dubrovnik's cruise ship tourism - a blessing in disguise
DESCRIPTION
An urban strategy with architectural interventions developed for the city of Dubrovnik, Croatia By Sybille Paulsen & Katharina RiedelTRANSCRIPT
Dubrovnik’S cruiSe Ship TouriSma blessing in disguise
Proposal for an urban strategy with architectural interventionsdeveloped for the city of Dubrovnik, Croatia
Contact
Sybille Paulsen I email: [email protected] I phone: +49 (0) 176 60 96 75 71
Katharina Riedel I email: [email protected] I phone: +49 (0) 171 15 51 70 6
02
PREFACE
Dubrovnik, the pearl of the Adriatic, is a fascinating city because of its rich cultural heritage, its history, its location and its people. It
attracts many international tourists, especially cruise ship tourists due to the location at the Mediterranean Sea. The cruise industry
is the fastest growing sector in the tourism industry. Consequently the city will have to adjust to the circumstances it brings along,
namely the concentration of ships and passengers during the summer season which also results in a congested road network. The
emerging seasonality leads to extreme fluctuations ranging between congestion and emptiness; or between a vivid cultural scene and
a seasonal decline of public activities. Another critical realm is the city’s identity which focuses on the historic city core which limits
Dubrovnik’s identity to the image of the Old Town and restrains its other neighbourhoods to develop their potential.
This accelerating development brings new challenges for a sustainable city development and asks for solutions how to manage
the cruise ship tourism in Dubrovnik. Our project investigates possibilities to integrate cruise ship tourism in Dubrovnik’s urban
development, since it is of crucial importance for the balance of the city and the everyday life of its citizens. Furthermore we propose
to use the cruise ship tourism as a generator for urban development processes with all its positive and negative effects.
Our urban strategy combines a renewed overall public mobility network alongside acupunctural architectural interventions. Placed
strategically throughout the city the interventions trigger urban processes which lead to a slow and therefore genuine urban
development. Newly introduced alternative means of transportation link the interventions in order to increase the impact and create a
more sustainable infrastructure, matched to the needs of tourists and inhabitants likewise. We state that by intensifying certain zones
with new public spaces and sociocultural programms the pressure of the overly congested areas are relieved and in turn improves
the city structure as a whole. The overall aim of the project is to strengthen local communities by emphasising the uniqueness of their
neighbourhoods. A more diverse picture of Dubrovnik will be created while manifold local identities emerge. We propose an inventive
and authentic solution for the city of Dubrovnik which is also applicable for cities from similar historical and cultural backgrounds
dealing with the same issues.
Additionally, the often encountered paradox of having a strong identity in a global context, but lacking identifiability on a local level is
addressed.
Enjoy your reading,
Sybille Paulsen & Katharina Riedel
04
TabLe of conTenTS
inTroDucTion
Dubrovnik’s urban setting
Impact of cruise ship tourism
urban STraTegy
The intensified Dubrovnik
The intensified mobility system
archiTecTuraL inTervenTionS
Gruz - Terminal
Srdj - Libertas Museum
MoMA - Art in residence
Pile - Old Town Pier
Lapad - Beach terrace
evaLuaTion
Intensification and diversification
The extended mobility system handles the cruise ship shuttle traffic
07
08
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
31
05
06
inTroDucTion Dubrovnik’s urban settings
The city of Dubrovnik is taken as
an example on how urban acupuncture can be
used to revitalise neglected neighbourhoods and
create new public spaces for social interaction.
Dubrovnik’s public spaces and its further urban
development are widely seen as challenging,
notably since the Europan 11 competition, where
the city sought solutions for new ways to explore
urban life and to confine the omnipresent traffic
facilities.
Our project proposes an urban
strategy addressing the most critical realms of
the city: the mobility network, seasonality and the city’s identity. It discusses the
regularly congested mobility network, as well
as its prevailing seasonality due to cruise ship
tourism, which leads to extreme seasonal
fluctuations ranging between congestion and
emptiness. Furthermore our thesis treats of the
predominant focus on the historic city core which
limits Dubrovnik’s identity to the image of the
Old Town and restrains other neighbourhoods to
develop their potential. On this basis the city loses
its balance which impairs the quality of life.
