drug distribution system

DRUG DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

JISHNU.R.KPHARM D (PB)

KMCH COLLAGE OF PHARMACY

www.revolutionpharmd.com

DEFINITION

Supply of drugs in the hospitals and other clinics for the treatment of indoor and outdoor patients by indent system.

DRUG DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM


Types Individual prescription order system Complete floor stock system –

charge floor system and non charge floor stock system

Combination of individual drug order and floor stock system

Unit dose dispensing system Charge non-floor stock system

IN-PATIENT SERVICES


Used by small and private hospitals because of reduced man power requirements.

Physician writes the prescription for individual patient who obtains the drugs prescribed by paying own charges.

Advantages:Medn. orders are directly reviewed by the

pharmacist.Provides interaction with pharmacist and

other medical staff and patients.Provides clear control of inventory.

1. INDIVIDUAL PRESCRIPTION ORDER SYSTEM


Often used in the government hospitals The drugs are given to the patients

through nursing stations and the pharmacy supplies from the drug store of the hospitals.

Drugs on nursing station or ward may be divided into

a) Charge floor stock drugs b) Non charge floor stock drugs

2.THE COMPLETE FLOOR STOCK SYSTEM


Charge floor stock drugs:Medicines (stocked in nursing stations) are

charged to the patient’s account after they have been administered.

Selection of “charge” stock drugs: Decision as to which drug shall be placed should rest with the PTC. The list of drugs may vary from hospital to hospital.In the same hospital the list of drugs may change from time to time as per the recommendations of the PTC.

e.g. Antiallergics-hydrocortisone sodium succinate

Antibiotics-penicillin G. mannitol injections, dextrose 50%,

25%


Non charge floor stock drugs:Used by patients in unit ward and for which

there may be no direct charge to the patient’s account .

Cost of this group of drugs, is calculated as, per day cost of room or ward .

Selection of non charge stock drugs: Consideration is given to the cost of preparation, the quantity used, and the effect on hospital budget and reimbursement from third party payers (Employees’ state insurance scheme).It varies from hospital to hospital.

Ampoules: digoxin, adrenalineTablets: aspirin, paracetamol


Advantages: Easy and fast availability of drugs. Elimination of returns of drugs to the store or

pharmacy. Reduction in number of drug transcriptions for the

pharmacy. Reduction in the number of pharmacy staff required.Disadvantages: Increase in medication error (due lack of review of

medn. order). Greater chances of pilferage. Increase drug inventory in the ward. Greater work load for nurses. Increase drug deterioration. Lack of proper storage facilities

Contd…


Drug basket system:Used currently by hospitals for stocking non

charge floor stock drugs and selected products in the wards.

Mobile dispensing unit:Used in hospitals to take medications to the

patients bedside for carrying out dressings and also drugs to be administered.

Contd…


Mobile Dispensing Unit & Drug basket system


Uses individual prescription as primary means of dispensing but also utilize a limited floor stock.

Most commonly used in hospitals of our country.

Modified to include use of “unit medications”.

3. COMBINATION OF INDIVIDUAL DRUG ORDER AND FLOOR STOCK SYSTEMS


Those medications which are ordered, packaged, handled, administered and charged in multiples of single dose units containing a predetermined amount of drug or supply sufficient for one regular dose, application or use.

ProcedureDepending upon the hospital and its pharmacist’s

choice. They are: Central unit dose drug distribution system

(C.U.D.D.) Decentralized unit dose distribution system

(D.U.D.D.)

4.Unit dose dispensing system


Inpatient drugs are dispensed in unit doses. Drugs are stored in a central area of

pharmacy Dispensed at the time the dose is due to be

given. Medication carts and dumb waiters are

needed. Necessary to sent a copy of original medn.

order to the pharmacy for the direct interpretation and dispensing.

Centralized unit dose dispensing:


Operates through small satellite pharmacies (A branch of main pharmacy) located on each floor of the hospital.

Wards obtain their required drugs instead of going to the main pharmacy.

Main pharmacy feeds the medicines to the mini pharmacies.

The delivery system is accomplished by use of medication carts .

Decentralized unit dose system


Advantages Of Unit Dose Dispn: Improved pharmaceutical services for the

patients. Allow the pharmacist to interpret a copy of

medn. order there by reducing medn. error. Eliminates labeling mistakes, duplication of order

and paperwork at nursing area and Pharmacy. It transfers I.V. preparations and drug

reconstitution procedures to the pharmacy. It eliminates pilferage or drug waste by partial

usage of drugs. It can save the time both in pharmacy and

nursing service. Promotes efficient utilization of professional and

non professional personnel.

contd..


Unit dosage system


Ordering, dispensing and accounting of drugs consume a lot of time on nursing services and pharmacy personnel.

One method adopted to identify the patient is the charge plate prepared on the admission to hospital where the nursing time is saved .

All newly printed hospital forms usually reserve a suitable place in the upper right or left hand corner of the form for information on the identification plate (plastic or metal card).

5.DISPENSING OF CHARGE NON FLOOR STOCK DRUGS


All charge stations are equipped for using this time saving device which yields an important by-product viz. legibility of identity.

Items with an extremely heavy demand have specific card with all the information pre-printed.

All that is necessary is the patient’s identity which is quickly supplied through the use of the charge plate.

5.DISPENSING OF CHARGE NON FLOOR STOCK DRUGS


In this system, an envelope may be used to dispense drug to the wards.

It can also be used to indicate the charges for the drugs for the patients to pay.

THE ENVELOPE SYSTEM


They are essentially locked medication drawers which are located in patient servers, which are specially designed supply closets build into the hall wall at the entrance to each patient’s room.

BED SIDE PHARMACY


Operates centrally. Supplies entire requirement of sterile

materials of the hospital and all things needed to the sterile area of the hospital (operation theatre).

Includes non sterile materials needed to the operation theatre.

CENTRAL STERILE SERVICES


THANK YOU


drug distribution system

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