dsm 2000 lecture

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Chapter 2 Lecture

My Health: An Outcomes ApproachFirst Edition

Psychological

HealthKIN 1600

Fall 2013D. Dailey, MS

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2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Module 2.1 Learning Outcomes:

* Identify basic characteristics shared by

psychologically healthy people.

* Identify each level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

What Is Psychological Health? Module 2.1

Psycho log ical heal this the sum of howwe think, feel, relate, and exist in our day-

to day-lives.

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Psychologically Healthy People

Feel good about themselves.

Feel comfortable and express respect and

compassion toward others.

Control tension and anxiety.

Meet the demands of life.

Curb hate and guilt.

Maintain a positive outlook. Value diversity.

Appreciate and respect nature.

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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

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According to Maslow's theory, a person'sneeds must be met at each of these levels

before that person can be truly healthy;

failure to meet any of the lower levels of

needs will interfere with the ability to address

upper-level needs.


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Check Yourself 2.2

What are the basic characteristics sharedby psychologically healthy people?

At which level of Maslow's hierarchy ofneeds do you face the most challenges?

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Dimensions of Psychological Health

Module 2.2

Psychological health includes mental,emotional, and spiritual dimensions.

Module 2.2 Learning Outcomes:* List and define each dimension of psychological

health.

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Dimensions of Psychological Health

Mental health :the rational or "thinking"

dimension of our health

Emo tional heal th:the "feeling" side of

psychological health

Soc ial health:includes a person's interactionswith others on an individual and group basis.

Spir i tual health :refers to the sense of

belonging to something greater than the physicalor personal dimensions of existence.

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Social support includes being cared for andloved being esteemed and valued, sharing

companionship and having a sense of

belonging, have having access to information,

advice, community services, and guidance.


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Check Yourself 2.2

What are the dimensions of psychologicalhealth?

How do you assess your psychologicalhealth in each of the dimensions

discussed here?

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Factors that Influence Psychological Health:

Module 2.3

Psychological health can be influenced bymultiple environmental factors, including

family, social supports, and community.


* Describe factors that affect your psychological

health.

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Factors Influencing Psychological Health

Family

Social supports

Community

Self-efficacy and self-esteem

Self-efficacy refers to a person's belief in ability to successfully

engage in and execute a behavior. Self-esteem refers to one's

sense of self-respect or self-worth.

Personality

Emotional control and maturity

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Check Yourself 2.3

What are four factors that affect yourpsychological health?

Give an example of the interrelationshipamong the various factors that affect

psychological health.

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The Mind-Body Connection: Module 2.4

Scientists have found that happiness andrelated mental states can have a profound

impact on the body.


* Describe the interaction between psychological

well-being and health.

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The Mind-Body Connection

Psychoneuro immunologyis the study ofhow the brain and behavior affect the

body's immune system.

Those with high levels of subject ive wel l-

beingare resilient, positive, and less likely

to fall into despair over setbacks.

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Some traits relating to psychological wellbeing are extroversion, agreeableness,

openness to experience, emotional stability,

conscientiousness, and resiliency.


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Check Yourself 2.4

How does a person's psychological stateaffect his or her health?

Give an example in which your emotionalstate affected your health.

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Strategies to Enhance Psychological Health:

Module 2.5

Module 2.5 Learning Outcomes:* Describe behavior changestrategies to improve

psychological health.

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Strategies to Enhance Psychological Health

Find a support group.

Complete required tasks.

Form realistic expectations.

Make time for you. Maintain physical health.

Examine problems and seek health when

necessary. Get adequate sleep.

C f

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Check Yourself 2.5

Give examples of four ways to enhancepsychological health. Which of these

strategies do you think would be the most

effective for you?

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ABC N Vid Th St d f H

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ABC News Video: The Study of Happy

Brains

Discussion Questions

1. Do you agree that life experiencesaccount for only 10 percent of one's total

happiness? Why or why not?

2. What do you do to make yourself happy?3. In what ways can you work to increase

your happiness level every day?

Wh t I S i it l H lth?
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What Is Spiritual Health?

Elements of Spir i tual i ty

Relationships

Values

Meaningful purpose in life

Contr ibut ion s to Health

Improved immunity,

cardiovascular function

and physiological changes

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A survey of more than 35,000 Americans

revealed that 92% believed in some kind of

higher power, but not all of these identified

themselves as being affiliated with a particular

religion.


Ch k Y lf 2 6

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Check Yourself 2.6

What are some components of spiritualityand spiritual intelligence?

List three benefits of spiritual health.

St t i f C lti ti S i it l H lth

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Strategies for Cultivating Spiritual Health:

Module 2.7

Module 2.7 Learning Outcomes:* Describe several strategies

for improvingspiritual health.

St t i f C lti ti S i it l H lth

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Strategies for Cultivating Spiritual Health

Train your body.

Expand your mind.

Tune in to yourself and your surroundings.

Reach out to others.

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Check Yourself 2.7

How do physical, mental, andcontemplative strategies affect spiritual

health?

What are some of the benefits of including

spiritual health among the dimensions of

health?

When Ps chological Health Deteriorates

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When Psychological Health Deteriorates:

Module 2.8

Stress, anxiety, loneliness, and othertraumatic events can derail our coping

resources.


* Define mental illness and discuss its prevalence.

When Psychological Health Deteriorates

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When Psychological Health Deteriorates

Mental i l lnessesare disorders that disrupt

thinking, feelings, moods, and behaviors.

Approximately 57.7 million people suffer from a

diagnosable mental disorder in a given year.

