dysgraphia
DESCRIPTION
Criteria & AssessmentTRANSCRIPT
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Dysgraphia
Jane Iannacconi
Criteria & Assessment Strategies for Dysgraphia
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Contents:
1. Definition
2. Types (4)
3. Interventions & Strategies
4. Levels of Interpretation
5. Additional Information
6. Reference
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Dysgraphia is a learning disability resulting from the difficulty in expressing
thoughts in writing and graphing.
Phonological Surface Mixed Semantic/Syntactic
Feifer’s 4 subtypes of Dysgraphia
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Phonological:
Writing and spelling disturbances in whichthe spelling of unfamiliar words, non-words,and phonetically irregular words are impaired.
These students tend to have trouble spelling by sounds and rely on the visual aspect of letters; therefore, becausespelling is an auditory task, they will have trouble with spelling tests.
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Surface:
Students have trouble with orthographic representationsof words, which makes the student rely too heavily on sound patterns; the opposite of phonological dysgraphia.
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Mixed:
Students having trouble with mixing up letter formations and having trouble with spelling tasks, a combination of the first twotypes. Recalling letter formations is hard forthese students to do because there are so many instructions or rules that they get confused and; therefore, have inconsistent spellingsof words.
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Semantic/Syntactic:
Students have difficulty with how words can be joined to make complete and comprehensive phrases.
An example of a second grade student’s handwriting with dysgraphia.
A second grade student’s handwriting who does not have a disability.
+Interventions & Strategies
Phonological Alphabetic Phonics
Making Words
Writing to Read
Cover-Write Method
Fernald Method
Visual Spelling
Surface
Musical Spelling
Language Experience Approach
CAST - Universal Design for Learning
Software Strategies
Mixed
Semantic/SyntacticWriting Skills for the Adolescent
Sentence Combining
CAST - Universal Design for Learning
Step Up to Writing - (Sopris West)
Software Strategies
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Levels of Interpretation
Subtest
Vocabulary
Similarities
Comprehension
Digit Span
Letter-number sequence
Picture concepts
Coding
Writing Sub-skill
General lexicon of words
Verbal flexibility
Verbal syntax
Working memory
Visual/verbal flexibility
Motor speed output
+ The Human Brain
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Additional Information and Strategies
http://www.ldinfo.com/dysgraphia.htm
http://sped.wikidot.com/strategies-for-students-with-dysgraphia
http://www.ldanatl.org/aboutld/parents/ld_basics/dysgraphia.asp
http://www.readingrockets.org/article/12770
http://www.ldonline.org/article/5890
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Crouch, A. L., & Jakubecy, J. J. (2007). Dysgraphia: How it affects a student’s performance and what can be done about it.
TEACHING Exceptional Children Plus, 3(3) Article 5. Retrieved from http://escholarship.bc.edu/education/tecplus/vol3/iss3/art5