In order to restore this balance the
cultural public life, which is already exemplary
during the summer season, has to thrive
throughout the entire year without recession, to
enhance social interaction between the citizens
instead of restricting them. The perception of the
city needs to be broadened in order to explore the
city‘s full potential. The overall aim of the project is
to strengthen local communities by emphasising
the uniqueness of their neighbourhoods. A more
diverse picture of Dubrovnik will be created while
manifold local identities emerge.
Our developed urban strategy
combines a renewed overall public mobility
network alongside acupunctural architectural
interventions, implemented in defined
micro-urban zones. Placed strategically the
interventions trigger urban processes which lead
to a genuine urban development. We state that by
intensifying certain zones with new public spaces
and sociocultural programmes the pressure of the
overly congested areas are relieved and in turn
improves the city structure as a whole.
empty Stradun during winter season crowded Old Town during summer season congested streets in front of the Old Town
introduction 07
oLD ToWn
the pearl of the Adriatic - Dubrovnik’s Old Town dominates the city’s identity
a holistic view - interventions on the whole city scale rebalance the urban system
Rom
Venedig
Barcelona
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Monaco
Algier Tunis
TripolisBenghazi Suez
Jerusalem
Tel Aviv
AntalyaIzmir
Dubrovnik
Split
Istanbul
Kairo
extreme seasonal fluctuations *source: 2010 - Dubrovnik Port Authority
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8
PEAK–SEASON for individual holiday travelsOFF–SEASON
PEAK–SEASON OFF–SEASON cruise ship tourists
10.000 passengers
5.000 passengers
cruise ship itineraries in the context of the Mediterranean Sea
Mayor cruise destinations:#1 Caribbean 46%#2 Mediterranean 11%#3 Alaska 6%
DubrovnIk In our opinion the strong focus on the
historic Old Town is obstructive for Dubrovnik’s
urban development. On the one hand, this iconic
perception is based on the tourists’ demand, for
whom the Old Town poses as the main attraction.
On the other hand, it is the centre of public life
for the citizens, where most of the cultural events
take place.
This concentration seriously affects
the city’s mobility. The additional traffic in the
summery peak season exceeds the capacity of
the infrastructure and leads to congestions. In
that aspect the cohesion with cruise ship tourism
is evident, whereby up to 10.000 day tourists
arrive simultaneously. Those high numbers cause
enormous logistics to transport the masses with
shuttle busses to the Old Town.
Another impact and typical by-product
of this particular mass tourism is the strong
seasonality. The city offers a from wide range of
cultural activities for visitors and inhabitants from
June to September. In the off-season tourism
and happenings decline and the city’s public life
becomes more or less desolated.
Those aforementioned circumstances
lead to extreme fluctuations, which affect the
physical as well as the sociocultural structures of
the city. Dubrovnik oscillates between congestion
and emptiness.
08 introduction
inTroDucTion Impact of cruise ship tourism
overstrained infrastructure system due to shuttle traffic between the harbour in Gruz and the Old Town
Gruz Old Town
Cavtat // AirportSplit // Ston
Highway E 65
GruZ
526 cruise ships / year611.756 passengers / year
179 cruise ships / year259.879 passengers / year
oLD ToWn
CruIse shIp TourIsTs
experience I 7 cities in 7 daysDuration of shore leave I 4 -7 hours$$$ I tourists spend little money but cruise ships pay harbour dues
time spent on the ship
0.5 h
time spent commuting
1.5 htime spent in the Old Town
4.5 h
time spent in the harbour
0.5 h
AverAGe sTAY : 7h
179
259.879
cruise ships / year
passengers / year
OLD TOWN
526
611.756
cruise ships / year
passengers / year
GRUZ
705cruise ships / year
passengers / year
871.635
DubrovnIk
24%
1.3 Mio
increase - booked cruises
increase - expected visitors
prospeCTs
*source: 2010 - Statistic Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia
introduction 09
urban STraTegy
10 urban strategy
A strategy of deconcentration was
developed as an answer to the state of extreme
concentration in the mobility and identity issue of
the city.
The seasonally congested road
network is relieved by an additional public
transport network which connects the city in a
new way. An additional cable car links the two
parts of the city via the mountain Srdj and a water
taxi line connects Dubrovnik via the sea side. Both
new means of transportation offer an additional
alternative choice to get around in the city.
