dyscalculia, causes, consequences & creative solutions · 2020. 2. 18. · doman delacato...
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Dyscalculia, Causes, Consequences, & Creative solutions
Dr Anneke Schreuder
Dyscalculia Services
www.DyscalculiaTrainingCenter.org
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Dyslexia Dyscalculia
• starts to talk late
• difficulty with blendingand segmenting sounds
• rhyme patterns are hard
• reads letter by letter orword by word slowly
• forgets sight words
• struggles with grammar
• copies letters out of order
• forgets/loses info: dates, names, address
• starts to count late
• difficulty with composingand decomposing numbers
• number patterns are hard
• counts tally marks or one by one slowly
• forgets math facts
• struggles with algorithms
• copies numbers out of order
• forgets/loses info: log ins, numbers, deadlines
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Dyscalculia
Δισκαλκυλια
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Number Sense Center
Verbal Centers
Visual Centers
3 main centers for math
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Prefontal region
Pre-fontal region executive function
Various types of memory
Visual spatial processingTemporal
processing Rythm
Fine motor skills
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Gerstmann Syndrome
•Writing•Arithmetic•Finger Agnosia•Left-Right coordination
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Dr. Ladislav Kosc named Developmental Dyscalculia
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Dyscalculia
Dyslexia
Research
1850 1900 1950 2000 2050
Adolph Kussmaul“wordblindness”
Rudolf Berlin “Dyslexia”
Dr Dejerne: Reading difficulty is brain issue
Dr Hinsbelwood “back to Word blindness”
Dr Orton “developmental Alexia”
ICAA “WordblindCentre”
Orton Dyslexia Society
Doman Delacato Method
Dennison (US)
Gardner
Galalunda
International Dyslexia Association
Silverman “Dyslexia Learning difference”
Turkeltaub MRI
Dr Guen Dyslexia Gene
Anna Gillingham & Bessie Stillman“Dyslexia teaching”
Hoeft: Predict success based on MRI
GerstmannSyndrome
Ladislav Kosc
Stanislas DeHaene
Brian Butterworth
Dr Ansari
Fischer Subitizing
Graffman
Dyscalculia Services
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dyslexia
dyscalculia
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“This math learning disability is nearly as common as dyslexia, however it’s studied far less, understood far worse, and diagnosed inconsistently.”
Daniel Ansari
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Theories of deficits in dyscalculia:1. domain general
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Theories of deficits in dyscalculia:domain specific
visual 2
verbal ‘two’
quantity
visual 2
quantity
Left Right
• Access deficit: no links with number sense center
• Core deficit is the number sense center
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Number Sense Mental number Line
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Sometimes the arabic numbers are the culprit
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Prefontal region
Pre-fontal region executive function
Various types of memory
Visual spatial processingTemporal
processing Rythm
Fine motor skills
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Diagnostic criteria a work in progressNot based on a single test, rather combination of instruments• Math difficulties for a period time
(6 months or more)• Across several areas in math• Severity• Not resolved by simple scaffolding• Needs help with gaps• Needs more practice
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Math facts Patterns Mental math Shapes
Math factsAlgorithmsConcepts
Math facts Decimals
Algebra
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Math facts Math facts Math facts Math facts
Math facts Algorithms
Math facts Concepts
Math facts
Math facts
Math facts Math facts
Math facts
Algebra
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Math facts Patterns Math facts Math facts
Math factsMath facts
Mat
h f
acts
Mat
h f
acts
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“This provides strong evidence that dyscalculia is caused by malformations in the right parietal lobe and provides solid grounds for further study on the physical abnormalities present in dyscalculics’ brains. It’s an important step to the ultimate goal of early diagnosis through analysis of neural tissue, which in turn will lead to earlier treatments and more effective remedial teaching.”
