Drugs/Addiction

Mrs. Gennaro

Prescription Medicine Prescription Medicine- Medicines that

are dispensed only with the written approval of a licensed physician or nurse-practitioner. Pharmacist dispenses these medicine.

Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines- Medicines you can buy without a doctor’s prescription. These medications can be used to make

highly addictive, illegal drugs.

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Prescription Medicine Medicine Misuse- Using a medicine in ways

other than the intended use Failing to follow instructions on or in the package Giving a prescription to a person for whom it was

not prescribed (taking another person’s medicine)

Taking too much or too little Taking medicine for longer or shorter period

than prescribed or recommended Mixing medicines without the knowledge or

approval of your doctor

Prescription Medicine Medicine Abuse- Intentionally taking

medications for non-medical reasons. To lose weight or stay awake while

studying To fit in with peers (Pill parties) Taking medicine that is prescribed to

someone else Drug overdose- A strong sometimes

fatal reaction to taking a large amount of a drug.

Tobacco

Mrs. Gennaro

Nicotine/Carcinogen Addictive Drug- Substance that causes

physiological or psychological dependence. Nicotine- Addictive drug found in tobacco

leaves Stimulant- Drug that increases the action of

the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs. Nicotine is a stimulant

It raises blood pressure and increases the heart rate

Tobacco

Tobacco is an addictive and toxic drug. It’s a Carcinogen- A cancer-causing

substance.

What’s in tobacco smoke?

Tar- Thick, sticky, dark fluid, produced when tobacco burns. Tar damages a smoker’s respiratory

system by paralyzing and destroying cilia, the tiny hair like structures that line the upper airways and protect the body against infection

Tar also destroys the alveoli or air sacs, which absorb oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide.

What’s in tobacco smoke?

Carbon Monoxide- Colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas Carbon monoxide deprives the body’s

tissues and cells of oxygen. Carbon monoxide increases the risk of:

High blood pressure Heart disease Hardening of the arteries Other circulatory problems

What’s in a cigarette?

Other than cigarettes

Cigars- Contain significantly more nicotine and produce more tar and carbon monoxide than cigarettes. One cigar contains as much nicotine as

an entire pack of 20 cigarettes. Pipe and cigar smokers also increase the

risk of developing cancers of the lips, mouth, throat, larynx, lungs, and esophagus.

Smokeless Tobacco? Smokeless Tobacco- Tobacco that is sniffed

through the nose, held in the mouth, or chewed. Smokeless (spit) tobacco products are not a safe

alternative to smoking Nicotine and carcinogens in these products are

absorbed into the blood through the mucous membranes in the mouth or the digestive track

The harmful chemicals of smokeless tobacco are absorbed into the body at levels up to 3 times longer than that of a smoked cigarette.

Leukoplakia- Thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the mouth that can deelop into oral cancer.

Effects of Tobacco Use Short-Term Effects-

Brain chemistry changes- Nicotine causes the body to crave more of the drug. May experience withdrawal symptoms (headaches, nervousness, and trembling)

Respiration and heart rate increase- Breathing during physical activity becomes difficult and endurance is decreased (may cause irregular heart rate)

Taste buds dulled/ appetite reduced- Lose much ability to enjoy foods

Bad breath, yellowed teeth, smelly hair, skin and clothes- Continuous tobacco use leads to permanent unattractive effects

Effects of Tobacco Use Long-Term Effects- Overtime tobacco use

can cause damage to may body systems*People who are exposed to others who smoke can

also suffer many health problems* Chronic Bronchitis- Occurs when the cilia in the

bronchi become so damaged they are useless (tar builds up in the lungs causing chronic coughing and excessive mucus secretion

Emphysema- Disease that destroys the tiny air sacs in the lungs. The air sacs become less elastic, making it more difficult for the lungs to absorb oxygen A person with emphysema uses up to 80% of

there energy just to breathe

More Long-Term Effects Lung Cancer- Develops when the cilia in the bronchi

are destroyed. Cancerous cells can multiply, block the bronchi, and move to the lungs. Nearly 90% of lung cancer deaths are caused by

smoking Coronary heart disease and stroke- Caused by

nicotine. Nicotine constricts blood vessels (cuts down on

blood flow to limbs) Nicotine also contributes to plaque build up in the

blood vessels, which can lead to hardened arteries called Arteriosclerosis

Weakened Immune system- Long-term tobacco use makes the body more vulnerable to disease.

Other Drug Categories Psychoactive Drugs- Alter perception, thought, and mood-

Could create illusions in the mind Some consequences:

Side effects Overdoes Aids and hepatitis Stillborn Children

Depressants- Slows down the heart and breathing rates, lowers blood pressure, relaxes muscles, and relieves tension Types:

Alcohol Tranquilizers Narcotics- (Opium, codeine, or morphine)

Other Drug Categories Stimulants- Increases heart rate, blood pressure, and

breathing rates. Types:

Amphetamines Cocaine Crack

(Gives a feeling of excitement and being alert) Hallucinogens- Alerts perception, thought and mood

Types: LSD PCP Marijuana

Inhalants- Enter the blood stream directly from the lungs Major damages to the kidneys, liver, bone marrow, and brain

Alcohol

Mrs. Gennaro

Facts about Alcohol

Ethanol- The type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages. Powerful and additive drug

Fermentation- Chemical action of yeast on sugars

Effects of Alcohol Consumption Alcohol is a Depressant (even though the

initial reaction of alcohol tries to mask its true effects)

Intoxication- The state in which the body is poisoned by alcohol or another substance and the person’s physical and mental control is significantly reduced.

Alcohol Abuse- Excessive use of alcohol

Depressants

Slow down the heart and breathing rates.

Lowers blood pressure Relaxes muscles and relieves tension

Some other depressants Tranquilizers Narcotics (opium, codeine, or morphine)

Overview Problems associated with alcohol

Confusion Decreased Alertness Poor Coordination Blurred Vision Drowsiness Blackouts Death

Problems associated with alcohol (in the body) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Addiction/Alcoholism Liver damage (cirrhosis and hepatitis)

Driving Under the Influence

Blood alcohol concentration (BAC)- Amount of alcohol in a person’s blood, expressed as a percentage.

DUI or DWI DUI-Driving Under the Influence Driving While Intoxicated

Blood Alcohol Concentration Levels

Body weight in pounds

Drinks per hour

100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240

1 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02

2 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04

3 0.14 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06

Blood Alcohol Concentration Calculation

Hour 1 2

Number of Drinks 2 1

BAC at start of hour A. 0.00 E. 0.06

BAC from table B. 0.08 0.04

BAC (Start+Table) C. 0.08 F. 0.10

Alcohol processed D. -0.02 -0.02

BAC at end of hour E. 0.06 G. 0.08

*A subtraction of 0.02 is made because that is the body breaking down some of the alcohol.* For ages 18-22 a blood alcohol level of .02 is considered illegal.* A blood alcohol level of .08 and above is considered the illegal.

Questions to talk about together

Why do you think some teens experiment with alcohol even though underage drinking is illegal and unsafe?

What can adults do to discourage drinking among teens?

What responsibility do you think teens have to discourage their friends from drinking? Their Classmates? Other teens who they might not even know?

What Influences Alcohol Use

Peer Pressure Family Media Messages

Alcohol and the Law

If under 21 it is illegal to Buy Possess Consume

Teens who break the law can be Arrested Fined Sentenced to a youth detention cetner

Alcohol and violence

Teens who drink alcohol are more likely to be victims or perpetrators of: Violent Crimes (Rape) Aggravated Assault Robbery

They are also more likely to be involved in fights, resulting in school or police attention

Short-term Effects of Drinking

Consequences Consequences of DUI or DWI-

Harm to the driver and others Severely restricted driving privileges and/or

immediate confiscation of driver’s license Alcohol-related injuries, property damage, and death Living with regret and remorse from these

consequences Loss of parental trust and respect Arrest, jail time, court appearance, and a heavy fine

or bail A police record and possible lawsuits Higher insurance rates- Up to 3 times higher than

those for non-drinking peers

Alcohol and Sexual Activity

Alcohol use and sexual activity are a dangerous mixture.

Alcohol impairs judgment and lowers inhibitions and compromises moral standards

Alcohol

Binge Drinking- Drinking 5 or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting Sometimes done on a bet or dare

Alcohol Poisoning- Sever and potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol overdose

Effects of Alcohol Poisoning Symptoms that indicate alcohol

poisoning include Mental confusion, coma, inability to be

roused, vomiting, and seizures Slow respiration-10 seconds between

breaths or fewer than 8 breaths a minute Irregular heartbeat Hypothermia or low body temperature-

pale or bluish skin color Sever dehydration from vomiting

Alcohol

Alcoholism- A disease in which a person has a physical or psychological dependence on drinking that contain alcohol.

Alcoholic- An addict who is dependent on alcohol

Stages of Alcoholism Stage 1- Abuse

Alcoholism may begin with social drinking. A physical and psychological dependence develops. (Person may experience memory loss and blackouts and may begin to lie or make excuses to justify his or her drinking.

Stage 2-Dependense The person cannot stop drinking and is physically

dependent on alcohol. Drinker tries to hide the problem, but performance on the job, at school, and at home suffers.

Stage 3- Addiction Final stage of alcoholism. The liver may be already

damaged, and so less alcohol may be required to cause drunkenness. (If the alcoholic stopped drinking, he or she would experience severe withdrawal symptoms.

Steps to Recovery Step 1- Admission

Person admits to having a drinking problem and asks for help.

Step 2- Detoxification Person goes through detoxification, a process in

which the body adjusts to functioning without alcohol. Step 3- Counseling

Person receives counseling to help him or her learn to change behaviors and live without alcohol.

Step 4- Recovery Person takes responsibility for his or her own life.

Drinking while pregnant Drinking during the first few weeks of

pregnancy can be especially harmful to a baby’s central nervous system.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)- A group of alcohol-related birth defects that include physical and mental problems

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome are both severe and lasting.

Alcoholics might display Craving- A strong need to drink Loss of control- Cannot limit drinking Physical dependence- May experience

withdrawal symptoms- nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety

Tolerance- Alcohol amount increases to feel its effects

Health, family, and legal problems- driving citations increase, arguments increase, poor relationships with family

Examples of Anti-Drinking:

Where to get help for Alcohol Abuse