dtm can ho the summit

8/2/2019 DTM Can Ho the Summit

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CNG TY TNHH BO CO NH GI TC NG MI TRNGT KINH TUYN S MT D N: KHU CHUNG C CAO CP THE SUMMIT

M U

1. XUT X CA D N

Nng khng ch l mt trung tm kinh t m cn l cu ni quan trng vi cc tnh

Min Trung, Ty Nguyn, Nam Lo, ng Bc Campuchia. Nng c cng, c sn bay

quc t, c h thng thng tin lin lc hin i. Nng c mt v tr a l thun li l

nm gia ba di sn vn ho th gii: C Hu, ph c Hi An v thnh a M Sn

lm ni r vai tr ca thnh ph Nng trong khu vc, l ni n tip, phc v, trung

chuyn khch.

Vi u th l c c s h tng tt, ang ngy cng hon thin, c ch u t thng

thong, hin ngy cng c nhiu doanh nghip c vn u t nc ngoi u t vo

Nng. Ngoi ra, vi chnh sch m rng v vic cc nh u t nc ngoi c mua nh

ti Vit Nam v chnh sch m rng cho ngi Vit Nam nh c ti nc ngoi c mua

nh Vit Nam khin cho nhu cu v cn h cht lung cao ti Nng s ngy cng tng.

Khng nhng th, s pht trin mnh m ca Nng cn li ko thm c nhng ngi

thuc tnh, thnh ph khc n an c, lp nghip. Hn na, mc sng ca ngi dn

Nng cng ngy cng cao nn nhu cu sng ti cc cn h cao cp vi mi trng sng an

ton, tin nghi v hin i ngy cng c i hi.

Th trng bn l ti Nng hin nay cng ang rt si ng. Hng ngy c hng

trm ngn lt khch ra vo cc khu ch, cc trung tm thng mi ti thnh ph mua

sm (ch Cn, ch Hn, Big C, Metro,...). Ngoi ra, i sng ca ngi dn thnh ph ngy

cng c nng cao nn nhu cu mua sm hng ho cht lng cao, mu m p ti cc siu

th ni ting ngy cng c i hi. ng thi, vi vic thu ht ngy cng nhiu du khch

trong v ngoi nc n tham quan v chuyn gia nc ngoi n lm vic ti Nng lm

cho vic pht trin thm cc trung tm thng mi bn l t cht lng l ht sc cn thit.T cc phn tch, nhn nh nh trn, Cng ty TNHH t Kinh tuyn s mt chng ti

quyt nh u t xy dng Khu chung c cao cp The Summit nhm to ra mt mi

trng sng cht lng cho nhng ngi c nhu cu sng trong nhng cn h cao cp, hin

i vi mc gi hp l.

D n Khu chung c cao cp The Summit l mt d n mi v do Ch d n t ph

duyt.

2. CN C PHP LUT V K THUT CA VIC THC HIN TM

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Cc c s php lut v k thut xy dng bo co nh gi tc ng mi

trng (TM) bao gm:

iu 29 ca Hin php nc Cng ho X hi Ch ngha Vit Nam quy nh: C quan

nh nc, n v v trang, t chc kinh t, t chc x hi, mi c nhn phi thc hincc quy nh ca Nh nuc v s dng hp l ti nguyn thin nhin v bo v mi

trng. Nghim cm mi hnh ng lm suy kit ti nguyn v hu hoi mi trng;

Lut Bo v mi trng uc Quc hi nc Cng ho XHCN Vit Nam thng qua

ngy 29 thng 11 nm 2005;

Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Chnh ph v vic Quy nh chi tit v

hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut bo v mi trng;

Ngh nh 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28/02/2008 ca Chnh ph v vic sa i, b sungmt s iu ca Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Chnh ph v vic

Quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut bo v mi trng;

Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/12/2008 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng

hng dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam

kt bo v mi trng;

Quyt nh s 22/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 18/12/2006 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v

Mi trng v vic ban hnh cc tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam; Quyt nh s 16/2008/Q-BTNMT ngy 31/12/2008 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi

trng v vic ban hnh Quy chun k thut quc gia v mi trng;

Thng t s 25/2009/TT-BTNMT ngy 16/11/2009 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng

v vic ban hnh Quy chun k thut quc gia v mi trng;

Quyt nh s 3733/2002/Q-BYT ngy 10/10/2002 ca B trng B y t ban hnh

cc tiu chun v sinh mi trng;

Giy chng nhn quyn s dng t s: AN 219326 do UBND Qun Sn Tr, Tp. Nng cp ngy 01/07/2008;

Hp ng gp vn bng Quyn s dng t gia B V Th Bch Ngc v Cng ty

TNHH t Kinh tuyn s mt ngy 02/07/2008 v vic ng thc hin vic gp vn

bng quyn s dng t theo Giy chng nhn quyn s dng t s AN 219326 do

UBND Qun Sn Tr, Tp. Nng cp ngy 01/07/2008;

Giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh s: 3202005119 ca Cng ty TNHH t Kinh

tuyn s mt do S K hoch v u t Thnh ph Nng cp ngy 19/05/2008,ng k thay i ln th nht ngy 15/09/2008;

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Cng vn s 1741/VP-QLTh ngy 15 thng 6 nm 2009 ca UBND Thnh ph

Nng v vic thng nht phng n kin trc cng trnh Khu chung c cao cp The

Summit ti khu dn c Bc Phan B Phin, phng Th Quang, qun Sn Tr, Tp.

Nng; Cng vn s 4200/UBND-QLTh ngy 14 thng 7 nm 2008 ca UBND Thnh ph

Nng v vic ph duyt cc ch tiu kin trc lm c s thit k xy dng cng

trnh Chung c cao tng c kt hp chc nng thng mi ti l t L1, khu Bc Phan

B Phin, ng Ng Quyn, qun Sn Tr;

Quyt nh s 6590/Q-UBND ca UBND Thnh ph Nng v vic ph duyt quy

hoch chi tit xy dng TL 1:500 Chung c cao tng kt hp chc nng thng mi

The Summit.

Cc tiu chun, quy chun p dng trong qu trnh lp bo co TM:

QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng khng kh xung

quanh.

QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v kh thi cng nghip i vi

bi v cc cht v c.

TCVN 5949 1998: m hc - Ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c. Mc n ti a

cho php. Tiu chun v sinh lao ng (tiu chun ting n) ca B Y t ban hnh theo quyt nh

s 3733/Q-BYT ngy 10/10/2002.

QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT : Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi sinh hot.

TCVN 2622 1995: Phng chy, chng chy cho nh v cng trnh, an ton thit k.

TCXD 16 1986 : Chiu sng nhn to trong cng trnh dn dng.

TCXDVN 46 2007 : Chng st cho cng trnh xy dng - Hng dn thit k, kim

tra v bo tr h thng.

Cc ti liu, d liu s dng trong qu trnh lp bo co TM:

Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho:

+ Alexander P.Economopoulos, Assessment of Sources of Air, Water and Land

Pollution, Part 1: Rapid Inventory Technique in Environmental Pollution, WHO,

Geneva, 1993.

+ Standard Methods for Wastewater and Water examination, New York, 1989.

+ World Bank, Guideline for EIA, 1989.

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+ WB, Assessment Sourcebook, Vol. 2, Sectoral Guideline, WB, Washington

D.C,1991

+ Chng trnh mi trng Lin Hip Quc (UNEP): nh gi tc ng mi trng -

Nhng quy trnh c bn i vi cc nc ang pht trin - Cc Mi trng, 1988.+ Cc Mi trng: Hng dn v quan trc mi trng, 1998.

+ Hong Xun C, Phm Ngc H: Gio trnh TM, i hc Quc gia H Ni, 1998.

+ Grul: Cng trnh lm sch nc thi loi nh, NXB Xy dng, 1985

+ L Thc Cn v tp th tc gi: nh gi tc ng mi trng Phng php lun

v kinh nghim thc tin, NXB khoa hc v k thut, H Ni 1994.

+ L Trnh: nh gi tc ng mi trng Phng php v ng dng, NXB khoahc v k thut, H Ni 2000.

+ L Trnh: Quan trc v kim sot nhim mi trng nc, NXB khoa hc v k

thut, H Ni 1997.

+ Phm Ngc ng: Mi trng khng kh, NXB khoa hc v k thut, H Ni

1997.

+ Trn c H: X l nc thi sinh hot quy m va v nh, NXB khoa hc v k

thut, H Ni 2002+ Hong Hu: X l nc thi, NXB xy dng, H ni - 1996

+ Trn Hiu Nhu, ng Quc Dng, Nguyn Th Kim Thi: Qun l cht thi rn, Tp

1 Cht thi rn th, NXB Xy dng 2001;

+ Nin gim thng k Nng nm 2008 NXB Thng k - 2008

Trn y l nhng ti liu m chng ti tham kho, s dng trong qu trnh lp bo

co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n. y l nhng ti liu c gi tr v mt khoa

hc v thc tin, cc ti liu a ra cc hng dn chi tit v ni dung v phng php

TM. Cc ti liu ny c dng lm ti liu ging dy, tham kho cho nghin cu sinh,

sinh vin ngnh cng ngh v qun l mi trng, ng thi l ngun ti liu tham kho

cho cc nh qun l mi trng cng nh phc v cho cc c quan nghin cu v qun l

mi trng nn c tin cy cao.

Ngun ti liu, d liu do ch d n t to lp:

+ D n u t xy dng Khu chung c cao cp The Summit nm 2009

+ Cc bn v thit k xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh

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3. PHNG PHP P DNG TRONG QU TRNH THC HIN TM

Phng php nh gi nhanh: Phng php ny da trn c s cc h s nhim

xc nh ti lng, nng cc cht nhim do d n gy ra. T c th d bo kh

nng tc ng mi trng ca cc ngun gy nhim. Phng php so snh: Phng php ny da trn c s cc tiu chun Vit Nam v

mi trng so snh, i chiu vi nng cc cht nhim do d n gy ra.

Phng php lp bng lit k: c s dng lp mi quan h gia cc hot ng

ca d n v cc tc ng mi trng.

Phng php thng k: Phng php ny c s dng thu thp v x l cc d liu

v iu kin t nhin (a l, a cht, kh tng - thu vn,...) v iu kin kinh t x

hi ti khu vc d n. Phng php iu tra x hi hc: iu tra, phng vn lnh o v nhn dn ti khu vc

thc hin d n.

Phng php kho st, o c, ly mu ngoi hin trng v phn tch ti phng th

nghim: Phng php ny gip thu thp cc thng s v hin trng mi trng ti khu

vc thc hin d n.

Cc phng php trn u l nhng phng php c s dng ph bin hin nay, mt

s phng php c a vo gio trnh ging dy, do tin cy rt cao.4. T CHC THC HIN TM

Thc hin nghim chnh Lut Bo v mi trng c Quc hi nc Cng ha X hi

Ch ngha Vit nam thng qua ngy 29/11/2005, Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ca Chnh

ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi

trng v Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28/02/2008 ca Chnh ph v vic sa i, b

sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP, Cng ty TNHH t Kinh tuyn S Mt

tin hnh lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng cho d n vi s t vn ca Trung tmCng ngh Mi trng Nng (DENTEC)

n v thc hin TM:

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ny do Cng ty trch nhim hu hn t Kinh

tuyn S Mt ch tr thc hin.

n v t vn:

+ Tn n v: Trung tm Cng ngh Mi trng Nng (DENTEC) thuc Cng ty

CP Pht trin cng ngh v T vn u t Nng.

+ Gim c: ng Hunh Thun

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+ a ch lin h: 25 Hong Diu, Qun Hi Chu, Thnh ph Nng

+ in thoi: 0511.3824402-615, Fax: 0511.3824120

Danh sch nhng ngi trc tip tham gia thc hin bo co TM:

+ ng Nguyn Hong Linh : K s Cng ngh mi trng

+ ng Nguyn Th Minh : C nhn Mi trng

+ B Phm Hu Qunh Trm : C nhn Cng ngh mi trng

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CHNG 1

M T TM TT D N

1.1. TN D N

KHU CHUNG C CAO CP THE SUMMIT

1.2. CH D N

n v : Cng ty TNHH t Kinh tuyn S Mt

a ch lin h : 27 Phan Chu Trinh, qun Hi Chu, thnh ph Nng, Vit Nam.

i din : ng Tun Anh Chc v: Gim c

in thoi : 84-511.2219145

Fax : 84-511.3835604

1.3. V tr a l ca d n

1.3.1. V tr a l

Khu chung c cao cp The Summit c xy dng ti l t L1, khu Bc Phan B

Phin, ng Ng Quyn, phng Th Quang, qun Sn Tr, thnh ph Nng.

Ta khu t thc hin d n:

N: 16o05.788

E:108o14.742

Cn gii ca khu t:

Pha Bc : Gip Cng ty c phn ho cht vt liu Nng;

Pha Nam : Gip ng Phan B Phin;

Pha ng : Gip khu dn c hin trng;

Pha Ty : Gip ng Ng Quyn.

