gives a printed image in a pattern

(matrix) of tiny ink dots.Less expensive and not as clear

Inkjet PrinterInkjet Printer

Better quality of printed documentMach ine uses an ink cartridge anda printing element to print a finerimage on th e paper.


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LaserBest quality of printed documents

Laser beam and an ink tonercartridge are used to producet h e images.More expensiveQuick


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Storage DevicesStorage Devices

Magnetic storage devices use oxide-coated plastic storage media calledmylar.

As t h e disk rotates in t h e computer, anelectromagnetic read/write h ead

stores or retrieves data in circlescalled tracks.


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T racks are numbered from t h eoutside to t h e inside and as data isstored on t h e disk it is stored onone of t h ese numbered track.

Each track is labeled and t h elocation is stored in a log on t h e

disk known as a file allocationtable (FA T ).


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T ypes of Storage DevicesT ypes of Storage Devices

Hard Disk DriveHard Disk Drive

Used to store data inside of th

e computerMagnetic platter t h at h olds a largeamount of information in a form t h ecomputer can understand.


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Accessing data is fasterAmount of data t h at can bestored is muc h more t h an wh atcan be stored on a floppy disk.

Size of Hard drive is measured in

megabytes or gigabytes.


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Z ip DiskZ ip DiskCapable of storing tremendous

amounts of informationT h ey are only t h e size of a 3 inc h disk but can h old as much as 1

gigabyte of data


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T ypes of Storage DevicesT ypes of Storage DevicesMagnetic T ape DrivesMagnetic T ape DrivesUsed for making backup copies of largevolumes of data.

Very slowCan be used to replace data t h at mayh ave been lost on t h e h ard drive

Look similar to audio tapes.Holds more t h an Floppy


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DVDDVD (Digital Versatile Disk)(Digital Versatile Disk) is t h e

size of a regular CD and can beplayed in a regular CD or in a DVDmovie player.

DV

DDV

D can store 4.8GB to 8.0GB ofinformation and data. D VD-ROM isreadable only (a movie DVD).

You can store data on a DV

DDV

D only if you h ave a DVD BurnerDVD Burner andDVD+R/DVD-R

(writable) or DVD-RW (rewritable) D VD.


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Systems SoftwareSystems Software

A group of programs t h at coordinateand control t h e resources andoperations of a computer system.

Enables all components of t h ecomputer system to communicate.

Operating System, Utility Programs,and Graph ic User Interface (GUI).


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Systems SoftwareSystems SoftwareOperating System ( OS):Operating System ( OS):

Provide an interface between t h e useror application program and t h ecomputer h ardware.

W in 95/98/2000/XP/ Vista Mac System 6/7/8/9


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Utility ProgramsUtility Programs

Help you perform h ousekeeping ch ores;complete specialized tasks related tomanaging th e computers resources, filemanagement, and so on.

GUI (Graph ical User Interface)GUI (Graph ical User Interface)Interface between t h e operating system

and t h e user. Grap h ical symbols (icons)

represent files, disks, programs, andoth er objects.


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Application SoftwareApplication SoftwarePrograms t h at work with t h e operating

system software to h elp you use your computer to do specific typesof work.


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Application SoftwareApplication Software

CategoriesCategoriesBusiness

CommunicationsGraph ics and MultimediaEducation and Reference

Entertainment and LeisureIntegrated Programs


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Business SoftwareBusiness SoftwareSpreads h eetSpreads h eet

Manipulate NumericData

Intersection of rowand column is a cell

Grade Book, FinancialReport

DatabaseDatabaseLets you set up an

electronic filing

systemsSort and Searc hAddress book, Card

CatalogW ord ProcessingW ord Processing

Create, edit, and print text documentsReport, flyer, memo


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CommunicationsCommunicationsW orks with your modems or network

h ardware and allows your computer tocommunicate with oth er computers.

Exch ange computer files and email

Graph ics SoftwareGraph ics Software

Uses pictures or images toh

elpcommunicate messages.


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MultimediaMultimedia

Combines text, graph

ics, animation,video, and audio.