The aim of the new mobility network
is to orchestrate and deconcentrate the masses,
hence a strategy of deconcentration, as well as
creating a sustainable and easily accessible
public transportation system.
urban STraTegy Mobility: creating alternative connections
new public transport system
orchastrating the masses
existing connection between Gruz and the Old Town
Gruz
Old Town
70 minduring peak season15 min
45 min
eXiSTing TENSE SiTuaTion
l Existing connections by bus /car / foot
gruZoLD
ToWn
gruZoLD
ToWn
oLDToWngruZoLD
ToWn
40 minduring peak season
neW RELIEVED SiTuaTion
l Existing connections via bus /car / foot
45 mingruZoLD
ToWn
15 mingruZ
oLDToWn
oLDToWn
NEU
lll New connection via the water by water taxi
10 min 25 min 32 mingruZ
oLDToWn
NEU
ll New connection via the mountain by cable car
3 min 18 min 21 min
oLDToWngruZ
urban strategy 11
urban STraTegy Identity: enhancing potential subcenters
trigger
subcenters
placing architectural interventions that trigger the urban development
localising potential subcenters outside of the Old Town
Old Town
Gruz
architectural acupuncture
Here the paradox that Dubrovnik
has a very strong identity in a global context
but is lacking identifiability on a local level is
addressed. To equalize this phenomena of
a concentrated identity the development of
potential subcenters outside of the Old Town is
stimulated.
The research focuses on public spaces
of interaction, where tourists and inhabitants
already encounter each other. Moreover the
specific characters of these zones were analysed
to strengthen the local identity of the places.
Architectural acupuncture is
stimulating the urban development process by
placing architectural interventions, so called
„triggers“, in these three prospective subcenters.
The triggers are hybrids of an infrastructural
programme, ensuring the connection to the city,
and a socio-cultural programme deriving from the
aforementioned character analysis of the zones.
Hence they link both strategic measures - the
extension of the public transport system and
the stimulation of the socio cultural exchange,
resulting in an enriched public life and activation
of the urban fabric.
inhabiTanTS
beaches & parks
restaurants& bars
cultural institutions
hotels
sights TouriSTS
inhabiTanTS & TouriSTS inTenSifieD ciTysubcenters
zones of retreat
subcenter analysis 1: zones of interaction among the inhabitants
Socio cuLTuraL programm mobiLiTy programm
triggers: architectural hybrids of two programmes to activate the subcenters
subcenter analysis 2: zones of interaction among the tourists
subcenter analysis 3: overlay of zones to identify the parts of the city where tourists and inhabitants interact
subcenter analysis result: 3 subcenters are defined, where interaction among inhabitants and tourists take place, as well as a “grey area”, the zones of retreat which are untouched residential areas for the inhabitants.
12 urban strategy
zones of interaction / envisioned subcenters unplanned area / functioning city unplanned area / zones of retreat
5LAPAD
5 Lapad Bay Sauna, Lapad
1 Gruz Terminal, Gruz
2 Libertas Museum, Mount Srdj
3 MoMa Artist-in-Residence, Ploce
4 Pile Station, Pile
urban STraTegy The intensified City
urban strategy 13
3 MoMA4PILE
1 GRUZ
2 SRDJ
14 architectural interventions
archiTecTuraL inTervenTionS Cable Car Connection
The harbour in Gruz is a segregated
area, inaccessible for the inhabitants and
Dubrovnik‘s biggest area without inclination.
In the summer time the harbour is used to its
full capacity handling up to eight cruise ships at
a time. Despite the high number of cruise ship
tourists that arrive here day by day hardly anyone
spends time in this part of the town. Most of
them immediately continue their journey to
the famous Old Town at the other end of the city.
During the winter season the activity decreases
and the vast, cut-off harbour area is abandoned.
A striking theme of Gruz is the
difference in the buildings scale: from big
scale cruise ships over medium size storage halls,
administrative buildings and hotels to small scale
housing. With its markets, cafes and restaurants
Gruz is a lively area for the inhabitants.