(V tr xy dng d n xin xem s S 01 trang 08)

1.3.2. Cc i tng xung quanh a im thc hin d n

1.3.2.1. Cc i tng t nhin

H thng ng giao thng:

D n c xy dng khu vc c quy hoch tng i hon chnh nn c nhiu

thun li. Pha bc d n gip con ng nha 10,5m (cha c tn), pha ty li gip vituyn ng Ng Quyn, y l con ng ln ni vi cc con ng chnh ca thnh ph

nn to rt nhiu thun li cho vic i li ca ngi dn ra vo khu d n.

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H thng bin, sng sui, i ni:

+ Xung quanh khu vc xy dng D n khng c sng sui, ao h, cch D n khong

1500m v pha ng l bin ng.

+ Khu vc xy dng D n l t cng nghip, dch v v t nn khng c i nixung quanh.

1.3.2.2. Cc i tng kinh t - x hi

Khu dn c:

D n c xy dng ti khu dn c Bc Phan B Phin, phng Th Quang. y l

khu vc ng dn c, sinh sng y t lu i.

Cc i tng sn xut, kinh doanh dch v:

Gn khu vc xy dng d n c mt s c s sn xut, kinh doanh nh Cng ty c

phn ho cht vt liu Nng, kho xi mng Hong Mai, Cng ty c phn Nam Vit c...

1.4. NI DUNG CH YU CA D N

1.4.1. S lc v d n

Mc tiu ca d n l to c mt Khu cn h cao cp mang phong thi khu ngh

dng c sc nht ti Nng trn tng din tch 3.754m2 ti thnh ph Nng vi quy

m 19 tng, 146 cn h, khu vui chi tr em, khu thng mi kt hp mua sm cao cp, bbi, cc dch v hin i khc t tiu chun quc t.

Chng ti mun to ra mt mi trng sng c cht lng cao, hin i vi mc gi

hp l, khin mi ngi u c th hi lng.

1.4.2. Quy m ca d n

1.4.2.1. Quy m ca d n

Tng din tch t s dng cho d n l: 3.754m2. C cu s dng t nh sau:

Bng 1.1: C cu s dng t ca d n

TT Loi t Din tch (m2) T l (%)

1 t xy dng cng trnh 2.289,1 60,98

2 t giao thng, cy xanh, sn 1.464,9 39,02

Tng cng 3.754 100

Ngun:D n u t xy dng Khu chung c cao cp The Summit

1.4.2.2. Cc hng mc chnh ca d n

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Vi din tch khu t l 3.754m2, cng trnh c thit k bao gm: Khu trung tm

thng mi v khi thp khu chung c

a. Khu trung tm thng mi

c thit k pha mt ng Ng Quyn v ng Phan B Phin to cm gicsang trng v l im nhn cho khu chung c. Khu trung tm thng mi c din tch

390m2 c thit k 1 tng ( tng 1) gm 9 gian hng v 1 khu caf gii kht.

b. Khi thp khu chung c

c thit k li 6m so vi ng giao thng chnh, pha sau khu trung tm thng

mi. Thit k ca khi thp khu chung c nh sau:

Khi (tng trt + tng 2):

+ Tng trt: c dng lm bi u xe v l khu tip n dn c ra vo khu chung c

Ti tng trt b tr khu vc l tn, cc snh chnh, snh i tip n ngi dn

ra vo khu chung c. Cc li ra vo to nh u c gim st bi phng bo v

trung tm t ti khu vc dng xe quy nh v tin snh.

Bi xe c thit k hp l, thun tin vi lu lng xe c ln. Bi xe ch

phc v dn c trong khu chung c.

+ Tng 2: Gm cc dch v tin ch cho khu dn c nh: Khu vui chi tr em, phng

tp th dc, b bi (kch thc 30x6x2 = 360m3), ....

Khi thp chung c:

c thit k gm hai khi thp chung c cao 17 tng t tng 3 n tng 19 vi tng s

cn h l 146 cn.

1.4.2.3. Cc hng mc ph tr ca d n

a. H thng cp nc

Ngun cp nc:Trong giai on thi cng xy dng cng nh trong giai on hot ng, D n s s

dng ngun nc my do Cng ty cp nc thnh ph Nng cung cp, khng s dng

nc ngm nn s khng lm cn kit ngun nc ngm ti khu vc.

Nguyn l h thng cp nc:

Nc sch t ng ng chnh ca thnh ph c ni vi vi ng h tng ri chy

n cc b tr nc c t chm ti tng trt ca cng trnh. H thng bm y kt hp

vi bm vn hnh v bm d phng s a nc sch qua b phn lc nc ti b chanc ti tng mi. Nc sch c phn phi bng bm tng p ti cc tng c p lc ca

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nc chy t do thp, cn cc tng khc th s c cung cp bng phng php trng lc

kt hp vi cc b van gim p s dng lm gim p sut nc ca cc tng thp hn khi

m p sut qu ln.

(V tr b cha nc c th xem S 03, nm gia im 5 v 6) i vi khu cn h v khu dch v, mi cn h v khu dch v s c cp nc qua

cc ng h o ring c t ti hp k thut nc.

Nc sch c cp cho:

+ H thng ng ng cp nc sinh hot v lng nc b vo lng hao ht ca b

bi v h thng iu ha

+ H thng phng chy cha chy.

Nc ti cy, ra ng, c ly t ng ng cp nc chnh ca thnh ph.

Nhu cu s dng nc trong mt ngy:

Bng 1.2: Bng tng hp nhu cu s dng nc ca d n

TT Hng mcn

vQuy m Nhu cu nc

Tng nhu cus dng nc

(lt/ngy)

1 Nc sinh hot cnh

Ngi146 cn h x4ngi/cn h =584 ngi

200 lt/ngi 116.800

2 Nhn vin Ngi 80 35 lt/ngi 2.800

3 Nh hng Ngi 200 50 lt/ch 10.000

4 Khu vc mua sm Ngi 50 35 lt/ngi 1.750

5 Nc cp cho h bi m3 360 1%/ngy 3600

6 Git i m3 5.000

7 V sinh to nh m3

Ton b to nh 10.0008 Ti cy, ra ng m2 1.454 3 l/m2-ng 4.362

Tng nhu cu dng nc 154.312

Nhu cu nc sinh hot: 154.312 lit/ngy

Nhu cu nc cha chy: c tnh ton nh sau:

+ S m chy xy ra ng thi: 2 m chy

+ Lu lng nc dp tt m chy: 10 l/s

+ Gi thit cn cha chy trong 3 gi lin tc th lng nc cn d tr trong b

nc sch l: 10 x 3600 x 3 x 2 = 216000 lt = 216 m3

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Thi gian d tr nc: 2,5 ngy (60 gi)

Th tch b cha nc: (154,312 4,362) x 2,5 + 216 = 590,88 m3

b. H thng thot nc

H thng thot nc cho cng trnh bao gm: Thot nc bn cc khu v sinh; thotnc chu ra bp, nh hng; thot nc ma mi; thot nc ma b mt, sn vn.

(Cc s h thng thot nc xin xem S 03, 04, 05, 06 phn ph lc)

Nc thi sinh hot:

Nc thi sinh hot t cc cn h v khu vc dch v s c thu gom, tp trung v h

thng x l nc thi tp trung trc khi thi ra cng chung thnh ph.

Thot nc ma:

Nc ma c thu t mi v cc khu vc ngoi tri vo cc h ga, sau chy ra h

thng cng thot nc thnh ph.

Thot nc ma tng trt: Di tng trt lm rnh thu nc ma y bng np ghi gang

dn vo h ga thot nc. Cc h ga thu nc ma c bm y s c s dng cho nhng

khu vc thp ni khng th thot nc t chy bm nc ma ln h thng thot nc

chung, sau x vo h thng thot nc ca thnh ph.

c. H thng x l cht thi:

H thng x l nc thi:

Chng ti s u t xy dng mt h thng x l nc thi tp trung s dng phng

php x l sinh hc hiu kh (bn hot tnh) t di tng hm ca to nh x l ton b

lng nc thi thi ra ca d n t quy chun quy nh (QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT, ct B)

trc khi thi ra mi trng.

X l rc thi:

Chng ti s thu gom, tp trung rc thi v hp ng vi Cng ty Mi trng th Nng hng ngy n ch i x l theo quy nh.

d. H thng in:

Ngun cp in:

Ngun cp cao th t in lc thnh ph s c dn ti trm phn phi trung th

24kV trc khi u ni vi cc my bin p, t in trung th. My bin p cng vi t in

phn phi c t ti tng trt.

H thng cp in l h 3 pha 380/220V, 5 dy 50Hz. Ton b cc bng iu khinchnh trong phong h th s tip nhn ngun in t cc my bin th v phn phi ti ton

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b cc trung tm tiu th v cc im lp t ph ti. Cc cu giao ngt mch in dng ko

s c chn s dng m bo cch ly an ton cho cc l ng dy n. Bo v qu ti

v s c tip a bng cc thit b ngt mch in rle IDMTL cho ton b ngun n. Thit

b ngt mch in nh aptomat hoc cu ch s c lp t bo v cho cc nhnh cpph.

Thit b t ng iu chnh h s cng sut ngun c lp t nhm t c h s

cng sut ngun l 0,85.

Gii php cp in:

Ngun in chuyn dng c cp cho cc thit b v my mc chnh. Ngun cp ny

c dn qua dy cp ng nhiu li bc PVC cch in. Cc tuyn cp in chu la uc

p dng ph hp cp in ti cc thit b cha chy v thang my cu ho.Cp in cho nhng khu vc cho thu nh khu bn l, nh hng, gii kht, vn phng...

s c gii hn ring bit cch ly cho tng khu vc ring.

Ngoi ra phng s c mt in, chng ti cn thit k h thng cp in d

phng v u t mua 2 my pht in d phng ccng sut 1000 KVA

e. H thng chiu sng:

Chiu sng cho khi dch v (Trung tm thng mi, nh hng):

Chiu sng bng n hp phn quang 1200x600 t m trn kt hp vi cc ndownlight m trn bng. V tr cc n c b tr ph hp vi cu to trn v cc ca gi

ca iu ho.

Cu thang c t n lp st trn, dng bng compact ch U v iu khin bng

cng tc 2 chiu.

t n ch dn EXIT cc v tr thot him nh ca i, cu thang, lu in 3 gi.

i vi khi dch v, t n s c c thi gian lu in 3 gi m bo an ton cho

hng ho v khch hng.

Khu vc xe dng n treo ni 1200x300 vi chc nng chng m, bi.

Chiu sng cho khi cn h:

Mi cn h c b tr cc loi n ph hp vi sinh hot ca tng phng.

Bng 1.3: Bng thng k ri (sng) thit k

TT Khu vc ri thit k (Lux)

1 Khu vc thng mi, bn l, nh hng1.1 Khu thng mi, bn l, nh hng 500

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TT Khu vc ri thit k (Lux)

1.2 Khu vc giao thng cng cng 200

1.3 Snh thang my 200

1.4 V sinh cng cng 1501.5 Thang b 150

1.6 Cc phng k thut 200

1.7 xe 150

2 Khu cn h

2.1 Khu vc giao thng cng cng 200

2.2 Snh thang my 200

2.3 Thang b 150

2.4 Cc phng k thut 200

Ngun: D n u t xy dng Khu chung c cao cp The Summit

f. H thng chng st v tip t:

H thng chng st bao gm cc kim thu st trn tng mi, mt h thng truyn dn

bng vic s dng h thp chu lc cng trnh dn thot st t kim thu xung in cc tip

t st ti h chng st. H thng tip t bao gm cc thanh ng, li ng tip t chn

di mng, cc kp tip t, c lin kt vi nhau bng dy dn bng ng c kch thcph hp vi in tr tip t an ton theo quy nh.

g. H thng phng chy cha chy

m bo an ton tuyt i v con ngi v ti sn trong to nh, chp hnh cc quy

nh v an ton PCCC ca Nh nc Vit Nam, chng ti thit k h thng bo chy t

ng v cha chy t ng bng nc, cha chy bng cc loi bnh xch tay, xe y cho

cng trnh... H thng phng chng ho hon uc thit k da trn cc tiu chun thit k

mi nht ca Vit Nam v Singapore. Chi tit h thng PCCC nh sau: H thng cp nc cha chy:

Cp nc cho h thng cha chy c ly t ng ng ca thnh ph v c u

ni vi b nc ca h thng phun ma cha chy t ng, b cp nc cho hng v lng

phun cu ha t tng trt ca cng trnh.

H thng hng nc v lng phun cha chy:

c t ti tng trt dnh cho khu vc xe. H thng bao gm b cha nc vi

dung tch tnh ton phc v cho cu ha trong vng 03 ting, mt b cp bm cu ha (mtvn hnh s dng v mt cho d phng) v mt bm mi.

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Cc tr cp nc cu ha c b tr bn ngoi cng trnh lc lng cu ha c

th s dng c. Ton b tr cp nc ny c lin h vi nhau.

H thng phun ma cha chy t ng

c chia thnh cc khu vc khc nhau v c p ng bi cc bm vn hnh, bmd phng v bm mi m bo p lc ca h thng.

Ct cp cho h thng phun nc s c b tr bn ngoi cng trnh lc lng cu

ha c th s dng.

Cc tr cp nc ma cha chy t ng c b tr bn ngoi cng trnh lc

lng cu ha c th s dng c.