Clip artClip art

Graph ical images to be added todocuments

Desktop Publish ingDesktop Publish ingUses bot h pictures and words to give

you th e ability to create documents.Newsletters and broc h ures


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Education &Education &ReferenceReferenceAvailable on

many topicsEasierQuicker

AR, CCC, &Encyclopedia

EntertainmentEntertainment& Leisure& LeisureFun

Games andsimulationsT ests your skills

Interactive


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Integrated SoftwareIntegrated Software

Combine several software applicationsinto one program.

Include: W ork Processing, Spreads h eet,Database, & Communication

Examples: MSW

orks, MS OFFICE, &Lotus SmartSuite


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Proper Computer CareProper Computer CareKeep food and drinks away from t h e

computer and keyboard.

Avoid dusty locations.Use a surge protector.

Keep magnets Away.


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Do not block vents on th e CPU.Avoid brigh t sunny locations.Do not move th e computer wh ile it is in

use.Always exit programs properly.Use a virus ch eck program on a regular

basis.


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Proper Diskette CareProper Diskette CareDo not remove from drives wh ile drive

in running or ligh t is on.

Avoid contact wit h magnets andelectromagnetic fields.

Keep disks stored in a clean, cool anddry place with a protective cover.


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Keep protective metal slider in place.Use a virus ch eck program on a regular

basis.

Avoid h ot and cold locations.

Make a back-up copy of your programs

and files.


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Proper CD or DVD CareProper CD or DVD Care

Keep CDs or DVDs stored in a clean,cool and dry place with a protective

cover.Avoid touch ing th e back side of t h e CD

or DVD; to avoid scratc h es.

Avoid h ot and cold locations.


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Make a back-up copy of your programsand files on CD or DVD.

Insert into CD or D VD Drive properly;label facing up.

Only write on CDs or DVD;s with aproper marking Pen on a label or t h e

correct side of th

e CD or DV

D.


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Proper Care of PrintersProper Care of Printers

Avoid cold,h ot, and dusty locations.

Always use th e correct ink or tonerreplacement.

Alwaysh ave t h e proper printer cableconnected to your computer.


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Never pull paper out of a printer in

motion.Do not turn off t h e printer w h ile

printing.

Read th e instruction manual beforeoperating a printer.Always use th e proper type of paper in your printer.


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How to Maintain yourHow to Maintain your

Computer SystemComputer SystemStart a notebook of information on your

system.

Serial numbersVendor support telep h one numbersUser IDs

Date and vendor for eac h equipment and software purc h ase.T rouble log


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Periodically review disk directories &delete unneeded files.

Make sure all plug-ins are secure at alltimes.

T urn off t h e power and disconnect t h eequipment form t h e power sourcebefore you open t h e inside of youcomputer.


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Keep surrounding area dirt and dust

free.Back up files and data regularly.

Periodically defragment yourh

ard disk.Protect your system from computer

viruses

Learn to use system diagnostic programs


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ErgonomicsErgonomicsT h e science of designing equipment for a

comfortable and safe working environment.

Proper Computer ErgonomicsProper Computer Ergonomics

Sit up straigh

t and lean forward sligh

tly fromt h e waist.Keep your feet flat on t h e floor.Your body sh ould be about a h ands length

from t h e front of t h e keyboard andcentered wit h t h e keyboard.


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Place all materials you will type on th

e righ

tPlace all materials you will type on th

e righ

tside of t h e computer and supplies on t h eside of t h e computer and supplies on t h eleft side.left side.

Keep any items you are not using off yourKeep any items you are not using off yourdesk.desk.

Occasionally rest your eyes and take s h ortOccasionally rest your eyes and take s h ortbreaks.breaks.

Avoid ligh ts t h at cause glare on t h e monitor.Avoid ligh ts t h at cause glare on t h e monitor.


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Keep your fingers on th e h ome row keys andcurved.

Keep your wrists up, not touch ing th e keyboardor desk.

Focus your eyes on th e book, copy or screen.


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Questions of t h e DayQuestions of t h e Day

1. Definition of Hardware1. Definition of Hardware

2. Definition Of Software2. Definition Of Software

3. Definition of CPU3. Definition of CPU

4. Definition of RAM4. Definition of RAM5. Information Processing Cycle5. Information Processing Cycle

(Draw th e Cycle)(Draw th e Cycle)

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