1 gruZ Character Analysis
Queen Mary 2
HOTEL PETKA
AUTOBUSN KOLODVOR
GRUZ SHOPPING
100m1:500
Queen Mary 2 (341m)
Bus Terminal (86m)Shopping Center (66m)
Hotel Petka (53m)
Souvenirs (3m)Gruz Dwellings (6-20m) Access Gate (10m) Ticket Shop (17m) Kiosk (3m) Tent (4m)
Cruise Ship Terminal (117m) Gruz Port Authority (45m)
Konzum Supermarket (90m)Halls (58m)
Queen Mary 2
HOTEL PETKA
AUTOBUSN KOLODVOR
GRUZ SHOPPING
100m1:500
Queen Mary 2 (341m)
Bus Terminal (86m)Shopping Center (66m)
Hotel Petka (53m)
Souvenirs (3m)Gruz Dwellings (6-20m) Access Gate (10m) Ticket Shop (17m) Kiosk (3m) Tent (4m)
Cruise Ship Terminal (117m) Gruz Port Authority (45m)
Konzum Supermarket (90m)Halls (58m)
Queen Mary 2
HOTEL PETKA
AUTOBUSN KOLODVOR
GRUZ SHOPPING
100m1:500
Queen Mary 2 (341m)
Bus Terminal (86m)Shopping Center (66m)
Hotel Petka (53m)
Souvenirs (3m)Gruz Dwellings (6-20m) Access Gate (10m) Ticket Shop (17m) Kiosk (3m) Tent (4m)
Cruise Ship Terminal (117m) Gruz Port Authority (45m)
Konzum Supermarket (90m)Halls (58m)
large scale structures
segregated area
Gruz harbour: arrival point for most cruise ship tourists
a playful handling of different scales
analytic map - main influences and characteristics on site
architectural interventions 15
The new terminal building in Gruz
is located next to the segregated area of the
harbour. It plays with the varying scales of
the site, ranging between small scale housing
and large scale warehouses of the harbour. It
combines a necessary mobility hub with leisure
orientated programme to equalise its transient character.
The building reacts to the seasonal
changes of the district. It expands in the winter
season and integrates the unused harbour areal,
adding it to its programmatic variety. Thus the vast
open area turns into an accessible park landscape
and invites the citizens to reconquer this mostly
unaccessible land. The building complex houses
the cable car station, the international bus station,
a roof top park and a flexible event space. This
big open space is able to host various big events.
Secondly it serves as parking spaces in the
inbetween times, where no event takes place and
the need for parking spots demands it.
archiTecTuraL inTervenTionS Cable Car Connection
1 gruZ Gruz Terminal
gruz terminalgruz harbourcable car station, water taxi station, flexible indoor space, roof park and car park14.312 m211.451 m20,816.885 m211 m above ground
project:location:
programm:
plot area:gross floor area:floor area ratio:
outdoor floor area:building height:
main building materials
mobility programm
2:00 pm / 28. october: kite festival
pArk LAnDsCApefor recreation
shops & CAFesfor waiting & watching
ouTLookfor watching ships
evenT spACefor flexible uses
16 architectural interventions
archiTecTuraL inTervenTionS Cable Car Connection
2 SrDJ Character Analysis
The view from Mount Srdj over
Dubrovnik, the Adriatic sea and the mountains
is majestic. From up there the city can be
perceived as a whole and the visitor can
observe the urban life with distance. The existing
cable car station houses a cafe, souvenir shop and
an outside amphitheatre. Right beside the station
is the imperial fortress build by Napoleon which
hosts a war museum today to commemorate the
defence of Dubrovnik during the war in the 1990’s.
analytic map - main influences and characteristics on site
view from cable car station
Dubrovnik and Mount Srdj
architectural interventions 17
InTerACTIve eXhIbITIonfor educating & discussing
pAnorMA TerrACefor overviewing the city
archiTecTuraL inTervenTionS Cable Car Connection
2 SrDJ Libertas Museum
The cable car station connects Gruz
with the high plateau of the local mountain Srdj.
Architecturally the station is carved into the
mountain with a 360° roof terrace, overlooking
Dubrovnik‘s stunning landscape.
The building houses the “Libertas
Museum” which broaches the issue of Dubrovnik‘s
independence in the course of history. Thereby
the new Libertas Museum creates a counterpart
to the already existing war museum located at
the other cable car station towards the Old town.
Thus the panoramic view can be perceived with
two very different connotations; one of war
and destruction and one of freedom and peace.