University College London
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Not live up to potential
Does not try or hides exposure
Mistakes copying from board
Confuses assignments
Sick on test daysMissing
homework
Daydreaming
Acting out
Works slowly
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How do we detect dyscalculia
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Areas crucial for the determination of number sense• Subitizing• Non-symbolic magnitude comparison• Symbolic magnitude comparison• And ordering (cardinal and ordinal)
SASC/STEC Dyscalculia Working Group
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• Dyscalculia Services Grade 1 - 12 (dyscalculiaservices.com)
• Panamath Grade 8 - adult(Panamath.org)
• The Numeracy Screener KG – Grade 3 (numeracyscreener.org)
• Early Numeracy Indicators KG – Grade 2 (progressmonitoring.org)
• Math Reasoning Inventory Grade 4 -8(mathreasoninginventory.com)
Screening /Checklists
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• The Dyscalculia Screener
• The Dyscalculia Assessment (not online)by Jane Emerson and Patricia Babtie
Further Testing
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Panamath test
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• Tests That Assess Computation SkillsWoodcock-Johnson-IV (WJ IV) Calculation subtestWIAT-III Numerical Operations
• Tests That Assess Math FluencyWJ-IV Math Fluency subtestWIAT-III Math Fluency subtest
• Tests That Assess Mental ComputationWISC-V Arithmetic subtest
• Tests That Assess Quantitative ReasoningWIAT-III Math Problem Solving subtestWJ-IV Applied Problems
From the Understood website
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15 modules
Checks Number Sense and calculational adequacy
Good match of calculation subtest with standardized tests
Casts a wider net, goes beyond coping by counting
Respects Keypoints from SASC/STEC
Affordable and worldwide available
The Math and Dyscalculia Screening Test
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https://DyscalculiaTesting.com
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https://DyscalculiaTesting.com
coupon code LDA57to get a complimentary test.
Give it a try
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• Making change when shopping is nerve-racking.• I rarely know what the sale price is.• Scheduling takes all my focus• I often arrive way too early. • Directions like north and south don’t click for me.• I bump my head–on everything.• When it comes to driving, I’ll be a late bloomer.
CONSEQUENCES
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Math facts Math facts
Math facts
“While dyscalculia is less debilitating than dyslexia, it still has a negative effect on the lives of sufferers. Many dyscalculics find ways to compensate for their dyscalculia, such as using a calculator wherever possible, however this can only help to some extent. Others simply do their best to avoid maths. Having dyscalculia limits academic and career possibilities for children and adults, as well as affecting everyday life (for example management of finances).”
Anna Wilson:
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“Dyscalculia affects about 5% of the population, just like dyslexia. And it has an even bigger effect on life chances.”
Brian Butterworth:
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The Pattern is clear
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Famous people with Dyscalculia
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• Suggestions for help, follow-up
• Parents need info, communication
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Riddle me this:It is unclear why we give children
physical tests, check their lungs, eyes and ears but ignore their neurological/ mental development unless there is a
very visible problem going on.
Ideally all children would be screened for learning disabilities
at an early stage.
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Legal Frame work
Rehabilitation act, section 504 (1973)Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA 2004) Individual Education Plan (IEP)
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Section 504, rehab. act 1973
▪ preferential seating
▪ extended time on test and assignments
▪ reduced homework or class work
▪ verbal, visual, and technology aids
▪ modified textbooks , audiovisual material
▪ behavior management support
▪ adjusted class schedules and grading
▪ verbal testing
▪ excused lateness, visit nurse, occup./phys. therapy
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IDEA 2004 www.idea.ed.gov 34 CFR 300.8(c)(10)
diagnosis of a Learning Disability (LD)
▪ not required to use a severe discrepancy between
intellectual ability and achievement
▪ appropriate to use a process based on the child’s response
to scientific, research-based intervention
▪ appropriate to use alternative research-based procedures
▪ indicate a LD if child does not achieve adequately for age
▪ indicate a LD if child does not meet grade-level standards
▪ important to have input from child’s parents and qualified
professionals: teacher, diagnostician
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LD areas mentioned in section IDEA
▪ Oral expression
▪ Listening comprehension
▪ Written expression
▪ Basic reading skills
▪ Reading fluency skills
▪ Reading comprehension
▪Mathematics calculation ▪Mathematics problem solving
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Child: the 3 main centers for Math
visual input
2 the numeral
“two” the
number word
2 real objects, subitizing, estimating basic number sense
innate in humans and animals
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School: 3 centers for Math develop
2 visual inputnumerals, signs, andwritten calculation
“two” the
number word,rote memory number facts
number sense: subitizing and estimationcount real objects, internal number line,
small and larger quantity comparison
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Establish the link between 3 centers
Draw, show, and tell simultaneously:•Real life quantity, •Number words/definitions•Written numerals, math signs, formulas
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separate first, combine later
Math facts practice Problem
solving
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multi-sensorial instruction asks for actual manipulation by the child
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Graph paper is indispensable
• One number or sign per square
• Match for hand writing size:do2learn.com, printablepaper.net
• Keep numbers aligned
• Helps with regrouping
• Place holder zeros don’t get lost
• Shows concept of place value
• Draw rectangles to multiply, to do area and perimeter etc.