H thng bo chy t ng/bn t ng:

Bng bo chy chnh dng loi c ch nh y v tr cc u bo khi, bo nhit, np knh p v, cc chung bo ng, van ngt gim st ph tr, cng tt bt vi phun, to

thnh mt h thng hon chnh.

Ton b cc u bo v im bo ng s c nh v mt cch t ng v ring

bit.Ton b cc mch kn s c kim sot bng h thng. Bt k ng dy no c pht

hin on mch v h mch s truyn tn hiu bo ng ti bng bo chnh. Chc nng ca

cc u bo v im bo ng s lu gi mt cch y d liu vn hnh khi trng thi

h, on mch hoc mt tn hiu xy ra trong mch kn. Thit b cha chy cm tay:

Thit b cha chy cm tay nh bnh cu ha s c trang b trong cc phng k thut

theo cc yu cu quy nh

1.4.2.4. Gii php thit k kt cu cng trnh

Phn mng:

c im ca d n The summit l khng c tng hm, khu t xy dng nm c lp

04 bn u tip gip vi ng giao thng nn vic thit k v thi cng phn mng

ca cng trnh rt thun li.

Gii php mng cho cng trnh: Mng cc khoan nhi c ng knh 500mm, 600mm,

1000mm v 1200mm.

B tng s dng cho cc cp bn B30 1x2cm; ct thp loi CIII.

Phn thn:

Vi c im h li ct khong t 3m n 6,5m v s tng ca cng trnh va phi

nn gii php kt cu c chn l kt cu khung b tng ct thp thng chu lc.

14


15/96


B tng s dng cp bn B30 1x2cm; ct thp loi CI, CIII.

Tng ngoi xy gch c va xi mng M75 kt hp vi tng b tng ct thp ti mt

s v tr xung yu, tng trong xy gch rng 6 l.

S dng gia Sika chng thm cho cc kt cu b nc.1.4.2.5. Vn u t thc hin d n:

(Ngun: D n u t xy dng Khu chung c cao cp The Summit)

Tng vn u t thc hin d n: 329.192.000.000 ng (Ba trm hai mi chn t

mt trm chn mi hai triu ng chn), c cu ngun vn u t nh sau:

Bng 1.4: C cu vn u t xy dng d n

STT Ngun vn Gi tr u t (triu ng) T l(%)

1 Vn t c ca cng ty 48.000 14,58

2 Vn huy ng t khch hng 216.000 65,62

3 Doanh thu 65.192 19,80

Tng kinh ph u t d n 329.192 100,00

Kinh ph u t xy dng cc hng mc trong d n nh sau:

Bng 1.5: Kinh ph u t xy dng ton d n

STT Hng mc Gi tr u t (triu ng)

1. Cn h 256.975

Khu thng mi - dch v 3.822

2. H tng / mng 5.2003. Cy xanh, cnh quan 9.000

4. Kinh ph chun b u t 10.000

Cng kinh ph xy dng c bn 284.997

D phng ph 5.595

Kinh ph chuyn quyn s dng t 38.600

Tng gi tr u t xy dng 329.192

Li vay trong thi gian xy dng 0Tng gi tr u t ton d n 329.192

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16/96


Hnh thc u t: D n u t xy dng mi hon ton.

1.5. T CHC QUN L V THC HIN D NCng ty TNHH t Kinh tuyn s mt thu Cng ty Atelier Management (Vit Nam)

lm n v qun l d n. Ch u t k hp ng thu cc n v t vn c lp : kho

st hin trng, kho st a cht, lp thit k kin trc, M&E, tnh ton khi lng - d

ton. Tin thc hin d n nh sau:

Bng 1.6: Bng tin thc hin d n

TT Ni dung cng vic Thi gian hon thnh

1 Xong phn cc Thng 2/2010

2 Hon tt phn th Thng 11/2010

3 Hon thnh thi cng C in Thng 3/2011

4 Hon thnh cc hng mc kin trc Thng 4/2011

5 Hon thin ngoi tht Thng 5/2011

6 Kim tra v chy th Thng 7/2011

7 a vo hot ng Thng 7/2011

Ngun: D n u t xy dng Khu chung c cao cp The Summit

16


17/96


CHNG 2

IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T - X HI

2.1. IU KIN T NHIN V MI TRNG

2.1.1. iu kin t nhin

2.1.1.1. iu kin a l, a cht

a. iu kin a l

V tr xy dng D n nm trn khu vc c quy hoch nn c kh nhiu thun li

nh: Vic san nn c thc hin tng i bng phng.

C s h tng nh h thng giao thng, thng tin lin lc, in, h thng cp thot nc

u c xy dng hon chnh.

Nhng thun li trn gip cho vic xy dng v hot ng ca d n gp nhiu sun s.

b. c im a cht

Trn c s nghin cu thc a, khoan kho st a tng, s liu th nghim cc mu

t, tham kho cc ti liu v s liu v cc yu t c lin quan a tng khu vc kho st,c im a cht ti ni xy dng D n c m t nh sau:

Bng 2.1: Bng s b c im a cht khu vc d n

STT Tn lp c im

Lp 1 Ct ht mn

Phn trn: Ct ht mn mu xm vng ln gch v, dm - trng thi ri.

Lp ph nn pha trn dy 1,0 1,2m.

Phn di: Ct ht mn: mu xm vng, xungdi xm en. Rt m n bo ho hi nc.Trng thi cht va

Chiu dy: 6,7m 7,1m

Lp 2 Ct bi

Mu xm xanh, xm en

Bo ho nc. Trng thi cht va

Chiu dy: 2,5m 3,9m

Lp 3 Ct ht mn Mu xm trng, xm vng, xm xanhBo ho nc. Trng thi cht va n cht

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18/96


Chiu dy: 7,6m 8,8m

Lp 4 Ct bi n mn

Mu xm xanh, xm vng

B o ho nc. Trng thi cht va

Chiu dy: 3,2m 3,7m

Lp 5 St pha

Mu xm xanh, xm vng

Trng thi do cng n na cng

Chiu dy: 4,0m 7,0m

Lp 6 Ct ht mn

Mu xm xanh, xm vng, xm trng

Bo ho nc. Trng thi cht va n cht

Chiu dy: 2,0m 4,7m

Lp 7A Ct phaMu xm xanh.Trng thi do

Chiu dy: 2,5m 4,2m

Lp 7B Ct pha

Mu xm xanh.

Trng thi chy, kt cu km cht

Chiu dy: 2,5m 4,0m

Lp 8

Ct ht trung n

ct si

Mu xm xanh, xm vng

Bo ho nc. Trng thi cht va n chtChiu dy: 4,8m 7,2m

Lp 9 St

Mu xm xanh, xm vng, xm en

Trng thi do dng n na cng

Chiu dy: 12,0m 12,9m

Lp 10Ct pha ln nhiusi sn

Mu xm xanh

Trng thi do hoc cng

Chiu dy: 2,9m 4,2m

Lp 11 St

Mu xm tro, xm trng

Trng thi cng

Chiu dy: Thay i mnh theo cc v tr mikhoan khc nhau (1,5m 10,3m)

Lp 12A Granite phongho mnh, nt n

Mu xm en, xm trng

Lp ny b phong ho mnh, c nhiu khe nt

Chiu dy: 0,7m 1,0m

Lp 12B Granite phongho nh

Mu xm trng, xm en

Chiu dy: 0,5m 2,0m

18


19/96


(Ngun: D n u t xy dng Khu chung c cao cp The Summit)

2.1.1.2. c im kh tng - thu vn

a. c im kh hu thnh ph Nng

Khu chung c cao cp The Summit nm trn a bn thnh ph Nng nn mang tnhcht kh hu ca Nng. Kh hu thnh ph Nng l kh hu nhit i gi ma vi

lng bc x di do, nng nhiu, nn nhit cao v lng ma phong ph. Tuy nhin s

phn b kh hu theo khng gian v thi gian ht sc phc tp. S liu thng k ca Nin

gim thng k Nng v c im kh hu ca Thnh ph Nng nh sau:

Nhit khng kh

Nhit nh hng n qu trnh pht tn cc cht nhim trong khng kh. Ngoi ra

nhit cn lm thay i qu trnh bay hi cc cht nhim v cc cht gy mi hi khc.Thnh ph Nng nm trong vng ct ven bin, nn nhit vng ct cao do cc

iu kin a l, bc x v c ch hon lu. Trong ma kh, do c ch hon lu t - bin,

nhit khng kh t gi tr cao nht trc 13 gi, sau nhit gim dn do gi bin

mang hi m vo.

Bng 2.2: Nhit trung bnh cc thng trong nm ti Nng (n v: oC)

Cc thng Nm 2005 Nm 2006 Nm 2007 Nm 2008

Thng 1 21,4 21,6 21,3 21,6

Thng 2 23,9 23,3 23,7 19,4

Thng 3 22,8 24,0 25,4 23,3

Thng 4 25,8 26,9 26,4 27,0

Thng 5 29,0 27,6 28,1 27,7

Thng 6 30,5 30,2 29,8 29,4

Thng 7 28,4 30,1 29,4 29,5

Thng 8 28,7 28,3 28,8 28,6

Thng 9 27,9 27,3 27,8 27,8

Thng 10 26,3 26,7 26,0 26,3

Thng 11 25,2 26,2 23,2 24,4

Thng 12 21,2 23,4 23,9 21,5

Bnh qun nm 25,9 26,3 26,2 25,5

Ngun: Nin gim thng k Nng nm 2008

S gi nng

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20/96


Nng l yu t quan trng nh hng trc tip n nhit trong vng, qua nh

hng n qu trnh pht tn cng nh bin i cc cht nhim.

Bng 2.3: S gi nng cc thng trong nm ti Nng

Cc thng Nm 2005 Nm 2006 Nm 2007 Nm 2008

Thng 1 157,1 94,2 45,8 110,4

Thng 2 171,6 115,0 181,8 24,0

Thng 3 150,7 163,5 173,5 157,9

Thng 4 193,4 240,4 180,5 241,4

Thng 5 245,7 260,8 231,0 227,2

Thng 6 220,2 289,8 277,2 226,6

Thng 7 216,6 199,4 290,1 277,2Thng 8 170,3 177,8 170,4 201,7

Thng 9 181,1 172,4 199,8 165,2

Thng 10 109,2 193,3 75,6 112,2

Thng 11 138,0 209,4 48,8 68,0

Thng 12 11,7 77,3 125,6 49,2

C nm 1.965,6 2.193,3 2.000,1 1.861,0

Ngun: Nin gim thng k Nng nm 2008 m khng kh

m khng kh l yu t nh hng n qu trnh chuyn ho cc cht nhim v l

mt trong nhng yu t vi kh hu nh hng n sc kho con ngi. m ln s lm

cho cc phn ng ho hc ca cc cht thi (SO2, SO3,...) mnh hn to ra H2SO3, H2SO4.

Bng 2.4: m trung bnh cc thng trong nm ti Nng (n v: %)

Cc thng Nm 2005 Nm 2006 Nm 2007 Nm 2008Thng 1 84 86 87 85

Thng 2 85 85 83 80

Thng 3 84 84 85 85

Thng 4 83 81 80 82

Thng 5 77 77 80 81

Thng 6 71 73 74 77

Thng 7 80 71 76 75

Thng 8 78 82 78 78

Thng 9 82 82 81 81

20


21/96


Thng 10 86 84 87 88

Thng 11 86 82 85 85

Thng 12 88 82 85 87

C nm 82 81 82 82Ngun: Nin gim thng k Nng nm 2008

Ma

Ma c tc dng lm sch mi trng khng kh v pha long cc cht nhim trong

nc. Lng nc ma cng ln th mc nhim trong khng kh cng gim. Tuy

nhin, cc ht ma ko theo bi v ha tan mt s cht c hi ri xung t gy nhim

t, nc.

Ti Nng, ma ma bt u t thng 9 n thng 12. Tng lng ma trong mama chim t l kh cao so vi tng lng ma nm, hu ht u t trn 70% lng ma

nm. Thng c lng ma ln nht l thng 10.

Bng 2.5: Tng lng ma cc thng trong nm ti Nng (n v: mm)

Cc thng Nm 2005 Nm 2006 Nm 2007 Nm 2008

Thng 1 36,0 97,9 153,3 82,8

Thng 2 5,8 33,8 0,4 33,6

Thng 3 36,4 2,2 58,0 53,7

Thng 4 12,0 9,2 55,3 67,0

Thng 5 20,2 68,7 156,4 157,7

Thng 6 22,0 2,3 7,1 35,5

Thng 7 136,3 127,3 24,1 47,9

Thng 8 209,8 346,2 152,2 56,6

Thng 9 236,0 394,4 252,8 230,3

Thng 10 510,1 618,8 1.147,4 1.006,5

Thng 11 432,2 278,6 893,6 568,6

Thng 12 214,1 254,4 163,8 185,3

C nm 1.870,9 2.233,8 3.064,4 2.525,5

Ngun: Nin gim thng k Nng nm 2008

Gi

Gi l yu t c nh hng ln nht ti s lan truyn ca cc cht nhim trong khng

kh. S phn b nng cht nhim ph thuc vo tc gi. Tc gi cng nh th

mc nhim xung quanh ngun nhim cng ln. Tuy nhin, trong mt s trng hp

21


22/96


nng cc cht nhim s t cc i tuyt i tc gi nguy him. V vy, khi nh

gi mc nhim cn xem xt ti trng hp tc gi nguy him.

