dubock presentation
DESCRIPTION
Adrian Dubock presentation at IFPRI Policy Seminar "Leveraging Agriculture to Improve Human Nutrition Prospects for Golden Rice" held at IFPRI on Thursday, April 14, 2011TRANSCRIPT
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Golden Rice – What Now?With some special emphasis on India
IFPRI Policy Seminar April 14th 2011
Adrian Dubock
Golden Rice Project Manager
www.goldenrice.org
S R RaoAdvisor, Government of India
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Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato contains 1-160 µg/g retinol equivalents
Biofortified staple foods can sustainably complement other VAD interventions, with less cost and logistical problems so better population coverage
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Progress towards UN MDG Goal 4:Reduction of <5Years Child Mortality
Sources: Levels & Trends in Child Mortality. UNICEF 2010The State of the World’s Children. UNICEF 2008
www.un.org/en/mdg/summit2010*West, Klemm & Sommer, 2010.
Deaths 1990 2006 2009 2015Target
Per year 12.4m 9.7m 8.1m <4.1m
Per day ~34,000 >26,000 ~22,000 <11,200
“23 – 34% reduction in preschool mortality can be expected from
Vitamin A programs reaching children in undernourished settings”*
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PRIME MINISTER SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITEE
MINISTRIES / DEPARTMENTS DEALING NUTRITION PROGRAMMES
Science &
Technology
AgricultureHuman Resource
Development
Consumer Affairs, Food and public
Distribution
Women &Child
Development
Nutrition policyNational Nutrition BoardIntegrated Child Development servicesNutrition Education & training
Consumer protectionPublic Distribution of food Price control of essential commodities
Mid- Day meal scheme
Seeds and Food Production / regulationAgricultural Research & Education
Basic research Technology DevelopmentBiotechnology
Health&
Family welfare
National blindness control Health & nutrition research ImmunizationFood safety regulation
PLANNING COMMISSION
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1. Continue nutritional research to demonstrate effect on Vitamin A status
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The human bioconversion of the beta carotene in Golden Rice to Vitamin A is better than from conventional food sources:
•Excellent in adults
•Even better in children
•The effect of fat in the diet on bioconversion is minimal
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Golden Rice picture~40 g per day of Golden Rice, with 6 µg/ gram of β-carotene can provide >40% of the EAR daily.
Sufficient to combat morbidity and mortality from Vitamin A deficiency
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2. Breeding into locally adapted and preferred rice varieties in all countries
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Version 1 – Received in Taipei 309 in 2003. Research abandoned when marker free materials available
Version 2 – Received in Taipei 309 & IR64 in 2004 – Backcross breeding workcompleted. Work abandoned when higher carotenoid content materials became available
Version 3 – GR1- Received in Cocodrie in 2005. Work abandoned by Golden Rice Humanitarian Board decision in favour of GR2 in 2009, following human trials results for bioconversion
Version 4 – GR2R - Received in Kaybonnet in 2006 & via IRRI in IR36 and IR 64 in late 2010
Golden Rice Research In IndiaThree rice breeding centres involved,...........patient rice breeders.............
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Everywhere, the current Golden Rice was created once by genetic engineering about 8 years ago.
Since then it has been about:• multiplying that rice seed•breeding the trait into Asian rice varieties•selecting the best materials for further breeding into local rice varieties
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Some of the Golden Rice team in Vietnam
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Screenhouse facility for Golden rice work in India – 600 m2 area
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Back cross derived lines of Swarna
Swarna Golden SwarnaHomozygous lines available for evaluation………..
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GR2R Crosses with ADT43 & ASD16 at TNAU Feb 2011
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IR36 GR2R
IR64 GR2R
Swarna GR2R
All for Planting in screen house in Feb 2011
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Golden Rice breeding program (India):…….