From the entrance the visitor is lead through
the museum along a ramp, passing an exhibition
about the city’s historic development. The waiting
hall provides enough space for small events, like
lectures or temporary exhibitions. libertas stationmount srdjcable car station andcity museum1.400 m21.785 m20,782.700 m26.454 m above ground
project:location:
programm:
plot area:gross floor area:floor area ratio:
outdoor floor area:building height:
main building materials
mobility programm
12:01 am /1. January: new years celebration
LIberTAs MuseuMfor educating
18 architectural interventions
archiTecTuraL inTervenTionS Water Taxi Connection
3 moma Character Analysis
The district of Ploce consists of
residential housing, cultural institutions like the
Museum of Modern Art and hotels alined at the
shore. The hotels are mostly four or five star
accommodations with a great and unique view on the Old Town of Dubrovnik. The Lazareti
and the Revelin, which are found on the way to
the Ploce Gate, house cultural events like parties,
concerts and exhibitions. The popular Banje
beach is situated between the Old Town and
Excelsior hotel. This is a thriving and lively public
space in the summer time .
momabanje beach
hotel excelsior
view from Hotel Excelsior to the Old Town
hotels
beaches
cultural insitutions
Lazareti with the Revelin in the backgroundBanje beach
Ploce
analytic map - main influences and characteristics on site
architectural interventions 19
open sTuDIofor teaching & exhibiting
pubLIC sQuArefor seeing & being seen
beACh DeCkfor sunbathing & swimming
ArTIsT sTuDIosfor creating & studying
archiTecTuraL inTervenTionS Water Taxi Connection
3 moma Artist-in-residence
This hybrid of an artist residence and
a water taxi station is located directly in front of
Dubrovnik‘s Museum of Modern Art. It connects
the Museum to the coastline and accentuates
the slightly hidden institution with a public space
arranged in front of it.
The building cascades down
alongside the cliffs, thereby connecting the water
taxi pier with the street level. Nestling to the
coastline it keeps the panoramic view on the Old
Town for the expensive hotels intact. The artist
studio spaces for the artists are connected via
an publicly accessible path system, allowing the
visitors to have an insight into the artists work.
This provokes interaction among the different
users. The artists private and collective rooms are
located more remotely underneath the studios,
allowing privacy and contemplation. MoMA residenceplocewater taxi pier and artist-in-residence1086 m2516 m20,4873 m222,9 m above ground
project:location:
programm:
plot area:gross floor area:floor area ratio:
outdoor floor area:building height:
main building materials
mobility programm
4:00 pm / 2. June: artist in residence open studio exhibition
20 architectural interventions
archiTecTuraL inTervenTionS Water Taxi Connection
4 pile Character Analysis
The drop-off area for the public
busses, taxis and private cruise coaches is located
in front of the Pile Gate, hence this gate is the main
entrance to the Old Town. During the summer
season it is congested and overcrowded.
Meanwhile the two other gates to the Old Town,
Buza and Ploce Gate, are hardly used. The
sidewalks along the moat are very narrow and
close to the busy streets, making it difficult for
tourist groups to use them.
Potential areas that are currently used
as car parks and taxi hubs have the potential to be
converted into a pedestrian park connecting the
gates and profiting from the impressive views on
the city walls.
potential !
PILE GATE
BUZAGATE
PLOCEGATE
NEWBus station &
parking
cabel car station
congested Pile Gate parking in the moatexisiting park on sea level
current traffic situation in Pile
BUZAGATE
PLOCEGATE
PILE GATE
New Bus station & Car park
access to Old Town
bus traffic
analytic map - main influences and characteristics on site
architectural interventions 21
archiTecTuraL inTervenTionS Water Taxi Connection
4 pile Old Town Pier
Next to the architectural intervention
a redesign on urban level is planned. In order
to deconcentrate the pile drop-off area the
private cruise ship shuttle coaches and the taxi
drop-off are relocated to a new spot at Buza Gate.
There the construction of multi-use car park and
infrastructural hub should be considered. The
parking facilities for cars should be gathered in
this new building as well, clearing the potential
areas in the moat for a pedestrian connection.
Predominantly the urban and architectural
interventions are meant to orchestrate the masses that want to get in and out of the Old
Town.