Ch gi:

Nng nm trong khu vc nhit i gi ma nn c hai ma gi chnh l: gi mama ng v gi ma ma h.

Hng gi thnh hnh:

Hng gi ti Nng tng i phn tn, do a hnh chi phi nn hng gi khng

phn nh ng c ch hon lu. Tuy nhin, hng gi thnh hnh vn bin i theo ma r

rt.

+ T thng 9 n thng 3 nm sau l Bc, ng v Ty Bc;

+ Thng 4 l thng chuyn ma, gi thnh hnh c hng ng;

+ T thng 5 n thng 8 c hng ng v Ty Nam.

Tc gi:

Nng l thnh ph nm ven bin tip gip vi dy Trng Sn, cho nn hon lu

t bin v a hnh nh hng n tc gi. Song do tnh tri ca gi ma nn hon lu

t bin c th hin gin tip: vo ban m phn lng gi tng ln ng k, tc gi

gim v tn sut hng gi bin gim so vi ban ngy.

Tc gi trung bnh nm ti Nng khong 1,5m/s. Trong trng hp nh hng

ca bo, p thp nhit i, gi ma ng Bc... tc gi s cao hn gi tr tc gi

trung bnh trn hng chc ln.

Bo v p thp nhit i

Trung bnh hng nm c 10 cn bo v p thp nhit i hot ng trn bin ng,

trong o c t 5 n 6 cn nh hng trc tip n thi tit Vit Nam v thnh ph

Nng c kh nng chu nh hng trc tip khng di 0,5cn/nm. Ma bo ti Nng

t thng 8 nhng 11 nhng nhiu nht l voa thng 10 v thng 11. Tuy nhin, nhng cn

bo tri ma hoc c th ni nhng cn bo hot ng khng theo nhng quy lut ph bin

ca kh hu thng gy ra nhng thit hi v cng ln v ngi v ti sn nh cn bo s 2

vo thng 5 nm 1989.

b. c im thu vn khu vc

Ch sng

Cc cht nhim s lan truyn theo hng sng nn hng sng l c s xy dngcc phng n phng chng s c nhim. Ch sng vng bin Nng ph thuc vo

ma trong nm, t thng 10 n thng 4 nm sau, sng c hng thnh hnh l ng Bc

22


23/96


vi tn sut n nh vo thng 7 l 75,21%. Vo ma og tn sut sng theo hng ng

Bc gim dn v chuyn sang hng ng (t 32,34% vo thng 4). T thng 5 n thng

8 (ma h) hng sng Ty Nam chim u th vi tn sut 61% (vo thng 7). Thng 8

(cui ma h) sng chuyn dn sang hng Nam vi tn sut 55,37%.Khi c bo, tc gi trong bo rt ln nn sng trong bo s ln hn nhiu so vi cc

trng hp thi tit nguy him khc nh dng, gi ma ng Bc mnh. Sng bo ngoi

khi rt ln v khi sng di chuyn vo b th cng sng thng gim i rt nhiu. Tuy

nhin, khi bo b s gy ra nc dng ln vo lc triu cng, l ln v trong iu kin

ny th nh hng do tc ng ca sng ti vng bin rt ng k. Trn c s s liu bo,

c th tnh cao ca sng cc i ng vi chu k ti vng bin ngoi khi nng v

Qung Nam. cao sng cc i c th t ti mc 7,5m (chu k lp li sau 5 nm) v

14,5m (chu k lpli 100 nm).

Bng 2.6: cao sng cc i theo cc chu k ti vng bin ngoi khi Nng

Chu k lp li (nm) 5 10 20 50 100

cao sng cc i h5% (m) 7,5 9,5 11,0 12,6 14,5

Ngun: S liu quan trc sng ti Trm hi vn Sn Tr (t nm 1978 2002)

Dng chy

Ch dng chy c nh hng rt ln n vic pha long v pht tn cht nhim.

Dng chy ti vng bin Nng chu tc ng ca gi, do vy dng chy ch yu l ng

Bc vo ma ng v Ty Nam vo ma h. Tc dng chy ma ng ln hn ma h.

Vnh Nng c b dng vng cung, c ni Sn Tr v o Hi Vn che chn nn

to ra cc dng chy gn nh mt xoy nc ln v km theo cc xoy nh ph thuc vo

hng gi, a hnh v cc dng chy khc. Dng chy trong vnh Nng c thnh phn

ht sc phc tp, bao gm dng chy mt , dng chy nc dng, dng chy triu, dng

chy gi v dng chy sng. Trong dng chy gi v triu chim u th.

Ch triu

Vng bin Nng nm trong vng bn nht triu khng u, hng thng c khong

18 ngy c tnh cht nht triu. Bin triu ln nht ti ca sng Hn t 136 cm v

trung bnh l 68 cm. Cng vo su trong sng bin triu cng gim dn.

Trong nhng ngy nht triu, thi gian triu ln gn gp i thi gian triu xung.

Trong nhng ngy bn nht triu, thi gian triu ln, xung thng u nhau.

2.1.2. Hin trng cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin

2.1.2.1. Mi trng nc

23


24/96


Xung quanh v tr xy dng d n khng c nc mt, ngun nc mt gn nht l bin

ng cch d n khong 1,5km v hng ng. Nc ngm ti khu vc d n cng ch

c mt vi h dn s dng ti cy, ra xe,... khng s dng sinh hot.

D n ch s dng nc thu cc ca Cng ty cp nc thnh ph Nng c trongqu trnh xy dng ln hot ng. Nc thi do D n pht sinh s c x l bng h

thng x l nc thi tp trung t cc quy chun mi trng ri mi thi ra cng thot

nc thnh ph nn hot ng ca D n s khng gy nh hng n cht lng ngun

nc mt v nc ngm ti khu vc D n. Do chng ti khng nh gi hin trng mi

trng nc ti khu vc d n.

2.1.2.2. Mi trng khng kh

nh gi cht lng mi trng khng kh ti khu vc d n, chng ti tin hnho c, thu mu v phn tch cc thng s v cht lng mi trng khng kh. Kt qu

c trnh by trong bng di y.

Bng 2.7: Kt qu phn tch cht lng mi trng khng kh ti khu vc d n

TT Thng s VT K1 K2 K3 TCVN, QCVN

1 Nhit oC 24 24,2 24 -

2 m % 76 76 76 -

3 Gi m/s 1,41 2,58 0,61 1,72 0,58 1,70 -

4 n dBA 52 56 64,0 74,5 57,4 70,2 60(2)

5 Bi mg/m3 0,16 0,19 0,23 0,3(1)

6 NO2 - 0,015 0,024 0,026 0,2(1)

7 SO2 - 0,028 0,032 0,037 0,35(1)

8 CO - 0,83 1,18 1,25 30(1)

Ngun: Trung tm cng ngh mi trng Nng, 11/2009

Ghi ch:

+ Thi gian quan trc: Ngy 23/11/2009

+ V tr o c thu mu: (V tr thu mu xin xem s S 09 trang 26)

K1: Ti khu vc trung tm D n

K2: Pha trc cng D n (nm bn ng quy hoch)

K3: Ti khu dn c ng Phan B Phin

+ (1): QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng khng khxung quanh.

24


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+ (2): Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 5949:1998: m hc - Ting n khu vc cng cng

v dn c - mc n ti a cho php.

Nhn xt:

So vi QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT th nng cc cht nhim o c c 3 v tr uthp hn quy nh, iu ny cho thy cht lng mi trng khng kh ti khu vc cn kh

sch, cha c du hiu b nhim bi bi v kh c.

So vi tiu chun 5949:1998 th ting n ti v tr xy dng d n thp hn tiu chun

quy nh. Khi o c trc cng khu D n v khu dn c th n vt mc cho php,

iu ny l do lng xe c y qua li ng c, ting n ti y ch yu b nh hng

bi cc phng tin giao thng.

2.2. IU KIN KINH T - X HI KHU VCKhu vc thc hin d n thuc a phn phng Th Quang, qun Sn Tr, thnh ph

Nng. Trn c s thu thp s liu kinh t - x hi v sc kho cng ng ti phng Th

Quang vo thng 11 nm 2009, chng ti tng hp cc iu kin kinh t - x hi khu vc

nh sau: (Ngun: UBND phng Th Quang, 11/2009):

2.2.1. iu kin kinh t

2.2.1.1. Hin trng pht trin kinh t ca phng

Hin trng pht trin kinh t ti phng ch yu tp trung vo cc nghnh cng nghip

- tiu th cng nghip, nng - lm - thu sn, thng mi - dch v v du lch. Hin nay trn

a bn phng c 74 c s doanh nghip, trong :

+ Cng nghip : 27 c s

+ Xy dng : 13 c s

+ Vn ti : 08 c s

+ TMDV : 26 c s Sn xut cng nghip, tiu th cng nghip:

Cng nghip v tiu th cng nghip l nhng lnh vc c gi tr sn xut cao ca

phng, gi tr sn xut theo thng k n thng 11/2009 t 582.303 triu ng

Din tch t cng nghip l 43,84 ha

Nng nghip v lm nghip:

Din tch t nng nghip l 10,53 ha v t lm nghip c din tch l 4040,71 ha.

Tng gi tr sn xut ca nng nghip v lm nghip t 347 triu ng.

Thu sn:

25


26/96


Nghnh thu sn phng ch yu tp trung vo cc hot ng ch bin thu sn v

nh bt c, mc, tm... gn hoc xa b. Gi tr sn xut nghnh thu sn nm 2009 t

38.642 triu ng (tnh n thng 11/2009)

Thng mi dch v:Thng mi dch v cng l lnh vc sn xut em li ngun li ln cho phng. Tng

gi tr sn xut nghnh thng mi dch v t 201.872 triu ng.

Du lch:

Pha ng, Bc phng Th Quang gip vi bin ng. y l mt vng bin p, tp

trung nhiu khu du lch, resort p nh Bi Bt resort, Bi Nam resort, Bi Bc resort,... vi

cc dch v hp dn l ni thu ht du lch, gp phn vo s pht trin kinh t ca phng.

Gi tr sn xut nghnh du lch t 2.000 triu ng.2.2.1.2. nh hng pht trin kinh t trong tng lai

nh hng pht trin kinh t ca phng trong thi gian ti l u t, y mnh pht

trin cc nghnh cng nghip - tiu th cng nghip, du lch v thng mi - dch v.

2.2.2. iu kin x hi

2.2.2.1. V tr a l phng Th Quang

Din tch t t nhin ca phng l 4665,1148 ha. V tr a l ca phng nh sau:

Pha Bc : Gip bin ng

Pha Nam : Gip phng Ni Hin ng v phng Mn Thi

Pha ng : Gip bin ng

Pha Ty : Gip vnh Nng

2.2.2.2. Dn s v lao ng

Theo thng k tnh n thng 11/2009, Phng Th Quang c dn s l 25.680 ngi,

trong c 12.441 nam v 13.269 n. Tng s h dn ca phng l 6.376 h. S ngi tui lao ng l 15.556 ngi. T l gia tng dn s l 1,05%.

Thu nhp bnh qun u ngi: 1.500.000 ng/thng

2.2.2.3. Gio dc v y t

Trn a bn phng hin c 04 trng mu gio, 03 trng tiu hc v 01 trng

trung hc c s.

Phng c 02 trm x vi tng cng 09 ging, 01 bc s v 04 y s. Cc loi bnh

thng gp phng l bnh v ung h hp v mt.2.2.2.4. C s h tng v v sinh lao ng

26


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Giao thng:

H thng giao thng trong khu vc tng i thun li, c cng Tin Sa, c trc ng

giao thng chnh l ng Ng Quyn y l tuyn ng ln trong khu vc nn lu

lng xe c qua li rt ln. Ngoi ra trn a bn phng cn c cc tuyn ng nha,ng b tng. T l cc loi ng ti phng nh sau:

+ ng nha : 47%

+ ng b tng : 26%

+ ng t : 27%

Cp in:

Ti khu vc c mng li in ca thnh ph, s h s dng in l 100%

Thng tin lin lc:

C bu in Sn Tr v h thng bu cc trong phng. Ton phng s dng mng

li truyn thanh, truyn hnh khu vc thnh ph Nng. Mng li i truyn thanh

phng c lp t v a vo s dng.

Mng li vin thng c ph sng n mi ni trong phng. Mi h dn u s

dng in thoi c nh hoc in thoi di ng

Cp nc:100% h dn ti phng s dng nc thu cc sinh hot, mt s t h dng nc

ngm ti cy, ra xe...

Thot nc:

Trn a bn phng c h thng thot nc tuy cha hon chnh. Hin nay h thng

thot nc ang c ci to, nng cp. Nc thi ti phng ch yu c thot ra sng,

bin v thm vo lng t.

V sinh mi trng:Ti phng c 100% s h c h x t hoi. Rc thi c a phng hp ng vi

Cng ty Mi trng th thnh ph Nng thu gom v a i x l.

