THE DRUK WHITE LOTUS SCHOOL LEH,LADAKH

ANSHIKA TEJPAL, SHAHNOOR ABBASI 2nd YEARSHRI RAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

LADAKHConstitutes the eastern-most past of the state of jammu & Kashmir Area: 97,000 sq. km Out of which nearly 38000 sq. km are under Chinese occupation since 1962Population- 2,70,126Average altitude-12000 feet(3659) one of the hieghest places on earth described as the roof of the world Includes the karakoram range and the upper indus river valley It hardly rains here because of the lofty surrounding mountain rangesAverage temperature in the summer season ;- 3 deg. C TO 30 deg. CAverage temperature in the winter season :- 20 deg.C to 15 deg C

CLIMATE OF LADAKH

The desert type of climate is typical of Ladakh with dry winds blowing throughout the day and summers being hot and humid.you will face the cold desert climate, especially from October to March. In winters the temperatures are extreme in Leh, dipping below freezing point. However, winter days are sunny and bright. The lowest winter temperature recorded in Leh is around minus 23 degree Celsius.

Temperature variations :-Summer midday :- 17 to 24 deg.CSummer night :- 4 to 11 deg.CWinter midday :- -7 to -8 deg. CWinter night :- -14 to -0 deg, C

CLIMATE CHART OF LADAKH

Project DescriptionType Urban planning design strategy Landscape design Interior design Industrial/product designMission Increase awareness of the environment and/address climate change Respond to our growing need for clean water,power,shelter,healthcare,education

Details: project location: shey,ladakh,in northen india

ARCHITECT: Jonathan Rose

Project phase: complete

Client: the people of ladakh

User client: infants and children

DESCRIPTIONThe DRUK WHITE LOTUS SCHOOL is located in shey,ladakh,in northen india. The master plan and school buildings ,designed by architect and engineers,combine local building techniques and material with leading edge environmental design to make them effective in the extreme climate. Sustainable design example include ventilation-improved pit latrines,passive solar heating, a gravity feed water system and seismic safety designs.

PARAMETERSClimatic context cold and dry zone Temperature Wide diurnal and seasonal fluctuations in temperature with -30 C in winter and +35 C in summer PrecipitationVery low with annual precipitation of 10 cm mainly in the form of snow Air Very dry Relative humidity Ranges from 10%-50%

DESIGN CRITERIA AND FEATURES

URBAN PLANNING OLD LEH

The old town is located on the southern slope of the mountain terrain allowing the sattelment to face the sun.The newer parts are extending in the plans in the south west directionThe hieghest point of the leh town os occupied by the Tsemo Gompa followed down the slope by leh palace and then the houses of nobalsThe lower part of the sattelment is occupied by commoners and then the main market

SOLAR RADIATIONDue to high altitude and low humidity the radiation level is very high. The global solar radiation is as high as 6-7 kwh/mm (which is among the highest in the world)DUST STORMS very common in the afternoon SKY Fairly clear the year with cloud cover less than 50%SOIL Thin, sandy and porous VEGETATION Devoid of any natural vegetation IRRIGATION Mainly through channels from the glacier-meltod snow

PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING

Ladakh is hot in summer and very cold in winter. But even in winter, there is often intense sunlight and the teaching spaces heat quickly thanks to their optimal 30 deg. South-east orientation,combined with fully glazed solar facades that gather the sun’s energy and store heat in high thermal mass walls.

The residences are oriented due south,and use trombe walls,which are coated externally with dark,heat absorbing material and are faced with a double layer of glass. Heat is stored in the wall and conducted inward to the dormitories at night-time

ENERGY The school aims to manage the electricity demand within the

constrains of solar energy As the school expands and electricity demand increase, they will

need to increase installed capacity of both photovoltaic panels and inverters.

Around half of the initial investment in solar energy was co-financed by carbon_offset funds

PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FROM SUNLIGHT,

VIP LATRINE UNDER CONSTRUCTION WITH METAL CLADDING BEING PAINTED BLACK TO ABSORB HEAT AND CAUSE FUMES TO RISE

Ventilation Improved Pit LatrinesTraditional dry latrines have been enhanced to ‘VIP latrines’. These eliminate fly and odour problems and – most importantly in a desert environment - do not require water. A double chamber system with an integrated solar flue allows their operation as composting toilets and produces humus that can be used as fertiliser.

The design of the toilet System at Druk is simple and effective.  A minor adaptation to the traditional style is an innovative solution to remove smells.  A large sheet of steel (2-3mm thick) forms the back wall to the composting space, this is painted black to heat the air behind creating an updraft.  As the cold air from the bottom of the compost pit rises it draws the smells up and out of horizontal vents at roof level

TECHNIQUES USED IN SCHOOL

In this building the palette of local materials and traditional building techniques. Solid granite blocks have been used for the outer wall, and mud blocks for the inner walls to form a cavity wall for significantly improved insulation and high durability. The roof is of a traditional Ladakhi mud construction, including poplar and willow from local monastery plantations, and provides good protection from the cold. By supporting the heavy roof on a structure that is independent of the walls, Arup’s design team made sure that the school was built to the Indian seismic code. Classrooms face the morning sun to make the most of natural light and heat and incorporate ‘trombe’ wall technology. We spent some time sitting within one of the classroom spaces observing the quality of the learning environment – and the flexibility of the space.

TROMBE WALLS THAT ABSORB THE SUN’S ENERGY DURING THE DAYTIME TO WARM THE DORMITERIES AT NIGHT.SOUTH FACING RESIDENCES WITH ANTI-SEISMIC CROSS BRACING AND TROMBE WALLS

TROMBE WALLS

A trombe wall is a sun-facing wall seprated from the outdoors by glass and air space, which absorbs solar energy and reising air pulls in cooler airleases it selectively towards the interior at night.

The simplest form of trombe wall consists of a glass pane held against a wall with the inner room are two vents, one at the top and one at the bottom of the air space.

During the day the sun heats first the air in this space, then the solid wall behind.once the air is heated it rises and enters into the room, giving it additional heat. Also the rising air pulls in cooler air from the room below to then be heated. But for sometime after the sun goes down the now hot wall will still keep heating air and exchanging that heat into the room.

Seismic Design and SafetyThe school is located in an area of considerable seismic activity and the methods used to ensure improved safety in the event of an earthquake needed to be easy to emulate for future structures. Druk White Lotus building structures use timber frames to resist seismic loads and ensure life safety in the event of an earthquake. The timber frames are independent of the walls, and steel connections and cross-bracing provide earthquake stability.

ARCHITECTURE SPATIAL LAYOUT :-

MOSTLY BUILDINGS ARE 2 STORIED.

LARGE HOUSES HAVE COURTYARD WHILE SMALL HOUSES DO NOT HAVE.

THE GROUND FLOOR IS USUALLY A DWARF STOREY FOR KEEPING LIVE STOCK,STORAGE PURPOSE AND ALSO TO COLLECT WASTE.

UPPER STOREY IS USED FOR LIVING PURPOSES USUALLY CONSISTS OF PRAYER ROOM COMBINING FUNCTION OF DRAWING, KITCHEN, BEDROOM.

THE TIMBER POST IS CHARECTERSTICS OF ARCHITECTURE OF LADAKH THE MAIN LIVING ROOM HAS A LARGE WINDOW FACING SUN

THANK UUU