Theory of Plate TectonicsTheory of Plate Tectonics

Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics

Plate BoundariesPlate Boundaries

Causes of Plate TectonicsCauses of Plate Tectonics

The plate tectonic theoryThe plate tectonic theory

• Plate tectonics is the theory that Earth's outer layer is made up of plates, which have moved throughout Earth's history. The theory explains the how and why behind mountains, volcanoes, and earthquakes, as well as how, long ago, similar animals could have lived at the same time on what are now widely separated continents.

PangaeaPangaea• In 1912 a German meteorologist named

Alfred Wegener (1880-1931) hypothesized a single proto-supercontinent that divided up into the continents we now know because of continental drift and plate tectonics. This hypothesis is called Pangaea because the Greek word "pan" means "all" and Gaea or Gaia (or Ge) was the Greek name of the divine personification of the Earth. Pangaea, therefore, means "all the Earth." 

Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics

What is Plate TectonicsWhat is Plate Tectonics

• The Earth’s crust and upper mantle are broken into sections called plates

• Plates move around on top of the mantle like rafts

What is the What is the LithosphereLithosphere??

• The crust and part of the upper mantle = lithosphere–100 km thick

–Less dense than the material below it so it “floats”

What is the What is the AsthenosphereAsthenosphere??

• The plastic layer below the lithosphere = asthenosphere

• The plates of the lithosphere float on the asthenosphere

2 Types of Plates2 Types of Plates

• Ocean plates - plates below the oceans

• Continental plates - plates below the continents

Questions...Questions...• What is the theory of plate

tectonics?

• What is the lithosphere?

• What is the asthenosphere?

• What is the connection between the two?

• What are the two types of plates?

Plate BoundariesPlate Boundaries

Divergent BoundariesDivergent Boundaries

• Boundary between two plates that are moving apart or rifting

• RIFTING causes SEAFLOOR

SPREADING

Features of Divergent Features of Divergent BoundariesBoundaries

• Mid-ocean ridges

• rift valleys

• fissure volcanoes

Convergent BoundariesConvergent Boundaries

• Boundaries between two plates that are colliding

• There are 3 types…

Type 1Type 1• Ocean plate colliding with a

less dense continental plate• Subduction Zone: where the

less dense plate slides under the more dense plate

• VOLCANOES occur at subduction zones

Andes Mountains, Andes Mountains, South AmericaSouth America

Type 2Type 2

• Ocean plate colliding with another ocean plate

• The less dense plate slides under the more dense plate creating a subduction zone called a TRENCH

Aleutian Islands, AlaskaAleutian Islands, Alaska

Type 3Type 3

• A continental plate colliding with another continental plate

• Have Collision Zones:–a place where folded and thrust

faulted mountains form.

Transform Fault BoundariesTransform Fault Boundaries

• Boundary between two plates that are sliding past each other

• EARTHQUAKES along faults

San Andreas Fault, CASan Andreas Fault, CA

Questions...Questions...

• What are the three types of boundaries?

• What direction do plates go for each?

• Which boundary has a subduction zone…what occurs at a subduction zone?

Causes of Plate Causes of Plate TectonicsTectonics

Convection CurrentsConvection Currents

• Hot magma in the Earth moves toward the surface, cools, then sinks again.

• Creates convection currents beneath the plates that cause the plates to move.

Questions...Questions...

• What causes plates to move?

• How is a convection current formed?