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CHNG 3

NH GI CC TC NG MI TRNG

DO VIC THC HIN D N

3.1. NH GI TC NG

3.1.1. Ngun gy tc ng

3.1.1.1. Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi

a. Ngun gy tc ng trong giai on xy dng

Giai on thi cng xy dng ca d n s gy ra mt s tc ng trc tip hoc gin

tip n mi trng v con ngi. Cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng c lin quan ncht thi trong giai on ny c trnh by trong bng sau:

Bng 3.1: Tng hp cc ngun pht sinh gy tc ng mi trng c lin quan n cht

thi trong giai on xy dng ca d n

TT Ngun pht sinh Tc nhn Tc ng

1

Thi cng xy dng cc

hng mc cng trnh,vn chuyn nguyn vtliu xy dng

- Bi;

- Khi thi;

- Cht thi rn xydng;

- Ting n v rung

- nhim khng kh, t, nc.

- Gy mi hi, lm mt cnh quantrong lnh ca khu vc.

- nh hng n sc kho ngilao ng.

- nh hng h sinh thi2Sinh hot ca cngnhn ti cng trng

- Cht thi sinh hot(nc thi, cht thirn)

Nhn chung, trong giai on thi cng xy dng, cc cht gy nhim chnh n mi

trng bao gm:a1. Cc ngun pht sinh kh thi, bi:

Ngun pht sinh

Bi pht sinh trong qu trnh vn chuyn nguyn vt liu xy dng

Qu trnh vn chuyn ct, , sn, xi mng... phc v cho qu trnh xy dng lm pht

sinh bi do:

t, ct ri vi t thng xe.

Bi t pht sinh t mt ng do cc xe ti vn chuyn t , nguyn vt liu xy

dng cun ln.

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Thnh phn ho l ca bi loi ny cng l cc ht t , ct c kch thc ln hn 10

micron, thuc loi bi nng, d sa lng v khng pht tn i xa.

Nng nhim ph thuc vo cht lng ng x v iu kin thi tit (nhng

ngy nng nng, c gi ln bi s pht tn mnh hn)...Bi t pht tn trong qu trnh vn chuyn thng gy nhim trong phm vi hp, bn

knh khong 10m. Nng bi trong khng kh s tng cc b dc theo tuyn ng vn

chuyn t im cung ng vt liu v khu vc d n, nht l vo ma kh.

Bi, kh thi t cc thit b my mc thi cng xy dng cng trnh:

san p nn, thi cng xy dng cng trnh, n v thi cng s dng khong 1 3 xe

ti, my m, 1 my trn b tng, 1 xe mc... vn chuyn t ct, m nn, o mng,

cng thot nc. Hot ng ca cc my mc, thit b thi cng v cc phng tin vn tilm pht sinh kh thi cha cc cht nhim khng kh bao gm: Bi, SO2, NOx, CO,

hydrocacbon... Tuy nhin, s lng phng tin tham gia thi cng khng nhiu, hot ng

khng cng lc, khu vc thc hin d n tng i thng thong,... nn nng kh thi rt

thp.

Thi lng:

Bi t pht sinh t mt ng do cc xe ti vn chuyn vt liu xy dng:

i vi bi pht sinh t mt ng do cc xe ti vn chuyn vt liu xy dng, vt t,thit b... Thi lng v nng bi pht tn t ng ln s ph thuc vo nhiu yu t

nh cht lng ng s ni cc xe chy qua; vn tc xe chy; trng ti ca xe; qung

ng i; s bnh ca xe... Nu bit c cc s liu nh lng chi tit ny, chng ta c

th da vo h s nhim do WHO thit lp d bo thi lng v nng bi pht sinh

do qu trnh vn chuyn vt liu xy dng. H s nhim bi pht tn t mt ung do hot

ng ca cc xe vn chuyn c WHO thit lp nh sau:

Bng 3.2: Bng h s pht sinh bi do cc xe vn chuyn chy trn ung

Ngun phtsinh

Loi ng n vH s pht sinh bi (*)

(kg/1000km/xe)

Hot ng vnchuyn

nguyn, vtliu xy dng

ng ri si 1000 km 3,7 x f (**)

ng st 1000 km 2,1 x f (**)

ng lt , nha(b rng < 10m)

1000 km 15

ng lt , nha(b rng > 10m) 1000 km 4,4

29


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Ghi ch:(*) : H s pht sinh bi trong ma nng(**): f = S(W0,7)( w0,5)

+ S: vn tc trung bnh ca xe (km/h)

+ W: Ti trng trung bnh ca xe (tn)

+ w: S bnh xe trung bnh

Ngun: Assessment of Sources of Air, Water, and Land Pollution Park I WHO,

Geneva 1993.

Thi gian thi cng xy dng d kin l 14 thng (bng 1.5 trang 15), lm vic 30

ngy/thng. Gi s p ng tin thi cng, hng ngy cn c 20 chuyn xe ti (trng ti

10 tn) vn chuyn nguyn vt liu, qung ng vn chuyn trung bnh khong 10km

(vt liu c mua ti thnh ph Nng), loi ng nha, ly thi gian lm vic l

10h/ngy. p dng h s tnh ton nhanh do WHO thit lp i vi xe chy du c trng ti

t 3,5 16 tn khi chy on ng di 1000Km s thi vo khng kh lng cht nhim

nh sau:

Bng 3.3: Thi lng bi pht sinh do cc xe vn chuyn chy trn ng

trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng

Loi ngH s pht

sinh bi(kg/1000km.xe)

Thi lng bipht thi trungbnh (kg/ngy)

ng nha (b rng >10m) 4,4 0,88

Khi thi t cc phng tin vn chuyn nguyn vt liu xy dng:

Cc phng tin vn chuyn nguyn vt liu xy dng u s dng nhin liu l du

DO, khi hot ng s thi ra mi trng mt lng ln khi thi cha nhiu cht nhim

nh bi, CO, SO2, NOx, s gp phn lm nhim mi trng khng kh ti khu vc. Thi

lng cc cht nhim ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh vn tc xe chy, phn khi ng c,

cht lng ng c, lng nhin liu tiu th, qung ng i,

Nu bit c lng nhin liu tiu th hng ngy hoc qung ng i ca cc loi

phng tin trn, chng ta da vo h s nhim do WHO (T chc Y t th gii) thit lp

nh bng sau (bng 3.4) th c th c tnh c thi lng cc cht nhim do cc phng

tin ny thi vo mi trng.

Bng 3.4: Bng h s nhim i vi cc loi xe chy du DO

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Cht

nhim

H s nhim ca xe ti c trng ti t 3,5 16 tn

(kg/1000km hoc kg/tn du)

Trong thnh ph Ngoi thnh ph ng cao tc

1000km tn du 1000km tn du 1000km tn duBi 0,9 4,3 0,9 4,3 0,9 4,3

SO2 4,29S 20S 4,15S 20S 4,15S 20S

NOx 11,8 55 14,4 70 14,4 70

CO 6,0 28 2,9 14 2,9 14

Ghi ch:

S: hm lng lu hunh trong du (%)

Ngun: Assessment of Sources of Air, Water and Land Pollution Park I WHO,

Geneva, 1993.

Nh nu trn, c tnh trung bnh mi ngy d n c khong 20 chuyn xe vn

chuyn nguyn vt liu xy dng vi qung ng trung bnh l 20km (c i ln v), thi

gian lm vic l 10h/ngy, ng giao thng trong khu vc thc hin d n l ng th,

hm lng lu hunh trong du DO l 0,25%, thi gian thi cng n khi hon thin cc

cng trnh kin trc l 14 thng. Thi lng cc cht nhim trong khi thi t hot ng

ca cc phng tin giao thng vn ti nh sau:

Bng 3.5: c tnh thi lng cc cht nhim trong khi thi

Cht nhimLng cht

nhim pht sinh(kg/1000km.xe)

Thi lngtrung bnh ngy

(kg/ngy)

Bi 0,9 0,36

SO2 4,29S 0,43

NOx 11,8 7,72

CO 6,0 2,40

a2. Ngun pht sinh nc thi

Nc thi sinh hot:

Nc thi sinh hot pht sinh do hot ng n ung, v sinh,... ca cc cng nhn trong

thi gian xy dng cng trnh.

c tnh trong giai on xy dng, s lng cng nhn trung bnh hin din trn cng

trng khong 100ngi/ngy v mi ngi s dng khong 50 lt nc/ngy (ca) th tng

lng nc s dng khong 5m3 v lng nc thi khong 4m3 (lng nc thi chim

80% lng nc cp).

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Thnh phn nc thi sinh hot ch yu l cc cht hu c d b phn hu sinh hc

(nh cacbonhydrat, protein, m), cht dinh dng (N,P), cht rn l lng v vi sinh gy

bnh. Cc cht ny c th gy nhim mi trng nu khng c x l.

Nc thi xy dng:Nc thi xy dng pht sinh do vic ti, ra vt liu xy dng (ti gch, trn va,

b tng,...), ra dng c xy dng, nc v sinh trong khu hon thin cng trnh. Thnh

phn nc thi ny ch yu cha cn l lng, c,... khng cha cc thnh phn c hi.

Nc ma chy trn:

Nc ma chy trn trn b mt khu vc thi cng s cun theo cc cht rn, cht bn,

du m ri vi xung lng ng v chy vo h thng cng thot nc chung ca khu vc,

gy nhim ngun tip nhn.a3. Ngun pht sinh cht thi rn:

Cht thi rn pht sinh trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng cng trnh gm:

Cht thi rn xy dng: ch yu l cc loi cht thi nh bao b, st thp vn, , ct,

si, xi mng, chng ti s thc hin cng tc thu gom, phn loi v x l hp l

lng cht thi rn ny.

Cht thi rn sinh hot: Gm bao b, thc n tha... Theo c tnh trung bnh mt ngy

mi cng nhn lm vic ti khu vc d n s thi ra khong 0,3 kg rc thi. Mi ngyc khong 100 cng nhn lm vic ti khu vc d n th lng rc thi sinh hot pht

sinh l 30 kg/ngy.

b. Ngun gy tc ng khi d n i vo hot ng

Cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng c lin quan n cht thi trong giai on d n

hot ng nh sau:

b1. Cc ngun gy nhim khng kh:

Ngun pht sinh:

Kh thi do hot ng ca my pht in d phng

Kh thi do hot ng ca cc phng tin giao thng (cha bi, SO2, NO2, CO,...)

Mi pht sinh t khu vc nh hng v do nu nng ca cc h dn

Thi lng v nng cc cht nhim:

Kh thi do hot ng ca my pht in d phng:

Thi lng cc cht nhim:

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Khi i vo hot ng, phng s c mt in, d n trang b 02 my pht in d

phng c cng sut 1000 KVA, s dng nhin liu chy my l du DO c hm lng lu

hunh trong du l 0,25%; t tng 0,86. Theo nh mc, lng du DO s dng khong

150l/h (130kg/h). Theo phng php nh gi nhanh ca WHO, ta c th c tnh c thilng cc cht nhim trong khi thi ca my pht in nh sau:

Bng 3.6: c tnh thi lng cc cht nhim trong khi thi

ca my pht in d phng

TT Cht nhimH s nhim(kg/tn du)

Thi lng trung bnh(mg/s)

1 Bi 0,71 25,64

2 SO2 20S 180,563 NOx 9,62 347,39

4 CO 2,19 79,08

Ngun: Assessment of Sources of Air, Water and Land Pollution Park I WHO,

Geneva, 1993.

Nng cc cht nhim:

Nng cc cht nhim t khi thi c tnh ton trn c s thi lng nhim v

lu lng khi thi.+ Lu lng khi thi c tnh theo cng thc sau:

( )[ ] ( )3600.273

273..1. 020

0 TVVBL

++=

(m3/s)

(Ngun: S tay hng dn x l nhim mi trng trong sn xut tiu th cng

nghip S Khoa hc cng ngh v mi trng thnh ph H Ch Minh 1999)

Trong :

B : Lng du DO t trong 1 gi. B = 130kg

Vo : Lng khng kh cn t chy 1kg du DO. Vo = 10,5 m3/kg

V 200 : Lng khi (200C) sinh ra khi t 1kg du DO. V20

0 = 11,5 m3/kg

: H s tha khng kh, ly bng 1,25

T : Nhit kh thi, ly bng 1500C

=>( )[ ] ( )

3600.273

150273.5,10.125,15,11.130 ++=L = 0,79 (m3/s)

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Nh vy, nng cc cht nhim trong khi thi do chy my pht in theo tnh

ton l thuyt nh sau:

Bng 3.7: Nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi my pht in

TT Cht nhim VT Nng

QCVN

19:2009/BTNMT

(Ct B)

1 Bi mg/m3 32,46 120

2 SO2 228,56 300

3 NOx 439,73 510

4 CO 100,1 600

Ghi ch: QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v kh thi cngnghip i vi bi v cc cht v c

Nhn xt:

Cc kt qu bng 3.7 cho thy so vi quy chun QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT ct B, nng

cc cht nhim trong kh thi do chy my pht in u thp hn tiu chun cho php.

Mt khc my pht in ch hot ng khi c s c mt in nn kh thi do chy my pht

in nh hng khng ng k n mi trng xung quanh.

