dy eco part 2
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biodiversity
By Hasimah Azit
![Page 2: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
KINGDOMS
CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISM
Monera
Protista Fungi
Animalia
Plantae
![Page 3: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Monera
Prokaryotic organismNo nuclear membraneE.g. blue green algae and bacteria
![Page 4: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Protista
Unicellular organism and a few multicellular.Eukaryotes Include algae protozoa and slime moldsHeterotrophic or autotrophicE.g. Amoeba sp, Paramecium sp,
Trypanasoma sp, Spyrogyra
![Page 6: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Diatoms
![Page 8: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Fungi
Multicellular and unicellularEukaryoteCell wall contain chitinMain body consist of thread like myceliumSaprophyticE.g. Mucor sp, mushrooms, yeast.
![Page 9: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Plantae
ImmobileMulticellularEukaryoteProduce food by photosynthesisCellulose cell wallE.g. moss, fern, conifer and flowering plant
![Page 11: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Eukaryote Multicellular Heterotrophic Terrestrial And Aquatic Sexual ( A Few Asexual) Motile ( A Few Are Nonmotile) Things Like: Sponges, Jellyfish, Mollusks, Round Worms, Flat
Worms, Segmented Worms, Arthropods, Starfish, Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals
Animalia
![Page 13: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Classification
Classification: The process of putting similar things into groups.
Taxonomy: Is the science of classifying organisms.
![Page 15: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
4000 B.C. ARISTOTLE (GREEK PHILOSOPHER)Created first written classification scheme
>> TWO groups - plants & animals Animal group - anything that lived on land, in the water or in the air.Plant group - based this on their different stems
History of Classification
![Page 16: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
1500's - 1700's Many different classification systems created :
• Many of them really complicated
• Names based on common names - This created confusion
• Names also based on long scientific definitions
![Page 17: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
1700's - Carols Linnaeus Swedish Biologist
• Binomial nomenclature - 2 name naming system - still in use today.
• Created a system of groups called taxa or taxon
• Each taxon is a category into which related organisms are placed
• Approximantly 2.5 million kinds of organisms identified
![Page 18: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• KINGDOM• PHYLUM• CLASS• ORDER• FAMILY• GENUS SPECIES
Modern Day Levels of Classification
![Page 19: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
THE EVIDENCE USED TO CLASSIFY INTO TAXONOMY GROUPS:
1) EMBRYOLOGY 2) CHROMOSOMES / DNA 3) BIOCHEMISTRY 4) PHYSIOLOGY 5) EVOLUTION 6) BEHAVIOR
Modern Taxonomy
![Page 20: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
System of scientific naming
TWO NAMES FOR EVERY ORGANISM: (Binomial nomenclature) GENUS SPECIES The system follows certain rules:
The scientific name must be in Greek or Latin language. This helps to accurate communicate information to other biologist around the world who
use many different languages.
The first part of the name is called the genus and the second part of the name is called the species.
The genus name refers to the relatively small group of organisms to which a particular type of organism belongs.
The second part of the name is the species. The species name is usually a Latin description of some important
characteristic of the organism.
![Page 21: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• The Genus (or surname) as a general rule starts with a capital letter while the Specific name (or personal name) is written completely in lower case.
At times the Genus will be abbreviated to the first letter (the capital letter) followed by the Specific name in full, however this is only after the entire name has been written out in full once.
![Page 22: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Felidae
Genus: Felis
Species: F. catus
![Page 23: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Other member(Panthera tigris) (Panthera tigris)
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Felidae
Genus: Panthera
Species: P. tigris
![Page 25: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Durionaceae
Genus: Durio zibethinus
![Page 26: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Genus: Hibiscus
Species: H. rosa-sinensis
![Page 28: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Mammalia
Subclass: Theria
Order: Primates
Superfamily: Hominoidea
Family: Hominidae
Subfamily: Homininae
Tribe: Hominini
Subtribe: Hominina
Genus: Homo
Species: H. sapiens
Subspecies: H. s. sapiens
![Page 29: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
A microorganism or microbe is an organism that is so small that it is microscopic (invisible to the naked eye).
microorganism
![Page 30: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
DISCUSS THE ROLE OF GATHER INFORMATIONS ON PATOGEN,VECTORS, SYMPTOMS AND METHODS
IN TRANSMISSION OF DISEASES
CONDUCT A FORUM TO DISCUSS THEIMPORTANCE OF PRESERVATIONS AND
CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY
useful microorganisms
![Page 31: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Anton van Leeuwenhoek's
discover microorganisms in 1675, using a microscope of his own design.
![Page 32: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
microbes
Microorganisms are very diverse. They include
bacteria, fungi, protists; microscopic plants (called green algae); Microscopic animals such as plankton, the planarian viruses,
![Page 33: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
HIV
![Page 34: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Useful microorganism
Food production Food production
cheese industry in bread making,alcoholic drinks. Vitamins,
Medical Medical
genetically-modified bacteria are engineered to carry the gene for insulin, steroid cortisone, which is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis
the antibiotics
![Page 37: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Industrial Industrial Symbiotic microbesSymbiotic microbes
The latest food fads have introduced a whole variety of algae and fungi as food.
Microbial enzymes are added to detergents to enhance their power as stain-removers and colour restorers.
Microbes in our intestines help produce certain essential vitamins
Rhizobium living in the nodules of leguminous plants convert nitrogen from the air
Useful microbes
![Page 38: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Environment Environment Water Water
composting, microbes to degrade organic matter into fertile plant stuff, breaking down the organic substances into simple ones,
they break down the oil from oil spills
turning crud into water that is pure enough to be released into rivers or channeled into tanks for chlorination before it once again becomes drinking water
Useful microbes
![Page 39: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Harmful microbes
Cause health problems such as strep throat, chickenpox and the common cold
Destroy foodDestroyed crops
![Page 40: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Infectious diseases: How they spread?
Direct contact:
An easy way to catch most infectious diseases is by coming in contact with someone who has one.
1. Person to person - direct transfer of bacteria, viruses or other germs from one person to another.
- touches, -coughs on or- kisses someone who isn't infected.- the exchange of body fluids from sexual contact or - a blood transfusion.
![Page 41: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Infectious diseases: How they spread?
2. Animal to personpets can carry many germsHandling animal waste can be
hazardous, 3. Mother to unborn child
A pregnant woman may pass germs that cause infectious diseases to her unborn baby.
![Page 42: Dy Eco Part 2](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022103114/5562c184d8b42a09618b50f4/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Indirect contact
Droplet transmission – cough / sneezeInsect vector – dengue fever/ malariaContamination of water – typhoid/
cholera