druschke mesm presentation 021315 · [email protected] • introduction to you (brief) • introduction...
TRANSCRIPT
MESM SeminarFebruary 13, 2015
Caroline Gottschalk DruschkeDepartments of Natural Resources Science
and Writing & RhetoricUniversity of Rhode Island
• Introduction to you (brief)
• Introduction to me (less brief)
• Rhetoric and audience lesson
• Brainstorming for major paper
What we’ll do today:
• Introduction to you (brief)
• Introduction to me (less brief)
• Rhetoric and audience lesson
• Brainstorming for major paper
What we’ll do today:
• Introduction to you (brief)
• Introduction to me (less brief)
• Rhetoric and audience lesson
• Brainstorming for major paper
What we’ll do today:
? ? ?
Natural and built environment/place
Ecology
Rhetoric
- Water resources
- Public engagement
- Science communication
- Theory <-> practice
- Multidisciplinary collaboration
- Water resources
- Public engagement
- Science communication
- Theory <-> practice
- Multidisciplinary collaboration
Watershed based conservation
outreach
Commercial fishing and migratory fish
passage
Wetlands restoration
Science communication of
coastal storm impacts
quantitative
qualitative transdisciplinary
community-based
collaborative
funded
“What are the responses of marine life to climate change?”
“How can the answers best be communicated to the public?”
18 face‐to‐face open ended interviews
18 face‐to‐face open ended interviews
TranscriptionTranscription
Rhetorical analysis of transcripts
Rhetorical analysis of transcripts
Commercial fishing and climate
Barriers and Opportunities to Wetlands Restoration
Public engagement with migratory fish passage
Science communication post-Hurricane Sandy
The bottom line:
• Rhetoric is about interconnected systems.
• Ecology is about interconnected systems.
• Rhetoric (/people/language) tells you something about the wider system(s) that you’ll be practicing in.
GCH 103, The Social-Ecology of Rivers
WRT 304, Writing for Community Service
WRT 334, Science Writing
WRT 385, Field Experience in Writing Rhode Island
NRS 397, Natural Resources Science Internship
WRT 533, Graduate Writing in the Life Sciences
NRS 543, Public Engagement with Science
Email me:[email protected]
• Introduction to you (brief)
• Introduction to me (less brief)
• Rhetoric and audience lesson
• Brainstorming for major paper
What we’ll do today:
What is rhetoric?
What is rhetoric?
• Aristotle: “The faculty of discovering in any particular case all of the available means of persuasion.”
What is rhetoric?
• Aristotle: “The faculty of discovering in any particular case all of the available means of persuasion.”
• A way to determine the most accurate, useful, valuable opinions
What is rhetoric?
• Aristotle: “The faculty of discovering in any particular case all of the available means of persuasion.”
• A way to determine the most accurate, useful, valuable opinions
• Both a critical and constructive art
What is rhetoric?
• Lunsford: “Rhetoric is the art, practice, and study of human communication.”
• Richards: “Rhetoric is the study of misunderstandings and their remedies.”
• Burke: “The use of language as a symbolic means of inducing cooperation in beings that by nature respond to symbols.”
• Bitzer: “Rhetoric is a mode of altering reality, not by the direct application of energy to objects, but by the creation of discourse which changes reality through the mediation of thought and action.”
• Hauser: “Rhetoric is an instrumental use of language…. One person engages another person in an exchange of symbols to accomplish some goal. It is not communication for communication's sake. Rhetoric is communication that attempts to coordinate social action. For this reason, rhetorical communication is explicitly pragmatic. Its goal is to influence human choices on specific matters that require immediate attention.”
What is rhetoric?
What was?
Forensic (past)
What is?
Epideictic (present)
What should be?
Deliberative (future)
What is rhetoric?
What was?
Forensic (past)
What is?
Epideictic (present)
What should be?
Deliberative (future)
Rhetoric: Using language effectively to persuade, inform, educate, or entertain
Rhetorical Situation: The circumstances in which you communicate.
The rhetorical situation.
The rhetorical situation
The rhetorical triangle.
• Who is your audience?• What is your purpose?• Who are you to speak?
The rhetorical appeals.
Source: tweakyourslides.wordpress.com
Practicing with audience.
• Explain the NCAA tournament to:
– Your two year old son
Practicing with audience.
• Explain the NCAA tournament to:
– Your friend who doesn’t know much about basketball
Practicing with audience.
• Explain the NCAA tournament to:
– Michael Jordan
Major paper.
• Explain your research interests toDr. August!
Major paper.
• Explain the topic of your major paper to me!
Major paper.
• Explain the topic of your major paper to your grandma!
A note about communicating science.
“The deficit model is asymmetrical: it depicts communication as a one-way flow from science to its publics. Its practitioners do not try to persuade; they assume that
the public is already persuaded of the value of science. They do not try to build trust; they assume that the public is already
trusting. The deficit model implies a passive public: it requires a rhetoric that acts to accommodate the facts and methods of
science to the public's limited experience and cognitive capacities. The goal is better
appreciation of science; the genre is epideictic. In this model, in accord with the
prevailing ideology of science, communication is solely cognitive:
knowledge alone is transferred; ethical and political concerns are ruled out as
irrelevant. The preferred methods of scholars of the deficit model - surveys of
the public, content analyses of the media -assume the model's central focus: the state of science, not the situation of the public.”
“The contextual model is symmetrical: it depicts communication as a two-way flow
between science and its publics. Its practitioners do not assume that the public
is already persuaded of the value of science. They try to build trust; they do not assume that the public is already trusting.
The contextual model implies an active public: it requires a rhetoric reconstruction in which public understanding is the joint creation of scientific and local knowledge.
The goal is a better integration of the needs of science and its publics; the genre is
deliberative. In this model, communication is not solely cognitive; ethical and political
concerns are always relevant. The preferred method of the scholars of the contextual model - the analysis of case studies - assumes the model's central focus: not the state of science, but the
situation of the public.”
DEFICIT MODEL CONTEXTUAL MODELA.G. Gross (1994),
“The roles of rhetoric in the public
understanding of science”
A note about communicating science.
• Contextualize your work!
– Depict communication as a two-way flow between science and its publics.
– Don’t assume your audience is already persuaded of science’s value.
– Build trust.– Integrate the needs of science and its publics.
• Introduction to you (brief)
• Introduction to me (less brief)
• Rhetoric and audience lesson
• Brainstorming for major paper
What we’ll do today:
MESM Major Paper
All MESM students must know:
• Who is the audience for the Major Paper?
• What is the goal of the Major Paper? What do you want the reader to learn from your work?
Your Major Paper should answer a question or provide information to an audience who will use the document for environmental management or decision making.
• Have a clear vision for the goal of the paper.
• Know your audience for your Major Paper.
• With your mentor/URI faculty member, develop a presentation format for the Major Paper that is most useful for the intended audience.
Freewriting (5/5/5/5)
Discuss in small groups
Concept mapping
Concept mapping #2
Main issueMain issue
EthosEthos
PathosPathos
LogosLogos
KairosKairos
Main issueMain issue
AudienceAudience
SpeakerSpeaker
TextText
ConsequenceConsequence
Brainstorming.
• MESM Major Papers need to have an AUDIENCE and a GOAL (what rhetoricians call a consequence).
• What is your topic? Who is your audience? What is your goal?
• What do you know about your audience? What else do you need to know? Do they already care about your issue? How will you get them to care? Does your audience even realize there is a problem to be solved? Who else has tried to solve this problem and how?
Discuss in small groups