Kh thi do hot ng ca cc phng tin giao thngHot ng ca cc phng tin giao thng ra vo khu chung c lm pht sinh khi thi

(cha bi v cc cht kh c hi). Tuy nhin, hin nay hu ht cc loi xe tham gia giao

thng u l loi xe i mi, c cht lng cao nn nng bi, kh c trong khi thi rt

thp. c tnh s b thi lng cc cht nhim trong khi thi ca cc loi xe, chng

ti s dng h s nhim do WHO thit lp nh cc bng sau:

Bng 3.8: H s nhim khng kh i vi cc loi xe t chy trn loi ng th

Cc loi xe n v (U)Bi

(kg/U)SO2

(kg/U)NOx

(kg/U)CO

(kg/U)

ng c < 1400cc1000 km 0,07 1,61S 0,20 1,71

tn nhin liu 0,87 20S 2,46 21,21

ng c 1400 - 2000 cc1000 km 0,07 1,94S 0,25 1,49

tn nhin liu 0,72 20S 2,57 15,39

ng c > 2000cc1000 km 0,07 2,23S 0,25 1,49

tn nhin liu 0,63 20S 2,24 13,41

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Bng 3.9: H s nhim khng kh i vi cc loi xe m t

Cc loi xe n v (U)Bi

(kg/U)SO2

(kg/U)NOx

(kg/U)CO

(kg/U)

ng c 2 th < 50cc 1000 km 0,12 0,36S 0,05 10tn nhin liu 6,7 20S 2,8 550

ng c 2 th > 50cc1000 km 0,12 0,6S 0,08 22

tn nhin liu 4 20S 2,7 730

ng c 4 th > 50cc1000 km - 0,76S 0,30 20

tn nhin liu - 20S 8 525

Ghi ch: S: hm lng lu hunh trong nhin liu. Trong xng, hm lng lu hunh

khong 0,039%Ngun: Assessment of Sources of Air, Water and Land Pollution Park I WHO,

Geneva, 1993.

Trong trng hp ton b cc cn h trong khu chung c u c s dng, vi 146

cn h, 4ngi/cn, ta gi nh s h gia nh c t l 30 v mi 1 h gia nh mua 2 xe

my th s xe my s l 292 xe.

Gi s vo lc cao im c khong 10 xe t chy vn tc trung bnh 40km/h v 50 xe

my vi vn tc 40km/h ra vo khu chung c, cc loi xe t u l loi c ngc>2000cc, xe my ph bin l loi 4 th >50cc v u s dng xng c hm lng lu

hunh trong xng l 0,093%, c tnh thi lng cc cht nhim trong khi thi ca cc

phng tin giao thng ra vo khu chung c vo gi cao im nh sau:

Bng 3.10: c tnh thi lng cc cht nhim trong khi thi do xe t

v m t ra vo khu chung c gy ra

Cht nhim

Thi lng trung bnh trong gi cao im

(mg/s)Xe t Xe m t

Bi 7,78 -

SO2 10,00 16,67

NOx 27,78 166,67

CO 165,56 11.111,1

Mi pht sinh t hot ng ca nh hng v do nu nng ca cc h dn

Mi pht sinh t cc qu trnh ny ch yu l mi thc n, y l loi mi c tnh nh

hng cc b, ch yu trong khu vc nh bp.

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b2. Cc ngun gy nhim mi trng nc

Nc thi pht sinh trong giai on d n i vo hot ng bao gm nc thi sinh

hot v nc ma.

Nc thi sinh hot Ngun pht sinh:

+ T qu trnh sinh hot ca nhn vin v cc h gia nh

+ T cc hot ng dch v nh: nh hng, lau chi, v sinh...

+ Nc thi ra lc h bi

Thnh phn:

c im c bn ca nc thi sinh hot l cha nhiu cht bn khc nhau m trong c hm lng cao ca cc cht hu c khng bn vng, d b phn hu sinh hc (nh

cacbonhydrat, protein, cht bo), cc cht dinh dng (phospho, nit), mt s ln vi sinh vt

v cn b, cn l lng.

Lu lng:

Theo tnh ton nhu cu s dng nc khi d n i vo hot ng vi cng sut ti a

xp x 149,95 m3 (trang 10) (khng tnh lng nc ti cy, ra ng, nc cha chy).

Theo mt s ti liu th lng nc thi sinh hot thng chim khong 80% lng nccp (TS. Trnh Xun Lai Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi NXB Xy

dng H Ni 2000) nn lu lng nc thi trung bnh ngy m ca d n l:

149,95 x 0,8 = 119,96 m3/ngym 120 m3/ngym

Nng v thi lng cc cht nhim:

Theo nghin cu ca Metcalf v Eddy, nng cc cht bn trong nc thi sinh hot

nh sau:

Bng 3.11: Cc thnh phn c trng v nng ca n trong nc thi sinh hot

Cht nhim n vNng

Nh Trung bnh Nng

1. Cht rn tng cng mg/l 350 720 1200

- Ho tan (TDS) 250 500 820

- L lng (SS) 100 220 350

2. Cht rn lng c 5 10 20

3. BOD5 110 220 4004. COD 250 500 1000

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Cht nhim n vNng

Nh Trung bnh Nng

5. Nit tng (tnh theo N) 20 40 85

- Hu c 8 15 35- Amoni t do 12 25 50

- Nitrit 0 0 0

- Nitrat 0 0 0

6. Photpho tng (tnh theo P) 4 8 15

7. Tng Coliform MPN/100ml 106 - 107 108 108 107 109

Ngun: Wastewater Engineering Treatment and Reuse. METCALF & EDDY,

McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Fourth Edition, 2003.Kt qu bng trn cho thy nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot u

rt ln. Tuy nhin trong thc t nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot ph

thuc vo iu kin sng, cht lng ba n, lng nc s dng... Theo ti liu ca TS

Trn c H, nng cc cht bn trong nc thi sinh hot ca khu dn c Kim Lin, H

Ni nh bng sau (Bo co ti NCKH B94-34-06 M hnh cc trm XLNT cng sut

nh trong iu kin Vit Nam):

Bng 3.12: Nng cc cht bn trong nc thi sinh hot ca khu Kim Lin

TT Ch tiu n v Nng (mg/l)QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT

(Ct B)

1 COD mg/l 315 -

2 BOD5 mg/l 250 50

3 TSS mg/l 270 100

4 TDS mg/l 750 1000

5 NH+

4 mg/l 32 -6 PO 34 mg/l 12,5 10

7 Coliform MPN/100ml 13.106 5000

Ngun: Trn c H - Bo co ti NCKH B94-34-06 - M hnh cc trm x l

nc thi cng sut nh trong iu kin Vit Nam Trng i hc Xy dng, H Ni,

1995.

Ghi ch: QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi sinh hot.

Nhn xt:

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T cc kt qu cc bng trn cho thy ngun nc thi sinh hot ca d n nu khng

c x l th y l ngun thi c nng cc cht nhim ln, vt quy chun cho php

v gy tc ng xu n mi trng.

Nc thi t h bi:Nc cung cp cho h bi khong 360m3, lng nc ny khng thi ra mi trng m

hng ngy s b sung thm cho h lng nc do bc hi khong 1% ngy (3,6m3/ngy)

Thnh phn nc thi h bi ch yu cha cc cht kh trng [Ca(OCl)2 hoc TCCA],

dit rong ru (CuSO4) hoc c th cha nhng cht thi do mt s ngi v thi ra nh

m di, nc mi...

Khi thay mi nc h bi th lng nc ny khng thi ra mi trng m c x l

v s dng tun hon nn nc thi t h bi ch yu l nc ra b phn lc. Thnh phnnc ra lc ch yu l cn v cht bn hu c. Vic ra b phn lc ch 1 ln/tun v nc

ra lc khong 5m3/ln.

Nc thi t h to cnh quan:

Nc dng cho h to cnh quan khong 60m3. Lng nc ny khng x ra thng

xuyn m ch khi thay mi nc h th mi thi ra. Thi gian xc ra h khong 4

thng/ln. Thnh phn ch yu ca nc thi t h to cnh quan l cc cht l lng, cht

bn hu c (rong ru, phn c...).Nhn chung, nng cc cht nhim t ngun thi ny s thp hn nhiu so vi cc

cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot. Khi x ra ngoi s nh hng khng ng k n

mi trng.

Nc ma chy trn:

Nc ma chy trn qua mt bng khu vc s cun theo cc cht cn b, t, ct ri vi

trn mt bng.

Theo WHO, 1993 nng cc cht nhim trong nc ma nh sau: Tng Nit : 0,5 1,5 mg/l.

Photpho : 0,004 0,03 mg/l.

COD : 10 20 mg/l.

SS : 10 20 mg/l.

Kt qu trn cho thy: nng cc thng s c trong nc ma rt thp; thp hn

nhiu so vi nc thi sinh hot.

b3. Cc ngun cht thi rn

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Cht thi rn pht sinh ch yu do sinh hot ca cc h dn, CBCNV v cc hot ng

phc v ngi dn trong cc cn h.

Thnh phn ch yu ca cht thi rn bao gm:

+ Cht thi thc phm: thc n, rau qu tha... Loi cht thi ny phn hu nhanh,trong qu trnh phn hu to mi hi, thi rt kh chu, nht l trong iu kin thi

tit nng m.

+ Cht v c: bao b cc loi, snh s thu tinh, polymer...

Khi lng cht thi rn:

Vit Nam, lng cht thi rn sinh hot pht sinh ty thuc vo tng loi th v

dao ng t 0,35 kg/ngi.ngy n 0,8 kg/ngi.ngy (Ngun: Trn Hiu Nhu, ng

Quc Dng, Nguyn Th Kim Thi Qun l cht thi rn, tp 1 NXB Xy dng, H Ni,2001). c tnh lng rc thi pht sinh t cc h dn v CBCNV ca Khu chung c cao

cp The Summit khong 0,8kg/ngi.ngy, vi s lng CBCNV l 80 ngi v dn c

trong cc cn h l 584 ngi (tnh trung bnh 4ngi/cn h) th khi lng rc thi sinh

hot pht sinh hng ngy l:

0,8 x (80 + 584) = 531,2 (kg/ngy)

Lng cht thi rn ny nu khng c t chc thu gom v a i x l theo quy nh

th s gy tc ng xu n mi trng khu vc.

3.1.1.2. Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi

a. Giai on thi cng xy dng cng trnh:

Cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi trong giai on thi

cng xy dng cng trnh gm:

S lng xe trong khu vc tng ln lm nh hng n vic i li ca ngi dn a

phng, tng s v tai nn giao thng.

Qu trnh rung ng khi thi cng s gy nh hng n cc h dn gn v tr xy

dng d n (ch yu l cc h dn ven ng Phan B Phin).

C kh nng xy ra hin tng st ln nn t trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng, lm

ng, cng trnh, gy nguy him n nh ca, tnh mng ca cng nhn lao ng v

ngi dn khu vc ln cn.

Vic thi cng phn mng ca cng trnh ch yu gy nhim ting n, y l tc ng

mang tnh tm thi, ch pht sinh trong thi gian xy dng.

Pht sinh bi t bm trn cy ci v cc cng trnh ven ng gy mt m quan khu

vc.

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Vic tp trung lao ng xy dng cng trnh c th nh hng n tnh hnh an ninh,

trt t x hi ti a phng.

Pht sinh ting n, ch yu t cc ngun:

+ My mc, thit b san i, m nn;+ My trn b tng;

+ My ng cc;

+ Xe ti vn chuyn nguyn vt liu.

n pht sinh do hot ng ca cc my mc thit b c lit k bng sau:

Bng 3.13: n mt s thit b thi cng trn cng trng

Thit b n cch ngun 15m (dBA)

Ti liu 1 Ti liu 2

My khoan 87

Xe ti 82 94

My xc 72 84

My m 72 74

My ko 77 96

My cp t 80 93My p b tng 85

Cn trc di ng 76 87

My i 93

My trn b tng 75 75 88

Ngun:

- Ti liu 1 : Nguyn nh Tun v cc ng s

- Ti liu 2 : Mackernize, L.Da, nm 1985

Theo TCVN 5948 1998, mc n cho php khu dn c t 6h n 18h l 60 dBA, t

18h n 22h l 55 dBA, theo nh s liu t bng trn th ting n t cc loi my mc thi

cng u vt so vi tiu chun quy nh.

Tm li, trong qu trnh chun b mt bng, thi cng xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh,

vic pht sinh cc ngun gy tc ng n cht lng mi trng ti khu vc l iu khng

trnh khi. Tuy nhin, nhng tc ng ny ch xy ra tm thi trong gian on xy dng,

khi cc cng trnh ca d n hon thnh th cc tc ng ny s khng cn na.

b. Giai on d n i vo hot ng

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Cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi trong giai on d n

i vo hot ng c th k n nh sau:

Mt giao thng trong vng tng ln lm gim cht lng ng s, nh hng n

an ton giao thng. Khi d n hot ng s thu ht mt lng ln dn c n , s dng dch v ti y

(mua sm khu trung tm thng mi...), t c th gy nh hng n an ninh trt

t ti a phng.

Trong giai on hot ng ca d n, khi xy ra mt in, my pht in s hot ng

v sinh ra ting n. Theo s liu ca U ban qun l ng cao tc (FHA) ca M, mc

n ca my pht in thng dao ng trong khong 70 80 dBA.

