drugepi 5-1 introduction to policy lessons module 5 overview context content area: policy decisions...
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DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
Module 5 OverviewContext
Content Area: Policy Decisions about Drug Use/Abuse Issues
Essential Question (Generic): What should be done when preventable causes of disease are found?
Essential Question (Drug Abuse Specific): What should be done when preventable causes of drug abuse are found?
Enduring Epidemiological Understanding: Policy decisions are based on more than the scientific evidence. Because of competing values - social, economic, ethical, environmental, cultural, and political factors may also be considered.
Synopsis:
In Module 5, students explore specific drug policy questions and become aware of the factors that influence their own and others' positions on those questions.
Lessons:
Lesson 5-1: Individual and Societal Decision Making
Lesson 5-2: Drug Policy Question - Should needle exchange programs be implemented?
Lesson 5-3: Drug Policy Question - Should high school students be drug tested?
Lesson 5-4: Drug Policy Question - Should D.A.R.E. be taught in all schools?
Lesson 5-5: Drug Policy Question - Should marijuana be legal for medical purposes?
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
Module 5 - Policy Decisions about Drug Use/Abuse
Lesson 5-1 Individual and Societal Decision Making
Content
• How scientific literacy is connected to individual and societal decision-making
• Definitions and discussion about policy, risk perception and the acceptability or unacceptability of risk
Big Ideas
• In a democratic society, a scientifically literate population is better able to make informed decisions about issues of public health
• Societal decisions about acceptability versus unacceptability of risk often consider other factors besides the actual magnitude of that risk
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
Essential Questions Enduring Understandings
1. How is this disease distributed?
Health-related conditions and behaviors are not distributed uniformly in a population. They have unique distributions that can be described by how they are distributed in terms of person, place, and time.
2. What hypotheses might explain the distribution of disease?
Clues for formulating hypotheses can be found by observing the way a health-related condition or behavior is distributed in a population.
3. Is there an association between the hypothesized cause and the disease?
Causal hypotheses can be tested by observing exposures and diseases of people as they go about their daily lives. Information from these observational studies can be used to make and compare rates and identify associations.
4. Is the association causal?
Causation is only one explanation for an association between an exposure and a disease. Because observational studies are complicated by factors not controlled by the observer, other explanations also must be considered.
5. What should be done when preventable causes of disease are found?
Policy decisions are based on more than the scientific evidence. Because of competing values - social, economic, ethical, environmental, cultural, and political factors may also be considered.
Where are we?
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
Enduring Understanding
Policy decisions are based on more than the scientific evidence.
Because of competing values – social, economic, ethical, environmental, cultural,
and political factors may also be considered.
Individual and Societal Decision Making
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
Policy
A course or principle of action adopted or proposed by
a government, party, business, or individual
John M. Last, A Dictionary of Public Health
Individual and Societal Decision Making
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
Policy
A course or principle of action adopted or proposed by
a government, party, business, or individual
John M. Last, A Dictionary of Public Health
Individual and Societal Decision Making
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
Drug Policy
A course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual
that affects drug use
Individual and Societal Decision Making
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
Democracy
Government by the people; especially rule of the majority
A government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a
system of representation usually involving periodically held free
elections
http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/democracy
Individual and Societal Decision Making
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
Democracy Philosopher - King
Individual and Societal Decision Making
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
Democracy
“It is both the glory and the burden of democracy that lay citizens must make the final choice.”
Citizen - Kings / Citizen - Queens
Individual and Societal Decision Making
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
The probability that an event will occur
Risk
John M. Last, A Dictionary of Public Health
Individual and Societal Decision Making
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
One’s feeling or opinion about the existence or size of a risk
One’s estimate of the likelihood that an undesirable consequence, associated with some activity, will occur within
a period of time
Risk Perception
John M. Last, A Dictionary of Public Health
Individual and Societal Decision Making
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
The degree to which an individual or society is willing to tolerate the existence
of something that poses a danger
Acceptable Risk
John M. Last, A Dictionary of Public Health
Individual and Societal Decision Making
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
The degree to which an individual or society is unwilling to tolerate the existence
of something that poses a danger
Unacceptable Risk
Individual and Societal Decision Making
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
Pollan, Michael. “The Way We Live Now: A Very Fine Line,” New York Times Magazine, September 12, 1999
You would be hard-pressed to explain the taxonomy of chemicals
underpinning the drug war to an extraterrestrial.
Unacceptable Risk
Individual and Societal Decision Making
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
Pollan, Michael. “The Way We Live Now: A Very Fine Line,” New York Times Magazine, September 12, 1999
Is it, for example, addictiveness that causes this society to condemn a drug? (No; nicotine is legal, and millions of Americans have battled addictions to prescription drugs.)
Unacceptable Risk
Individual and Societal Decision Making
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
Is it, for example, addictiveness that causes this society to condemn a drug? (No; nicotine is legal, and millions of Americans have battled addictions to prescription drugs.) So then, our inquisitive alien might ask, is safety the decisive factor? (Not really; over-the-counter and prescription drugs kill more than 45,000 Americans every year while, according to The New England Journal of Medicine, "There is no risk of death from smoking marijuana.")