The water taxi station relieves the
public transport on street level and creates
an inviting public space on water level. The
architectural interventions are minimal: two roofs
offer shelter from the weather and create space
to improvise a public use, e.g. a market. The pier
prominently reaches out to the open sea between
the rocks. Its roof creates a waiting area for the
water taxi passengers. At the other end big stairs
connect the park with the street level.
pile pierpilewater taxi pier and flexible sheltered space for improvised programm4.884345 m20,071.460 m25 m above ground
project:location:
programm:
plot area:gross floor area:floor area ratio:
outdoor floor area:building height:
main building materials
mobility programm
1:00 pm / 28. August: market and lido performance
13
GArDenfor relaxing & gathering
GArDenfor playing & interaction
rooFfor waiting & resting
rooFfor playing & interaction
22 architectural interventions
archiTecTuraL inTervenTionS Water Taxi Connection
5 LapaD Character Analysis
The bay’s shore is alternating between
rocky cliffs, pebble beaches and man-made
shapes and stairs taming the rough nature. Lapad
bay is a popular beach in Dubrovnik and used by
locals and tourists likewise. The coastline is lined
with hotels promising great views and access
to the sea. In the summer time the area is very
vivid and the area celebrates body culture and the experience of the senses: swimming,
sun bathing, sailing, playing, relaxing. The lack
of a proper winter programme leaves the bay
abandoned during the off season.
100m1:2000
shore variation: man made vs. natural rocky coastline
lively summer season abandoned winter seasonenjoying the warm water
hotels
beaches
bathing areas
analytic map - main influences and characteristics on site
architectural interventions 23
beach terracelapad baywater taxi station, sun deck & sauna1.226 m2233m20,19993 m24 m above ground
project:location:
programm:
plot area:gross floor area:floor area ratio:
outdoor floor area:building height:
archiTecTuraL inTervenTionS Water Taxi Connection
5 LapaD Beach Terrace
The seasonal differences can be
clearly experienced in the Lapad Bay. As soon
as the temperatures drop in wintertime and the
sea turns cold the bay is abandoned and empty.
The architectural intervention responds to this
phenomena by offering different uses for the two
seasons, introducing a winter programme for the bay. During winter a sauna landscape
takes advantage of the cold water temperatures.
In summer the terrace serves as a beach deck for
sunbathing and sporty activities. In both seasons
the intervention stays authentic to the bays
characteristic theme “body culture”.
The building nestles against the rocky
coast line, hiding the sauna and change rooms
inside the cliffs. The sun deck mimics the man-
made shapes that are already present in the
design of the bay. The water taxi connection
makes the area easily accessible by sea. The
Lungomare, which encloses the bay, guarantees
access by foot.
main building materials
mobility programm
8:00 am / 11. november: cooling off after the sauna
13
WATer TAXI pIerfor arriving & departing
beACh DeCkfor sunbathing & swimming
sAunA for relaxation
The project intents to transform
Dubrovnik into a versatile and balanced city; we
call it the intensified Dubrovnik. By this means
the city becomes resilient and adaptable. Due to
that progression the city is capable to absorb the
seasonal fluctuations on every level and thus
minimises its subsequent effects.
The project explaines how targeted
interventions can function as a catalyst for
fundamental urban transformations. The punctual
intensification and diversification of small defined
„micro-hubs“ in the different neighbourhoods
are minimal operations, which achieve maximal
results. Urban processes are provoked and
ideally implemented with the participation of the
citizens.
Furthermore the project strives to
initiate a sustainable development for the city
on different levels. Firstly the new mobility system
reduces the road users and introduces eco-
friendlier means of transportation, emitting less
C02. Secondly a social sustainability is envisioned
by supporting sociodiversity and interaction. Thus
the local communities are strengthened, leading
to vivid neighbourhoods and enhancing the
quality of life for the citizens.
For the implementation and the final
definition of the trigger-projects a democratic
process is favoured, which should ideally be based
on the participation of the citizens together with
the local authorities. In that way the development
will be authentic and fruitful.
This strategy has the major advantage
that it can be implemented in phases and to a
flexible extent, concerning available budgets
and resources as a point of origin. Therefore the
developed approach is equally applicable during
times of the global economic crisis.
24 evaluation
evaLuaTion Intensification and diversification
“Strategic punctual interventions can create a new energy and help the
desired scenario to be consolidated. This is “Urban Acupuncture”: it revitalises
an ... area and its surroundings through a simple touch of a key point. Just
as in the medical approach, this intervention will trigger positive chain-
reactions, helping to ... enhance the whole system.
There are three fundamental issues that are key to the good quality of urban
life: sustainability, mobility and sociodiversity.“
Jamie Lerner, Harvard Business Review, 2011
newly activated buildings buildings within subcenters buildings inbetween buildings in zones of retreat
For the interpretation of our research
we would like to place the project in the context
of the „urban acupuncture“ methodology. In the
current urban and architectural discourse this
approach is intensely discussed and seen as
an innovative alternative to large-scale master
planning. The method got already applied in cities
like Curitiba in Brazil. Jamie Lerner, architect
and the city‘s mayor, succeeded to revitalise the
entire city system by stimulating problematic
neighbourhoods punctually.
a balanced city: offering a gradient of interaction ranging between intense subcentres and zones of retreat
evaluation 25
diversification over time - rhythms and life cycles of the urban space
26 evaluation
evaLuaTion The intensified Gruz
Shops & Cafés
Bus Station
Park
Concerts
Cinema
Skating
Roller Disco
Flexible Space
ShopsRestaurantsClubsBars
* inoperable due to stormy weatherCable Car Station
*
Ferry Terminal
*
ENRICHMENT of CORE PROGRAMME
IMPLEMENTATION of CORE PROGRAMME
wintersummer wintersummer wintersummer
INTENSIFICATION within the ZONE
Gruz terminal serves as a landmark
and combines the functions of a mobility hub
with a flexible event space and a public park. It
introduces leisure activities in an area dominated
by its roughness and transitory character.
The intensification of the zone begins with the
enrichment of the core programme with more
diverse uses. Improvised activities take place like
skating or movie screenings. This adoption of the
place by the citizens triggers the settlement of
new active programme along the harbour road.
the gradual settlement of new public programmes already activated buildings phase 01 phase 02
diversification over time - rhythms and life cycles of the urban space
evaluation 27
evaLuaTion The intensified srdj
Libertas Museum
*
Cable Car Station
Park
Independence Day Party
Lectures
Panoramic Photo Point
Planting The Park
New Years Celebration
ENRICHMENT of CORE PROGRAMME
IMPLEMENTATION of CORE PROGRAMME
wintersummer wintersummer wintersummer
INTENSIFICATION within the ZONE
* inoperable due to stormy weather
Srdj station connects Gruz and the Old
Town. At the same time the Libertas Museum
gives an input to the visitors, influencing his
perception on the city panorama. The core
programme will be diversified with events like
lectures and public celebrations. It is not intended
to intensify this area with new buildings, it will
have its effect on the valley stations
the gradual settlement of new public program already activated buildings phase 01 phase 02
evaLuaTion The intensified MoMA
ENRICHMENT of CORE PROGRAMME
IMPLEMENTATION of CORE PROGRAMME
wintersummer wintersummer wintersummer
INTENSIFICATION within the ZONE
*
* inoperable due to stormy weatherWater Taxi Pier
Artist Studios Art SuppliesGaleries Bars Fishing Supplies
Exhibition Space
Diving Contest
Beach Deck
Performing Summer Festival
Beach Party
Dubrovnik Art Fair
Art Classes
Fishing Fishing Competion
Artist Studios
New Artists Moving In
diversification over time - rhythms and life cycles of the urban space
28 evaluation
the gradual settlement of new public program already activated buildings phase 01 phase 02
The MoMA artist-in-residence
programme reemphasises the city‘s edge behind
the Old Town, focussing on artistic culture. In the
process of adoption to the new activation the core
programme of artist studios and exhibition spaces
will be enriched by art classes, art fairs and
performances for the Summer Festival. These
additional activities trigger the intensification
of the zone with new settlement of for example
galleries, studios, shops for art supplies and bars.
diversification over time - rhythms and life cycles of the urban space
evaluation 29
Playground
Garden
Ping Pong TournamentIndoor Sports (eg. Ping Pong)
Location for the Dubrovnik Sweets Festival
Ice Cream Parlour
Gardening in the Moat local boat repair
Flexible Space
Summer Festival Performance
Kayak Rental
ENRICHMENT of CORE PROGRAMME
IMPLEMENTATION of CORE PROGRAMME
wintersummer wintersummer wintersummer
INTENSIFICATION within the ZONE
*
* inoperable due to stormy weatherWater Taxi Pier
evaLuaTion The intensified pile
the gradual settlement of new public program already activated buildings phase 01 phase 02
Pile Old Town pier establishes a
new access to the Old Town by the waterfront.