Gii quyt mt phn lao ng d tha ti a phng, ng gp vo ngn sch nhnc.

3.1.2. i tng, quy m b tc ng

3.1.2.1. Trong giai on thi cng xy dng

Cc i tng b tc ng trong giai on thi cng xy dng bao gm:

Mi trng khng kh

Mi trng khng kh ti khu vc d n, trn tuyn ng vn chuyn t, chu nh

hng do bi t, khi thi t my mc, thit b thi cng, phng tin vn chuyn.

nh hng n cc h dn trn ng Phan B Phin bi bi, ting n, rung...

Mi trng nc:

Nc thi ti khu vc d n s chy vo h thng cng thnh ph, hn na xung quanh

khu vc d n khng c ngun nc mt, nc ngm cng khng c ngi dn s dng

sinh hot nn nc thi do D n pht sinh khng gy nh hng n mi trng nc

khu vc.

Mi trng t:

Ton b din tch t trong khu vc d n b tc ng lm thay i cu to, tnh cht

lp t b mt do vic san i, thi cng ca d n.

Mi trng kinh t - x hi:

Cc cht gy nhim mi trng trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng gy nh hng n

sc kho ca ngi dn thuc khu dn c Bc Phan B Phin v ngi dn i li trn

cc tuyn ng giao thng ti khu vc d n.

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Khi thi cng xy dng s tuyn m lao ng, gii quyt cng n vic lm cho ngi

dn trong vng, tng cc hot ng dch v, tng thu nhp.

nh hng n an ninh trt t ti a phng do tp trung ng cng nhn, nh hng

n giao thng khu vc do phng tin vn chuyn t ct, nguyn vt liu thi cng...3.1.2.2. Trong giai on d n i vo hot ng

Mi trng khng kh

Mi trng khng kh ti khu vc d n b tc ng do kh thi t cc phng tin

tham gia giao thng, kh thi ca my pht in d phng (khi mt in)

Mi trng nc

Hot ng ca d n khng gy nhim mi trng nc ti khu vc.

Mi trng kinh t - x hi

Tng ngun thu ngn sch, to cng n vic lm, pht trin cc hot ng dch v, tng

thu nhp...

nh hng n an ninh trt t ti a phng, tng mt giao thng trn cc tuyn

ng xung quanh khu vc d n.

3.1.3. nh gi tc ng

3.1.3.1. Trong giai on thi cng xy dng cng trnh

a. Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim khng kh

Tc ng ca bi

Bi t t qu trnh thi cng xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh. y l ngun

nhim thp v gy ra nhim cc b ti khu vc d n, ch yu nh hng n cng nhn

lao ng trn cng trng (gy cc bnh v ng h hp, mt,...). Ngoi ra bi cn gy

nh hng n h thc vt ti khu vc (bi bm trn mt l s gy cn tr qu trnh quang

hp ca cy), lm cho mi trng khng kh khu vc b nhim, mt i mi trng tronglnh nh trc y.

Bi t pht sinh t mt ng do cc xe vn chuyn vt liu xy dng, y cng l

ngun nhim thp v gy nhim hai bn ng (ngun tuyn) ca tuyn ng m cc

xe ny chy qua. nh hng xu n mi trng sng ca cc h dn hai bn ng (bi

bm vo nh ca, thc n, vt dng trong nh,... lm mt v sinh, gy bnh) v ngi tham

gia giao thng trn tuyn ng m cc xe ny chy qua (bi bm vo qun o, mt mi,...

lm mt v sinh, gy bnh).

Tc ng ca kh thi t phng tin vn chuyn v thit b thi cng

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Hot ng ca cc thit b thi cng c gii v phng tin vn chuyn lm pht sinh

cc cht nhim nh: bi, kh c (CO, SO2, NOx) gp phn gy nhim mi trng khng

kh xung quanh v gy nh hng n sc kho ca cng nhn lao ng trn cng trng

(cc loi kh nh SO2, NOx nng cao s gy nh hng n h h hp, au u,... , khCO lm gim kh nng vn chuyn oxy ca mu i nui c th).

Thi lng cc cht nhim ph thuc vo lng nhin liu b t (lng my mc

hot ng ti cng trng), thnh phn nhin liu v cht lng my mc s dng.

Nhin liu s dng vn hnh thit b, chy ng c l du DO, c hm lng lu

hunh thp (S=0,05%) nn pht sinh kh thi c cha hm lng SO2 thp hn mc tiu

chun cho php. Hn na, s lng my mc hot ng khng nhiu, khng thng xuyn,

khu vc d n c khng gian rng, thong nn pha long cc cht nhim, do mc

tc ng ca kh thi t phng tin vn chuyn v cc thit b thi cng l rt thp.

b. Tc ng do nc thi

Nc thi sinh hot:

Nc thi sinh hot pht sinh do hot ng ca cng nhn trong thi gian xy dng

cng trnh. c im c bn ca nc thi sinh hot l cha hm lng cao cc cht hu c

d phn hu sinh hc, cht dinh dng, cc cht rn l lng v vi sinh gy bnh. Kt qu

bng 3.11 v 3.12 trang 38;39cho thy hu ht nng cc cht nhim trong nc thisinh hot u vt quy chun cho php (QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT). Do vy, nu khng c

bin php qun l v x l ph hp th lng nc thi ny c nguy c gy nhim n

ngun nc tip nhn, gy nhim khng kh (gy mi) ti khu vc. Tuy nhin, lng nc

thi sinh hot pht sinh trong giai on thi cng xy dng nh khong 4m3/ngy (theo tnh

ton trang 33) nn mc tc ng l khng ng k.

Nc thi xy dng:

Nc thi xy dng pht sinh do vic ti, ra vt liu xy dng (ti gch, trn va,

b tng,...), ra dng c. Phn ln lng nc ny thm vo vt liu, t thi ra mi trng.

Thnh phn nc thi ch yu cha cn l lng, c, hn na nc thi xy dng ch

pht sinh trong mt thi gian ngn nn tc ng n mi trng khng ng k.

Nc ma:

Khi tri ma, nc ma t mi nh xung v t khu vc sn bi s cun theo t

ct, du m, cc cht thi rn ri vi xung h thng thot nc khu vc. y cng l

ngun c th gy nh hng n cht lng mi trng nc. So vi nc thi th nc

ma kh sch nn nh hng khng ng k n ngun nc tip nhn.

c. Tc ng do cht thi rn:

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Trong giai on thi cng xy dng s pht sinh cc loi cht thi rn nh sau:

Cht thi rn xy dng:

Gm t, , gch ngi v, g cp pha, bao b xi mng, st thp vn, loi cht thi

ny tr vi mi trng v s c thu gom, tn dng nn tc ng n mi trng khngng k.

Cht thi rn sinh hot:

Cht thi rn sinh hot: ch yu l thc n tha, v rau qu, giy vn, cc loi bao b,

do sinh hot ca cng nhn trn cng trng. Lng cht thi ny tuy khng ln, khong

30kg/ngy (theo tnh ton trang 33) nhng nu khng c bin php qun l, thu gom x l

hp l hoc tn ng nhiu ngy s to mi trng sng cho mt s vt ch trung gian

gy bnh nh rui, mui,... gy tc ng trc tip n i sng sinh hot ca cng nhn ticng trng.

d. Tc ng ca ting n:

Ting n cng l ngun gy tc ng xu n mi trng khu vc. Ting n ch yu

pht sinh t cc xe ch t thi, nguyn vt liu xy dng v cc phng tin thi cng c

gii. Cc loi phng tin ny c kh nng gy ting n mc cao (bng 3.13 trang 41) s

gy tc ng xu n mi trng lm vic, sinh hot ca con ngi ti khu vc xy dng

D n.Tuy nhin, do ting n lan truyn trong khng kh s gim dn theo khong cch nn

mc nh hng n khu vc xung quanh trong phm vi khng ln, ch yu tc ng trc

tip n sc khe ca cng nhn trn cng trng.

Mc n gim i theo khong cch c tnh theo cng thc sau:

L = 20.lg(1

2

r

r)1+a (dB)

Trong :

+ L: mc n gim theo khong cch

+ r1= khong cch t ngun gy n n im o bit

+ r2= khong cch (m) t ngun gy n n im b tc ng

+ a: h s hp th ting n (i vi mt t c cy: a = 0,1)

Ting n gy nh hng n c quan thnh gic, gim hiu sut lao ng v phn x

ca cng nhn, c th dn ti tai nn lao ng, l nguyn nhn ca bnh thn kinh, au u,gim tr nh...

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y l iu khng trnh khi do tnh cht cng vic ca cng nhn cng trng. Tuy

nhin tc ng ny ch mang tnh tm thi.

e. Tc ng ca rung ng khi thi cng:

Rung ng khi thi cng c kh nng gy xung cp cc nh ca dn xung quanh v trxy dng d n, nh hng i sng sinh hot ca ngui dn ti y (ch yu ven ng

Phan B Phin). Tuy nhin y l tc ng mang tnh tm thi, ch xy ra trong qu trnh

xy dng th cc hng mc cng trnh ca d n.

f. Tc ng n mi trng kinh t - x hi:

Vic tp trung mt lng cng nhn kh ln trong thi gian xy dng c th gy tc

ng tiu cc ti an ninh, trt t x hi ti khu vc d n. Chng ti s u tin s dng lao

ng l ngi dn a phng lm gim mc tc ng n tnh hnh an ninh, trt tx hi ti y.

Hot ng ca cc phng tin vn ti trong thi gian thi cng lm tng mt giao

thng trong khu vc, do lm gim cht lng ng s, nh hng n an ton giao

thng trong khu vc.

Trong giai on thi cng cng c tc ng tch cc l gp phn gii quyt lao ng,

tng thu nhp tm thi cho ngi lao ng. kch thch pht trin mt s loi hnh dch v

nh kinh doanh n ung, gii kht, nh tr phc v cho sinh hot ca cng nhn khu vc dn.

nh gi chung:

Hu ht cc tc ng pht sinh trong qu trnh thi cng u gy tc ng xu n mi

trng xung quanh: c mi trng khng kh; mi trng t, cnh quan khu vc, mi

trng kinh t - x hi.

Tuy nhin, nhn chung cc tc ng pht sinh u ch nh hng mc thp hoc

trung bnh, ngn hn v c th khc phc c bng cc bin php qun l v k thut.3.1.3.2. Trong giai on hot ng ca d n

a. Tc ng ca ngun gy nhim khng kh v ting n

Hot ng ca cc phng tin giao thng, my pht in d phng, nu n... lm pht

sinh bi, kh thi gy nh hng n cht lng mi trng khng kh xung quanh.

i vi hot ng ca cc phng tin giao thng:

Hu ht cc phng tin giao thng ra vo khu chung c u l cc loi xe i mi,

cht lng cao, kh thi m bo tiu chun x thi theo quy nh nn ngun tc ng ny

c nh gi l rt thp.

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i vi hot ng ca my pht in d phng

My pht in d phng ch hot ng ch hot ng khi s c mt in xy ra, m

ngun in trong khu vc kh n nh, s c mt in t khi xy ra v nu c cng ch din

ra trong thi gian ngn nn hot ng ca my pht in l khng thng xuyn. Hn nach d n s u t my pht in loi mi, hin i v c b phn x l kh thi nn nh

hng ca my pht in d phng l khng ng k.

b. Tc ng ca nc thi

Nc thi sinh hot

Theo nh tnh ton, nh gi phn trn (trang 37), lng nc thi sinh hot hng

ngy ca Khu chung c xp x 120m3/ngym, nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi

u vt mc quy nh ca QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT nhiu ln.Trong trng hp nc thi sinh hot ca d n khng c x l hoc khi h thng x

l gp s c th lng nc thi ny khi chy ra h thng cng thot nc khu vc s gy

tc ng xu n mi trng tip nhn. Mt s tc ng ca nc thi sinh hot c th k

n nh sau:

Lm tng mc chu ti ca h thng thot nc chung trong khu vc.

Cc hp cht hu c c trong nc thi khi phn hu s gy mi hi thi kh chu, gy

nh hng n ngun nc tip nhn v nh hng n cht lng mi trng khngkh ti im x thi cng cc khu vc ln cn.

Nc ma

Nc ma chy trn s cun theo cn b, bi t bm trn cng trnh, l ng vo h

thng thot nc ca khu vc. Tuy nhin nng cc cht nhim trong nc ma chy

trn thp nn mc tc ng l khng ng k. Nc ma ch tc ng ng k trong thi

gian u ca cn ma (nc ma nh u); cc thi im sau, tc ng ca nc ma l

rt thp. Tc ng ca nc thi t h bi

Nc thi t vic thay mi nc h bi v nc ra b phn lc lm tng hm lng

cn lng, c, cht hu c cho ngun tip nhn.

