•During the 16During the 16thth Century, Century, 1500s, Spain created a 1500s, Spain created a great empire by conquering great empire by conquering and colonizing lands in the and colonizing lands in the Caribbean and large Caribbean and large portions of North and portions of North and South America.South America.

What issues divided the nations What issues divided the nations of Europe during the 1500s? of Europe during the 1500s? RELIGIONRELIGIONProtestant ReformationProtestant Reformation: : •Began in Germany in, 1517, Began in Germany in, 1517, when a monk named Martin when a monk named Martin Luther challenged the authority Luther challenged the authority of the Catholic Churchof the Catholic Church

•Martin Luther and his Martin Luther and his followers became known as followers became known as Protestants because they Protestants because they protested against the protested against the power of the pope and the power of the pope and the Church, which they viewed Church, which they viewed as corrupt and materialistic.as corrupt and materialistic.

Main Idea: •The Protestant Reformation resulted in rivalry among many new religious denominations.

•Under Spanish rule, Indians Under Spanish rule, Indians were enslaved and forced to were enslaved and forced to labor on elabor on encomiendasncomiendas, large , large Spanish-owned plantations. Spanish-owned plantations. They suffered harsh They suffered harsh treatment and were beaten treatment and were beaten and worked to death.and worked to death.

• MissionaryMissionary: A person who works to : A person who works to convert others to his or her convert others to his or her religion.religion.• MissionMission: a place established by : a place established by

friars to convert Indians to friars to convert Indians to Christianity. Christianity. • Bartolome de Las CasasBartolome de Las Casas: he worked : he worked

to win laws to protect the Indians. to win laws to protect the Indians.

• ProblemProblem: Spanish King worried that : Spanish King worried that conquistadors killed too many Indians, conquistadors killed too many Indians, who might be tax-payers.who might be tax-payers.• SolutionSolution: missionaries were run by : missionaries were run by

Catholic friars to convert Indians to Catholic friars to convert Indians to Christianity. Christianity. • Forced Indians to convert to Christianity.Forced Indians to convert to Christianity.• Friars set up Friars set up presidiospresidios, or forts, near the , or forts, near the

missions to keep the Indians in line. missions to keep the Indians in line.

• Viceroy – a ruler of a region in New Spain• Viceroyalty of New Spain:

Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean Islands.• Viceroyalty of Peru: included all

of South America except Brazil which was owned by Portugal.

• MestizoMestizo – a person of Spanish – a person of Spanish and Native American ancestry.and Native American ancestry.• CastasCastas – a complex system of – a complex system of

racial hierarchyracial hierarchy–The bottom: pure Africans and The bottom: pure Africans and

IndiansIndians–The top: Spaniards – enjoyed The top: Spaniards – enjoyed

superior statussuperior status

• Spain colonizes Spain colonizes FloridaFlorida• St. AugustineSt. Augustine, became the first , became the first

enduring, lasting, colonial town enduring, lasting, colonial town that would later become part of that would later become part of the United States. the United States.