Its main task is to organise and distribute the
flow of people. Additionally the flexible space
at the square can shelter spontaneous public
activities, like performances and sports. The
triggered intensification of the surrounding mainly
influences the Old Town Moat, which has the
potential to become a lush green connecting park
with locations for urban farming.
30 evaluation
evaLuaTion The intensified Lapad
*
* inoperable due to stormy weatherWater Taxi Pier
Sundeck
Sauna
Cool Off
Summer Festival Performance
Beach Party
New Year Bathing
(converted) Saunas Whirlpools Massages Sport Facilities
ENRICHMENT of CORE PROGRAMME
IMPLEMENTATION of CORE PROGRAMME
wintersummer wintersummer wintersummer
INTENSIFICATION within the ZONE
diversification over time - rhythms and life cycles of the urban space
the gradual settlement of new public program already activated buildings phase 01 phase 02
Lapad beach terrace introduces new
uses during the winter season in Lapad Bay,
keeping the zone vivid almost all year long. The
enrichment of the core programme foresees
events like new year bathing, beach parties or
using the Lapad terrace as a stage for Summer
Festival performances. The developments in
that area will trigger similar new venues to settle
around the bay, like whirlpools, saunas and sport
facilities.
1.
2.
8.
9.
GruZ
oLD ToWn
1.
2.
8.
9.
GruZ
oLD ToWn
current shore excursion itineraries - the few connecting streets between Gruz and the Old Town are easily congested - poorer experience for the cruise ship tourists
possible future shore excursion itineraries - using the new mobility system relieves the city traffic - manifold first impressions for the tourists
evaluation 31
evaLuaTion The extended mobility system handles the cruise ship shuttle traffic
The authorsSybille Paulsen and Katharina Riedel, both young architects based in Berlin, graduated from
the University of Technology Berlin in 2012 with the diploma thesis „Dubrovnik Cruiseship
Tourism- a blessing in disguise“ at the chair of Prof. Bostjan Vuga. Their fields of research are
urban processes and the composition of public space.
Sybille Paulsen Sybille undertook further education at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, School of
Architecture, Copenhagen. During her studies she assisted Prof. Susanne Hoffmann, founder
of the office Baupiloten, in developing and leading several participation based workshops. She
has worked for Graft Architects, Berlin and is currrently practising as an artist and designer.
Katharina Riedel Katharina undertook further education at the Delft University of Technology. During her
studies she participated in multiple international workshops e.g. at Tsinghua University
in Bejing and with die Angewandte, Vienna. She has worked several years as a student
tutor at the University of Technology Berlin and in various offices amongst others NL
architects, Amsterdam. Currently she is working as an architect in Berlin, establishing her own
architecture and urbanism practice.
ABOUT
The AuThOrSSybille Paulsen
(Dipl.-Ing. of Architectural Studies)
Katharina Riedel
(Dipl.-Ing. of Architectural Studies)
PrOjecT PhASeDecember 2011 - June 2012
within the framework of the University of Technology Berlin
Guest Professor Boštjan Vuga
Straße des 17. Juni 152
10623 Berlin
cOncePT, DeSiGn, cOMPOSiTiOnSybille Paulsen, Katharina Riedel
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording other-
wise, without the prior written permission from the authors.
SOurceSIf not mentioned otherwise, for sketches, models, photography, plans, and computer-generated
pictures: Sybille Paulsen, Katharina Riedel
DiScLAiMerThe authors have taken every effort to trace the copyright holders of photographs and plans
reproduced in this edition. Should any copyright holders be missed, we ask those affected to contact
the authors.
cOnTAcTSybille Paulsen I email: [email protected] I phone: +49 (0) 176 60 96 75 71
Katharina Riedel I email: [email protected] I phone: +49 (0) 171 15 51 70 6
imprinT
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