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Math Talks
Think - Pair - Share
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Word problem
What do I need to find out?
Find the key
numbersRound
and estimate
Calculate
Check: does it make
sense?
Go full circle to see math makes sense !
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Accommodations:• Physical• Whole class instruction• Individual• Test/quiz additional time• Alternative homework
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Sitting close, good eye contact
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cover – copy - compare
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Wall charts with real life pictures
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© Math and Dyscalculia Services for more free Math activities visit www.DyscalculiaServices.com
Graphic organizer for calculation 1: make numbers
From working with actual base ten blocks to written
calculations: draw base ten shapes and write the
numbers in the columns to practice place value, use
the words above the column to help you read it out
the number
thousands hundreds tens ones
thousands hundreds tens ones
thousands hundreds tens ones
thousands hundreds tens ones
2 4 7 6
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insert
Thumbs up
•Prevent math anxiety:
only call on student when s/he
signs to be ready to volunteer an answer
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Working one on one
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Work in the Student’s pace
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Start at a very comfortable level
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Provide Immediate feedback
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Use real life examples, manipulatives and
models
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Never Drill something that is not yet
conceptually understood
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The cycle is:-> Estimate-> Calculate-> Check
when doing Math problems
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Reinforce Process andHard Work
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Never say anything the student can say
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Make repeated practice fun with games
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Work on self confidence show their progress
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• The Number Race, The Number Catcher (France) free http://thenumberrace.com/nr/home.php andhttp://thenumbercatcher.com/nc/home.php
• Meister Cody www.meistercody.com
• Calcularis, focus on number lines (Zwitserland) http://www.calcularis.ch/int/
• Dynamo Maths (UK) free trial
http://www.learning-works.org.uk/product-focus/dynamo-maths
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Online programs for dyscalculia
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The Number Race and The number Catcher
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Meister cody
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• Number line training,
15 min./day for 5 weeks
• DD use frontal regions
for number liner line
instead of parietal
• Both DD and controls
improved
• DD improved more
on MRI and math level
Neuroimage,57, Kucian, K. 2011
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Calcularis
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Apps for math CallScotland.org.uk
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• Element of surprise
• Several calculations to find the next move
• Students like to win and stay focused longer
• Playing with adults/teachers means getting extra guidance / explanations: ask students to explain their strategy and correct
• Students can play together
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Games are the new worksheets
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Visualize number bonds of 9
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Happy.DyscalculiaServices.com
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‘Slope’ house where Mr. Slope Guy lives
up 1 over 2
up 1 over 2
up 1over 2
up 1
horizontal slope = 0
parallel lines have the same slopehorizontal slope = 0
vertical chimney has
no slope
3
1down 3, over 1
slope = -3/1 = -3
up 3, over 1 slope = 3/1 = 3
©2018 Dyscalculia Services and Dyscalculia Training Center
90
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Q & A
Thank you for attending and please join me in raising awareness for dyscalculia!