Unacceptable Risk
Pollan, Michael. “The Way We Live Now: A Very Fine Line,” New York Times Magazine, September 12, 1999
Individual and Societal Decision Making
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
Is it, for example, addictiveness that causes this society to condemn a drug? (No; nicotine is legal, and millions of Americans have battled addictions to prescription drugs.) So then, our inquisitive alien might ask, is safety the decisive factor? (Not really; over-the-counter and prescription drugs kill more than 45,000 Americans every year while, according to The New England Journal of Medicine, "There is no risk of death from smoking marijuana.") Is it drugs associated with violent behavior that your society condemns? (If so, alcohol would still be illegal.)
Unacceptable Risk
Pollan, Michael. “The Way We Live Now: A Very Fine Line,” New York Times Magazine, September 12, 1999
Individual and Societal Decision Making
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
Is it, for example, addictiveness that causes this society to condemn a drug? (No; nicotine is legal, and millions of Americans have battled addictions to prescription drugs.) So then, our inquisitive alien might ask, is safety the decisive factor? (Not really; over-the-counter and prescription drugs kill more than 45,000 Americans every year while, according to The New England Journal of Medicine, "There is no risk of death from smoking marijuana.") Is it drugs associated with violent behavior that your society condemns? (If so, alcohol would still be illegal.) Perhaps, then, it is the promise of pleasure that puts a drug beyond the pale? (That would once again rule out alcohol, as well as Viagra.)
Unacceptable Risk
Pollan, Michael. “The Way We Live Now: A Very Fine Line,” New York Times Magazine, September 12, 1999
Individual and Societal Decision Making
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
Is it, for example, addictiveness that causes this society to condemn a drug? (No; nicotine is legal, and millions of Americans have battled addictions to prescription drugs.) So then, our inquisitive alien might ask, is safety the decisive factor? (Not really; over-the-counter and prescription drugs kill more than 45,000 Americans every year while, according to The New England Journal of Medicine, "There is no risk of death from smoking marijuana.") Is it drugs associated with violent behavior that your society condemns? (If so, alcohol would still be illegal.) Perhaps, then, it is the promise of pleasure that puts a drug beyond the pale? (That would once again rule out alcohol, as well as Viagra.) Then maybe the molecules you despise are the ones that alter the texture of consciousness, or even a human's personality? (Tell that to someone who has been saved from depression by Prozac.)
Unacceptable Risk
Pollan, Michael. “The Way We Live Now: A Very Fine Line,” New York Times Magazine, September 12, 1999
Individual and Societal Decision Making
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
Is it, for example, addictiveness that causes this society to condemn a drug? (No; nicotine is legal, and millions of Americans have battled addictions to prescription drugs.) So then, our inquisitive alien might ask, is safety the decisive factor? (Not really; over-the-counter and prescription drugs kill more than 45,000 Americans every year while, according to The New England Journal of Medicine, "There is no risk of death from smoking marijuana.") Is it drugs associated with violent behavior that your society condemns? (If so, alcohol would still be illegal.) Perhaps, then, it is the promise of pleasure that puts a drug beyond the pale? (That would once again rule out alcohol, as well as Viagra.) Then maybe the molecules you despise are the ones that alter the texture of consciousness, or even a human's personality? (Tell that to someone who has been saved from depression by Prozac.)
Unacceptable Risk
Pollan, Michael. “The Way We Live Now: A Very Fine Line,” New York Times Magazine, September 12, 1999
Individual and Societal Decision Making
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
Individual and Societal Decision Making
Drug Policy Questions
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
Scientific LiteracyA scientifically literate person is someone who:
National Research Council. (1996) National Science Education Standards, Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
… can ask, find, or determine answers to questions derived from curiosity about everyday experiences
… has the ability to describe, explain, and predict natural phenomenon
… is able to read with understanding articles about science in the popular press and to engage in social conversation about the validity of their conclusions
… can identify scientific issues underlying national and local decisions and express positions that are scientifically and technologically informed
… (is) able to evaluate the quality of scientific information on the basis of its source and the methods used to generate it
… (has) the capacity to pose and evaluate arguments based on evidence and to apply conclusions from such arguments appropriately
Individual and Societal Decision Making
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
Drug Policy Question Assignment
Enduring Understanding
Policy decisions are based on more than the scientific evidence.
Because of competing values – social, economic, ethical, environmental, cultural,
and political factors may also be considered.
Individual and Societal Decision Making
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
Pre – Drug Policy Question Assignment Survey
Individual and Societal Decision Making
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
Needle Exchange Programs
Individual and Societal Decision Making
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
Drug Policy Question Position
Should needle exchange programs be implemented?
Individual and Societal Decision Making
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
Enduring Understanding
Policy decisions are based on more than the scientific evidence.
Because of competing values; social, economic, ethical, environmental, cultural,
and political factors may also be considered.
Individual and Societal Decision Making
DrugEpi 5-1 Introduction to Policy Lessons
Big Ideas in this Lesson (5-1)
• In a democratic society, a scientifically literate population is better able to make informed decisions about issues of public health
• Societal decisions about acceptability versus unacceptability of risk often consider other factors besides the actual magnitude of that risk
Re-Cap