Tuy nhin, nc h bi c x l v s dng tun hon; vic ra b phn lc l khng

thng xuyn (1ln/tun; nc ra lc khong 5m3) nn mc tc ng l thp.

c. Tc ng ca cht thi rn

Cht thi rn pht sinh t cc hot ng ca d n ch yu l rc thi sinh hot. Tng

lng rc thi ra hng ngy ca d n khong 531,2 kg/ngy (theo tnh ton trang 40)

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Thnh phn rc thi cha nhiu cht hu c d b phn hu, trong iu kin thi tit

nng m, vi sinh vt s phn hu lng cht hu c ny lm bc mi hi thi. ng thi,

ngun rc thi l ni pht trin v sinh sng ca cc loi gm nhm, cc vt ch trung gian

gy bnh nh rui, mui,... tc ng xu n sc kho con ngi v cnh quan khu vcthc hin d n. Nu rc thi khng c thu gom hp l, khi gp ma, nc ma s cun

lng rc trn xung ng, gy mt m quan khu vc, nh hng n dn c xung quanh.

d. Tc ng n giao thng khu vc ca cc phng tin ra vo khu chung c

Khi hot ng ht cng sut, s lng t ti d n c th t 30 chic v lng xe

my xp x 292 chic. Lng phng tin ny khi ra vo d n s lm tng mt giao

thng ti khu vc. Tuy nhin cc tuyn ng giao thng ti khu vc d n u l ng

ln, ng nha pha trc cng d n l ng 10,5m v tuyn ng Ng Quyn rng

hn 20m nn rt thun tin cho vic di chuyn, khng gy tc nghn giao thng.

D n c thit k vi quy m c th cha c 37 t v 302 xe my. Nh xe ca

d n gm 2 ca ra, vo; mi ca rng 6m, m bo kh nng ra vo lin tc ca cc loi

xe, khng gy tc nghn giao thng trc ca.

Nhn chung, h thng giao thng ti khu vc xy dng d n rt thun li nn cc

phng tin giao thng ra vo d n s gy nh hng khng ng k n tnh hnh giao

thng khu vc.

e. Tc ng v kinh t - x hi

Khi d n i vo hot ng s c nhiu tc ng tch cc n iu kin kinh t - x hi

ti khu vc ni ring v ca thnh ph Nng ni chung. Tuy nhin, s khng trnh khi

nhng tc ng tiu cc n mi trng x hi ti khu vc. Sau y l nhng tc ng ch

yu do hot ng ca d n n mi trng kinh t - x hi:

Tc ng tch cc:

Gii quyt cng n vic lm cho mt s lao ng a phng. To iu kin tng thunhp, nng cao i sng ngui dn trong khu vc.

Gp phn y nhanh pht trin kinh t x hi ca a bn khu vc d n ni ring v

thnh ph Nng ni chung

Tng thm ngun thu cho ngn sch.

Tc ng tiu cc:

Khi d n hot ng s lm tng mt lng dn c lu tr, khch s dng cc dch v

ca d n (mua sm trung tm thng mi), t c th gy nh hng n vn an ninh, trt t an ton x hi ca a phng.

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Tng mt giao thng vng d n do vic vn chuyn, di chuyn ca dn c ti khu

chung c, tng nguy c mt an ton v tai nn giao thng trong khu vc.

nh gi chung:

Trong s cc ngun tc ng tiu cc phn tch trn th nc thi sinh hot lngun gy tc ng n mi trng c cho l ng k nht.

Tt c cc ngun tc ng trn u c th pht sinh trong sut thi gian hot ng ca

d n, tch t li v gy sc p ln ln sc chu ti ca mi trng v c th dn n

nhim nu cng tc qun l v x l mi trng ca d n khng c thc hin nghim

tc. Do chng ti s nghim tc thc hin cc cng tc bo v mi trng hn ch n

mc thp nht cc tc ng ca d n gy ra n mi trng.

3.1.4. D bo ri ro, s c mi trng do d n gy raNhng ri ro, s c c th xy ra trong qu trnh xy dng cng nh khi d n i vo

hot ng gm:

3.1.4.1. Trong giai on xy dng:

a. Kh nng chy n

Khi thi cng xy dng cng nh khi d n i vo hot ng, vic s dng cc loi

nguyn vt liu, nhin liu khng ng quy nh rt d gy chy, n. Cc nguyn nhn dn

n chy n c th do: Vn chuyn nguyn vt liu v s dng cc cht d chy nh xng, du gn nhng ni

c ngun pht sinh nhit hay tia la trn.

Do v hoc s sut trong vic s dng in gy chy.

Tn tr cc loi rc, cc cht thi rn c ngun gc t giy, g trong khu vc thi cng

xy dng, c bit l cc khu vc c la hay tia la hn.

Cc thit b v in: dy trn, dy in, ng c, qut,... b qu ti trong qu trnh vn

hnh, pht sinh nhit v dn n chy; cc trng hp nh: ng ngt cu dao, chy

cu ch, mi ni dy dn khng cht cng l nguyn nhn d pht sinh ra tia la in.

b. Tai nn lao ng

Hot ng thi cng, xy dng cng trnh rt d xy ra tai nn lao ng do cc nguyn

nhn sau:

Ri nguyn vt liu khi bc d, tai nn giao thng trong khu vc;

Va ng gia cc thit b vn chuyn vi nhau;

Va ng gia cc thit b vn chuyn vi ngi lao ng;

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gin gio, ngi lao ng b ri, ng t gin gio khi lm vic hoc khi ln xung

gin gio; Ngi lao ng b ng t trn mi,

Sp khi lp kt cu thp, tho lp my;

Do s thiu thc tun th nghim chnh cc ni qui v an ton lao ng; Bt cn, thiu tp trung trong lao ng;

Do vic t chc mt bng thi cng trn cng trng cha hp l;

Thiu trang thit b bo h lao ng;

Do thi tit, nht l vo nhng ngy tri nng nng lm cho cng nhn d b say nng,

gy nhc u, chng mt, mt mi, Tri ma lm cho gin gio, nn t trn, T

c th dn n ti nn lao ng;

Ngoi ra, cn do bt li v t th lao ng, khng gian lm vic cht hp, cc yu t

tm l khng thun li khc,

3.1.4.2. Trong giai on d n hot ng

a. S c chy n

S c chy n c th xy ra do nhiu nguyn nhn:

Do chp mch, qu ti, st nh vo my bin p. Do s sut trong qu trnh s dng

in (nguy c chy do chm in chim khong 90%);

Do gp s c trong qu trnh bo qun v s dng gas nu n,...

Do s sut trong qu trnh un nu

Do bt cn, thiu s hiu bit hoc thiu thc ca nhn vin khi giao nhn nhin liu

nh du DO cho my pht in d phng, gas cho vic nu nng

Do s xut, thiu s hiu bit hoc thiu thc khi s dng la ht thuc, vt tn

thuc,

Hoc c th do ph hoi, mu thun c nhn, do say ru, tr em nghch la, S c chy n xy ra thng dn n mt s tc ng nh:

Gy nhim mi trng do pht sinh nhiu tro, bi, cc kh c hi (CO, SO 2, NOx) v

nc thi c c cao t qu trnh cha chy.

Gy thit hi v ti sn, vt kin trc, nh hng n cnh quan khu vc.

C th gy thit hi v tnh mng con ngi (bao gm c CBCNV v ngi dn c tr,

khch mua sm ti D n)

Chy l mt trong nhng s c c sc tn ph ln. Khi chy xy ra nu khng c

cu cha kp thi s gy thit hi ln v ngi v ti sn, nh hng nghim trng n mi

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trng sinh thi, lm thay i cnh quan khu vc. Do vy, Ch d n s c bit ch trng

n tnh an ton ca cc thit b s dng v cng tc PCCC trong qu trnh hot ng ca

d n.

b. Bo v p thp nhit i (ATN)Bo l mt trong nhng hin tng thi tit c bit nguy him. ng knh ca bo

n hng trm km, khi i qua bt c vng no bo u gy ra nhiu thit hi, nht l nhng

vng chu nh hng trc tip ca bo.

Ma bo khu vc thnh ph Nng cng nh khu vc min Trung thng xut

hin t thng IX n thng XI hng nm, nhng cng c nm bo xut hin sm (thng V,

VI) hoc bo mun (thng XII). Bo v ATN l hin tng thi tit nguy him. Khi trn

bin bo lm m thuyn, khi vo t lin s gy thit hi v nh ca, vt kin trc, h tngc s v c bit l thit hi v ngi. Bo cn thng km theo ma ln gy l lt v

thng thng km theo hin tng thi tit ny l vic xi l t. Cc ri ro ny ngoi vic

gy thit hi v ngi v ti sn cng s gy tc ng xu n mi trng khu vc.

c. S c t h thng x l nc thi

Trong qu trnh vn hnh h thng x l nc thi c th xy ra cc s c nh: qu ti,

cp in, h hng cc thit b x l hoc vn hnh khng m bo cc yu cu k thut,...

dn n nc thi ca D n khng c x l t tiu chun trc khi thi ra ngoi mitrng, gy nh hng n ngun tip nhn, nh hng n mi trng sng ca ngi dn

xung quanh khu vc d n... V vy, chng ti s c cc bin php phng chng cc s c,

ri ro ny.

3.2. NHN XT MC CHI TIT, TIN CY CA CC NH GI

Cc phng php nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM) m chng ti p dng trong bo

co ny l nhng phng php hin ang c s dng rng ri trong cng tc nh gi tc

ng mi trng cho cc d n pht trin kinh t - x hi Vit Nam v trn th gii v mang li nhng kt qu v hiu qu to ln trong cng cuc bo v mi trng gn vi mc

tiu pht trin kinh t - x hi. Cc phng php TM ny cng c a vo gio trnh

ging dy cho sinh vin ngnh cng ngh v qun l mi trng ca cc trng i hc nn

c tin cy cao.

Bng 3.13: Tng hp mc tin cy ca cc phng php TM s dng

TT Phng php tin

cyNguyn nhn

01 Phng php thng k Cao Da theo s liu thn k chnh thc

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c cng b

02Phng php ly mu ngoihin trng v phn tch trong

phng th nghim

Cao

- Thit b ly mu, phn tch mi,hin i.

- Da vo phng php ly mutiu chun.

03Phng php nh gi nhanhtheo h s nhim do WHOthit lp nm 1993

Trungbnh

Cha tht s ph hp vi iu kinVit Nam

04 Phng php so snh Cao Kt qu phn tch c tin cy cao

05 Phng php lp bng lit kTrungbnh

Phng php ch nh gi nh tnhhoc bn nh lng, da trn chquan ca nhng ngi nh gi

06Phng php tham vn cngng

Cao

Da vo kin chnh thc bng vnbn ca UBND v UBMTTQ VitNam phng Th Quang, qun SnTr, Tp. Nng.

Bo co TM ca d n Khu chung c cao cp The Summit do Cng ty TNHH t

Kinh tuyn s mt lm ch u t vi s t vn ca Trung tm Cng ngh Mi trng

Nng (DENTEC). vi kinh nghim nhiu nm lp bo co TM, DENTEC nh gi y

v c tin cy cn thit v cc tc ng ca d n v xut c cc gii php kh

thi hn ch cc tc ng c hi.

Trong qu trnh tin hnh lp bo co TM, chng ti tp hp c mt lng d

liu, s liu ln v s dng nhiu phng php TM c mc tin cy cao. Do vy, cc

nh gi trong bo co TM ny c thc hin mt cch chi tit v khi qut c tt

c cc tc ng mi trng do hot ng ca d n gy ra v cc tc ng ny c nh

gi mt cch trung thc, t ph thuc vo tnh ch quan ca ngi nh gi nn c tin

cy. Bn cnh ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho, Cng ty cn nhn c cc kin tham

vn ca U ban nhn dn v U ban Mt trn T quc cp phng ti a im thc hin d

n nn nh gi cc tc ng nu trong bo co p ng c yu cu thc t ca a

phng.

Bo co TM ny s l cng c c hiu lc cho vic gim thiu hoc khc phc hu

qa tiu cc do d n gy ra, ng thi l mt cng c S Ti nguyn v Mi trng

thnh ph Nng qun l v bo v mi trng.

Tuy nhin, c nhng nh gi do cn thiu d liu, s liu hoc c nhng chui s liu

cha di, cha i din cho quy lut v hin trng mi trng ti khu vc nn nhng nh

gi ny c mc chi tit cha cao, c th nh sau:

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V hin trng mi trng ti khu vc:

Cc s liu quan trc tuy c tin cy nhng chui s liu cha di, ch trong mt

thi gian nht nh nn ch mi nh gi ng vo thi im quan trc ch cha phn nh

ng v cht lng mi trng ti khu vc. Do , vi c s d liu thu thp c lcha iu kin cho vic nh gi cht lng mi trng ti khu vc cho nn vic nh

gi ny c mc chi tit v tin cy cha cao.

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CHNG 4

BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU,

PHNG NGA V NG PH S C MI TRNG

4.1. I VI CC TC NG XU

4.1.1. Bin php gim thiu tc ng xu trong giai on thi cng xy dng

hn ch cc tc ng trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh,

chng ti thc hin mt s bin php sau:

4.1.1.1. Bin php qun l Lp k hoch, tin , t chc thi cng hp l, cng trnh c xy dng nhanh, hon

thnh sm (d kin vo gia nm 2011 s a vo hot ng)

Quy nh c th thi gian lm vic trong ngy, khng vn hnh cc phng tin, my

mc thit b vo bui tra v ban m.

Phng tin tham gia vn ti phi c giy ng kim, phi t cc

dtm can ho the summit

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