Golden Rice is in high yielding good quality Indian rice varieties
Field trials India are planned for 2012
Golden Rice is now being combined with rice with additional
agronomic traits
‘Golden Rice + submergence tolerance ’
‘Golden rice + Bacterial Blight resistance’
‘Golden rice + high iron rice combination’ is planned
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3. Marketing research to understand peoples interest, attitudes & sources of influence
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‘ New food crops‘ have a 5000 year movement history:
Sunflower
Corn
Potato
TomatoCassava
Sugar beet
Wheat
Coffee
Rape
Rape
Kiwi
Sugar cane
Soybean, Bean
1550
1900
1529
1804
= Years1955
Source: Fond der chemischen Industrie - Nr. 20 »Biotechnologie/Gentechnik«, Frankfurt/M, 1996, modified 2003
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Demand creation & consumption: modifying behaviour:
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What do people think?
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After probing for attitudes, eventually information is given about Golden Rice...then attitudes probed again
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4. ContinueEconomic analysis to support policy adoption of Golden Rice as an additional health intervention
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Cost effectiveness per DALY saved (US$)
Stein et al., Nature Biotechnology 2006, 24, 10, 200-201
World Health Organisation value of a DALY 620 1860
Highest efficiency Lowest efficiency
Supplementation costs (Vit A capsule distribution)
134 599
Vitamin A food fortification 84 ?
Golden Rice 3 19
DALY = Disability Adjusted Life Year
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• 35 per cent of the developing world's malnourished children.Malnourishment
• largest number of Vitamin A deficient childrenin the world; only 43 per cent of children(aged 6-59 months) receive the recommendedtwo doses of Vitamin A per year.
Vitamin A deficiency
• 75 per cent of children and 51 per cent of women Iron deficiency anemia
• no way to obtain iodine from the diet;fortification is essential. only 50 per cent ofIndian households have access to adequatelyiodized salt.
Iodine deficiency
• Contributes stunting of 42 per cent of children Zinc deficiency
HIDDEN HUNGER IN INDIA
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• 330,000 child deaths precipitated Vitamin A deficiency
• 6.6 million children born mentally impaired Iodine deficiency
• Intellectual capacity reduced by 15 per cent Iodine deficiency
• 22,000 people, mainly pregnant women, die severe anaemia
• 200,000 babies born with neural tube defects ; 16 times the global average.
Folic acid deficiency
THE CONSEQUENCES OF MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES IN INDIA EVERY YEAR
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Indian “public’s” concerns about food safety and the environment, especially concerning genetically enhanced crops
Regulatory aspects of genetically engineered crops
Multiplication and delivery systems for biofortified crop seeds
Creation of an enabling environment for adoption through attitudinal research, appropriate partnerships and social marketing
Making biofortified foods available to the Indian Population requires consideration also of:
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Asian GDP could benefit by >US$15 billion annually -due to increases in agricultural productivity - from conservatively adopting Golden Rice, …………
Kym Anderson, et al. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3380, August 2004
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BREEDING OBJECTIVESIRON ZINC PROVITAMIN A
GERMPLASM SCREENING & NUTRIENT ANALYSIS
MICRONUTRIENT RETENTION &BIOAVAILBILITY
BIOLOGICAL IMPACT IN HUMANSEFFICACY TRIALS
POPULATION IMPACT -EFFECTIVENESS
PUBLIC OR PRIVATE OR PPP DELIVERY SYSTEMS
BIOFORTICATION STRATEGY FOR INDIA SEED TO SPOON
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:We welcome Helen Keller International to the Golden Rice project in Philippines and Bangladesh as we move towards adoption of Golden Rice as an additional intervention for Vitamin A deficiency alleviation
We are delighted with the new funding for Golden Rice’s development in Philippines and Bangladesh from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
The regulatory data generated will be made available free of charge also to the Golden Rice projects in other countries, which will be very helpful
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For additional information, please visit our website: www.goldenrice.org
ETH / Swiss Federal Funds European CommissionHarvestPlusUSAIDSyngenta CompanySyngenta FoundationNational Institutes of Health (USA)The Golden Rice Humanitarian BoardBayer, Mogen, Novartis, Monsanto, Orynova, Zeneca
Rice Teams & budgets @•IRRI
•Phil Rice- Philippines
•CLRRI- Vietnam
•DBT, IARI, DRR,TNAU- India
To all our sponsors at various times,since before 1990: