dust management project simulants workshop update

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration

www.nasa.gov

Dust Management ProjectSimulants Workshop Update

Mark Hyatt

October 10, 2007

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Dust

Dust readily kicked up by walking and the LRV and adheres to everything.

Some portions of the rover became coated with dust. Coating depended upon the material.

Suits were easily coated with dustBearing surfaces on gloves / helmets scratched

Coating on Surveyor was thin, but hard to rub off

J. Plescia, Lunar Particulates8/27/07

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What is dust?Size range of interest for environmental monitoring:

Presently defined respirable range: 20 nm – 25 µ

1 nm 10 nm 100 nm 1 µ 10 µ 100 µ

log dp

ultrafinefine

coarse

This also serves as a working definition for “dust,” corresponding to the size range where electrostatic and Van der Waals dominate

inertial and gravitational forces.

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Dust Project Structure

HRP / LADTAG NESC

Systems EngineeringARC

Julianna Fishman

Chief TechnologistGRC

Phil Abel

S&MAJSC

Rajiv Kohli

1.4.1 Regolith CharacterizationGRC

Ken Street

1.4.2 Environment CharacterizationGSFC

Bill Farrell

1.4.3 Simulant Development & CharacterizationMSFC

Carole McLemore

1.4.4 Engineering ForensicsJSC

Paul Delaune

Engineering Design Environment(WBS 1.4)

1.5.1 Mechanical Components & SealsGRC

Paula Dempsey

1.5.2 Materials and CoatingsLaRC

John Connell

1.5.3 Habitat/Airlock MitigationJSC

Paul DeLaune

1.5.4 Surface Systems MitigationKSC

Carlos Calle

Technology Development(WBS 1.5)

1.6.1 Mechanical Components and Seals

1.6.2 Materials and Coatings

1.6.3 Habitat/Airlock Mitigation

1.6.4 Surface Systems Mitigation

Technology Integration and Testing(WBS 1.6)

Dust Management ProjectGRC, JSCMark Hyatt

Paul DeLaune

ETDPO

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1.2 Systems Engineering & Integration

• 1.2.1 Requirements Analysis and Management• 1.2.2 Systems Analysis

– Analysis of technology needs, gap assessment, priorities and portfolio management, and develops infusion plans• Knowledge Capture (ARC, GRC) knowledge management

database for dust and environment related literature and data• Ground Test Facility Requirements and Capability

Evaluation (GRC, GSFC, JPL) define test requirements for technology integration and validation (focus on “small”chambers), determine facility capabilities and availability

• 1.2.3 Configuration Management

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Dust Project Formulation - Baseline Technical Content

• WBS 1.4 Engineering Design Environment

– Regolith Characterization• Addresses knowledge gaps and guides simulant definition and FOMs

– Environment Characterization• Analytically assesses lunar surface environment and applies to engineering

design and technology development, integration, and testing

– Simulant Definition, FOMs, and Characterization• Proves regolith characterization methodology• Establishes dust simulant figures of merit• Characterizes current simulants to assess applicability for technology

validation testing

– Apollo Engineering Forensics

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Dust Project Formulation - Baseline Technical Content

• WBS 1.5 - Dust Mitigation Technology Development

– Mechanical Components and Seals• Dust Tolerant Bearings, Gimbal/Drive Mechanisms

– Materials and Coatings• Abrasion resistant materials, surface coatings

– Dust Mitigation for Habitat/Airlock Applications• CO2 shower• SPARCLE• Industry Solicitation

– Dust Mitigation for Surface System Applications• Electrostatic curtain• Protection of Thermal Control Surfaces• Self Cleaning Solar Arrays

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Transition toTech Dev Proj

Materials andCoatings

Habitat/AirlockDust Mitigation

Surface SystemsDust Mitigation

Engineeering Forensics

Regolith/Environments Char.

Simulant Char. &Development

MechanicalComponents/Seals

FY 07 FY 08 FY 09 FY 10 FY 11 FY 12

Baseline Technology Development Roadmap (DRAFTv2)

Pre-Phase A Phase A

Report

SimReq.

H/W Design

Engi

neer

ing

Des

ign

Env

ironm

ents

Tech

nolo

gy D

evel

opm

ent

DUST Development PhasesCx Surface Sys. Milestones LCCR LSS SRR

EVA2 SRR EVA2 PDR

Char Dust Samples

Seal Test Gear Test

ThRadFab ThRadTestThRad

Studies/testsCurtainDemo

FOMs Released Existing Sim EvalProduction(unfunded)User

Needs

Complete DustyPlasma Model Dev

Test-Run Studies

Materials SurveyComplete

CompleteComponent Testing

Adv.Bearing Test

Lotus Coating

SPARCLETRL5

CO2 Shower Demo Proof

Synth/Mod ofCandidate Mat’l

LL SRR

LSS SDREVA2 TDIT

SPARCLETRL3

InfusionPoint

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Apollo Forensics Investigation• Objective: To obtain useful data on the

effects of lunar dust exposure on Apollo equipment and space suits.

– Results will be used to guide dust mitigation technology development and to help develop models for the effects of dust exposure on materials and systems

• Approach:– Examination of spacesuits at the Smithsonian

Institution by XRF and tape peels to reveal trapped dust

– Inspection of LiOH cartridge filters– Disassembly and Inspection of EVA glove bearings

and races– Chemical analysis of polymer degradation in suit

materials– Direct SEM imaging of exposed surfaces of an

EVA glove– SEM analysis of dust samples vacuumed from

suits upon return to Earth

• Accomplishments:– Made two visits to Smithsonian and conducted suit

and glove analysis– LiOH cartridge and EVA glove at JSC on loan,

disassembly began in April and SEM imaging underway

Initial visit to Smithsonian to evaluate condition of artifacts, such as the Apollo 17 suit shown above

Optical Micrograph of lunar dust vacuumed from Apollo suit

Electron micrographs from GRC showing damage to the outer layer of Alan Bean’s Apollo 12 suit

SEM image of inner bearing race from Apollo 12 IVA glove (not lunar exposed control case)

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Forensic Analysis of Lunar Dust

J. Anneliese Lawrence, Marshall University John F. Lindsay, Lunar and Planetary Institute Sarah K. Noble, NASA-Johnson Space Center

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Results & Analysis - continued

Tape Peel Calculated %Volume

glass

plagioclasepyroxene

ilmenite

christobalite

This chart is a breakdown by percent volume of lunar grain types for grain sizes between 20-90 microns from Apollo 17 (Mare soils 72501,76501,

and 78221)*.

This chart is a breakdown of percent volume for each lunar

grain type calculated from the tape peels for sizes greater than 2

microns.

Typical Apollo 17 Soil %Volume

pyroxene

glass

olivine

ilmenite

plagioclase

*Papike et. al. 1982

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Summary

• In spite of the fact that the suits were vacuumed and thirty years of storage, lunar grains were still stuck to suit.

• There were many grains of glass and plagioclase found on the suits.

• Yet, most of the volume consisted of pyroxene which was in contrast to grain size/mineralogy of normal Apollo 17 lunar soil.

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The next steps

• We are able to repeat this process with tape peels from Alan Bean’s suit.

• We also have samples vacuumedfrom the suits on Apollo 12,15,16, and 17.

• We have dust from the LiOHfilters which can tell us what dust got into thecommand module.

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Preliminary analysis of Apollo era fabrics and Bean Suit samples

NAS-DIRTJSC: John Lindsay, Roy Christofferson, Sarah Noble,

Joe Kosmo, John FeigheryGRC: Mary Ann Meador, Terry McCue, Vasana Maneeratana

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Apollo12Visor.jpg

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Progression of damage from samples with different degrees of exposure

Unused Apollo fabric Bean’s suit—shoulder under flag patch

Bean’s suit—shoulder exposed Bean’s suit—left knee

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Authentic Bean samples show similar damage to that suffered from Apollo Era fabric with ground-in simulant

Alan Bean’s suit Exposed to simulant

dust management project simulants workshop update

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