Mental disorders are the leading cause of

disability in the United States and Canada forpeople age 15 to 44.

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Check Yourself 2.8

What is mental illness?

Is mental illness more or less common

than you expected?

Anxiety Disorders: Module 2 9

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Anxiety Disorders: Module 2.9

Anxiety disorders are the number-onemental health problem in the United

States, affecting 18 percent of all adults.


* Describe common anxiety disorders, including

causes and treatments.

Common Anxiety Disorders

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Common Anxiety Disorders

Generalized anxiety disorder Phobias

Social phobia

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Causes Biology, environment, social and cultural roles

ABC News Video: Keeping Obsessive

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ABC News Video: Keeping Obsessive-

Compulsive Disorder In Check

Discussion Questions

1. Fay says that deep down she knows a doorknob does

not pose a risk. Then why do you think she still fights

the urge to use hand sanitizer every time she opens a

door?

2. What is "exposure" therapy and how does it work? Dr.

Jonathan Grayson took Fay and a group of people on a

virtual camping trip in the video. In what ways do you

think this experience helped the participants with theirOCD tendencies?

3. What are the benefits for someone with OCD who

attends workshops and lectures at a convention like the

one the OCD Foundation holds annually?

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Check Yourself 2.9

What are the most common anxiety

disorders?

What are the causes and treatments for

anxiety disorders?

Mood Disorders: Module 2 10

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Mood Disorders: Module 2.10

Chronic mood disordersare disorders

affecting one's emotional state.

Module 2.10 Learning Outcomes:* Describe common mood disorders, including

causes and treatments.

Common Mood Disorders

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Common Mood Disorders

Major depressionis the most common

mood disorder, affecting about 7 percent

of the U.S. population.

Dysthym ic disorderis chronic, mild

depression.

B ipolar diso rderis associated with

severe mood swings.

Seasonal affect ive diso rder (SAD)is

associated with reduced exposure to

sunlight.

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Check Yourself 2.10

What are the most common mood

disorders?

What are the causes and treatments for

mood disorders?

Other Psychological Disorders:

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Other Psychological Disorders:

Module 2.11


* Describe personality disorders, schizophrenia,

and ADHD, including causes and treatments.

Other Psychological Disorders

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Other Psychological Disorders

Personal i ty diso rdersare patterns of behavior and inner

experience that deviate markedly from the individual's culture. Personality disorders include paranoid personality disorder,

narcissistic personality disorder, and borderline personality

disorder.

Schizophreniais characterized by alterations of the senses,

and is a biological disease.

Attent io n-def ic i t /hyperact iv i ty d isorder (ADHD)is a

neurobehavioral disorder associated with hyperactivity or

distraction.

ABC News Video: The Hoarders

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ABC News Video: The Hoarders

Discussion Questions1. Why might a person develop a hoarding compulsion?

Give several reasons.

2. Some hoarders do not believe that they have a

debilitating problem or that hoarding is such a problem.What does this say about the psychological mindset of

a hoarder? Why do you think that simply "cleaning up

the mess" is more difficult for a hoarder?

3. What are the consequences of being a hoarder? Howdoes being a hoarder affect the hoarder and those

around him or her negatively?

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Check Yourself 2.11

What are the causes and treatments for personality disorders,

schizophrenia, and ADHD? Personality disorder is an enduring pattern of inner

experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the

expectation of the individual's culture and is persuasive

and inflexible

Schizophrenia-characterized by the inability to sort out

incoming stimuli and make appropriate responses; an

altered sense of self; and radical changes in emotions,

movements, and behaviors

ADHD-are often hyperactive or distracted

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Psychological Health Through the Lifespan:

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Psychological Health Through the Lifespan:

Successful Aging

The term dement iais used to describe

either reversible symptoms or progressive

forms of brain malfunctioning.

Bereavementis the loss or deprivation

experienced when a loved one dies.

Griefoccurs in reaction to significant loss.

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Some older people do suffer from mental and

emotional disturbances. Depression is the

most common psychological problem facing

older adults.


Check Yourself 2 12

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Check Yourself 2.12

What are three particular psychological

issues associated with aging?

When Psychological Problems Become Too

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When Psychological Problems Become Too

Much: Suicide: Module 2.13

Suicide is the second leading cause of

death on college campuses.

Module 2.13 Learning Outcomes:* Identify warning signs associated with suicide.

* Discuss strategies for suicide prevention.

Warning Signs

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Warning Signs

Recent loss and inability to let go of grief

History of depression

Change in personality

Sexual dysfunction

Expressions of self-hatred/excessive risk-taking

Change in sleep, eating habits, or appearance

Direct or indirect statements

Final preparations (wills, giving awaypossessions)

Preoccupation with death

Preventing Suicide

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Preventing Suicide

Monitor signals.

Take threats seriously.

Let the person know how much you care.

Listen.

Ask directly.

Don't belittle feelings.

Help think about alternatives.

Tell your friend's spouse, partner, siblingsor counselor.

Check Yourself 2.13

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Check Yourself 2.13

What are five warning signs that someone

may be contemplating suicide?

What are five specific actions you can take

to prevent suicide?

Seeking Professional Help: Module 2.14

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Seeking Professional Help: Module 2.14


* Recognize feelings and behaviors that may

warrant seeking help from a mental health

professional.

* Describe possible treatment options for

psychological problems.

Seeking Professional Help

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Seeking Professional Help

Evaluat ion fo r treatmentshould include

a physical checkup, psychiatric history,

and mental status examination.

Pharmacological treatment

What to expect in therapy Treatment models: behavioral therapy,

cognitive therapy, drug therapy

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