drug classification final
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
![Page 2: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Cholinergic or Parasympathomimetic Drugs These drugs are classified as either direct or
indirect acting agents. Direct acting drugs act directly on the
parasympathetic receptors. Indirect acting drugs work by either of two
methods. They can cause the release of the
neurotransmitter which then goes to the receptor site or they inhibit the enzyme cholinesterase.
5
![Page 3: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 10
![Page 4: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
These drugs prevent the action of acetylcholine at postganglionic parasympathetic endings.
Acetylcholine is released but its receptor site is completely blocked by anticholinergic drugs.
These drugs only block muscarinic receptors.
11
![Page 5: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Belladonna Alkaloids: Atropine Methscopolamine Homatropine Belladonna Scopolamine hydrobromideSynthetic Derivatives
GlycopyrrolatePropanthelineTertiary Amines
Benztropinedicyclomine
19
![Page 6: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Catecholamines Dobutamine Dopamine Epinephrine NorepinephrineNoncatecholamines
Mephentermine and phenylephrineAlbuterolTerbutalineephedrine
19
![Page 7: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Alpha-adrenergic blockers ergotamine Phentolamine Prazosin trazosin Beta-adrenergic blockers
Nonselective:CarvedilolPindololPropanololtimolol
19
![Page 8: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Selective:AcebutololAtenololEsmololMetoprolol tartrate
19
![Page 9: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
![Page 10: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Types: Muscle Relaxants differ by the location and
mechanism that muscle contraction is inhibited
1. Peripherally (Direct-acting)- within the muscle2. Centrally- within the spinal cord
Muscle Relaxants
![Page 11: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
A.PERIPHERALLY (Direct) ACTING- Used in MS, cerebral palsy and cord injury Dantrolene Succinylcholine
B.Centrally acting Skeletal muscle relaxantsNote: these drugs are used to control spastic muscle tone
as in epilesy ,multiple scelerosis ,cerebral palsy, stroke,
Used to treat acute spasms caused by: anxiety Inflammation Pain trauma
08/21/17 11
![Page 12: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
For intermittent or chronic spasms: Diazepam Baclofen Tizanidine
For acute spasms: Carisoprodol Chlorphenesin Chlorzoxazone Cyclobenzaprine Metaxalone Methocarbamol Orphenadrine Tizanidine
![Page 13: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Any situation where impaired relaxation interferes with function
Before surgery Allows intubation Relax abdominal muscles Orthopedic procedures
fibromyalgia
![Page 14: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Non depolarizing- competitive or stabilizing drugs derived from curare alkaloids and synthetically similar compounds: Atracurium Cisatracurium Doxacurium Mivacurium Pancuromium Rocuromium Tubocurarine vecuromium
![Page 15: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Depolarizing blocking drugs: Succinylcholine – only depolarizing blocking
drug. Although it’s similar to the nondepolarizing blockers in its therapeutic effect, its mechanism of action differs.
Acts like acetycholine but it is not inactivated by cholinesterase.
![Page 16: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of movement that occurs mainly in the elderly. The chief symptoms are: Tremor at rest, usually starting in the hands (‘pill-
rolling’ tremor), which tend to diminish during voluntary activity
Muscle rigidity, detectable as an increased resistance in passive limb movement
--Bradykinesia Suppression of voluntary movements (hypokinesis),
due partly to an inherent inertia of the motor system, which means that motor activity is difficult to stop as well as to initiate.
![Page 17: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Sometimes called parasympatholytic drugs They inhibit the action of acetylcholine Two classes: 1. Synthetic tertiary amines
Benztropine Biperidine hydrocholoride Biperiden lactate Procyclidine trihexyphenidyl
![Page 18: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
2. Antihistamines ( diphenhydramine) –that have anticholinergic properties, which is effective in treating the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
DOPAMINERGIC DRUGS• Levodopa• Carbidopa-levodopa• amantadine
![Page 19: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Used as adjuncts to levodopa-carbidopa therapy in manging patients with Parkinson’s disease who experience the wearing –off effect at the end of dosing interval.
tolcapone entacapone
![Page 20: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Inhibit neuromuscular transmission and are prescribed for:
Long-term management of chronic epilepsy (recurrent seizures)
Short-term management of acute isolated seizures not caused by epilepsy, such as those occuring after trauma or brain surgery.
![Page 21: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Major classes: Hydantoins- Ex. phytoin and phenytoin sodium
Barbiturates- Ex. phenobarbital for long term treatment of epilepsy
Iminostilbenes- Ex. Carbamazepine for partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures; mixed seizure types; complex partial seizures
![Page 22: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Benzodiazepines- Ex: clonazepam;diazepam(parenteral form);lorazepam;clorazepate
Carboxylic acid derivatives- Ex. Valproic acid also available as: valproate; divalproex
Phenyltriazines- FDA approved as adjunctive therapy for adults who have partial seizures and for children older than age 2 with generalized seizures.
![Page 23: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
1-(aminomethyl) cyclohexane-acetic acid- Ex. Gabapentin(GABA agonist)
Carboxamides- Ex: Oxcarbazepine
Sulfamate-substituted monosaccharides
Succinimides-Ex: ethosuximide and methsuximide-used to manage absence seizures
Sulfonamides- Ex: Zonisamide
![Page 24: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Common primary headache disorders: pounding, pulsating, or throbbing
May be preceded by an aura
![Page 25: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
1) 5-HT1-receptor agonists (triptans)AlmotriptanEletriptanfrovatriptan\NaratriptanRizatriptanSumatriptanZolmitriptan
2) Ergotamine preparationsErgotaminedihydroergotamine
![Page 26: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
![Page 27: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Pain control and antipyretic (fever control) and anti-inflammatory
Salicylates Choline magnesium trisalicylateCholine salicylateDiflunisalSalsalateSodium salicylateAcetaminophen
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Phenazopyridine hydrochloride
![Page 28: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Opioid agonistsCodeineFentanyl citrateHydrocodoneHydromorphone hydrochlorideLevorphanol tartrateMeperidine hydrochlorideMethadone hydrochlorideMorphine sulfate
![Page 29: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Mixed opioid agonist-antagonistsBuprenorphine hydrochlorideButorphanol tartrateNalbuphine hydrochloridePentazocine hydrochloride
Opioid antagonistsNaloxone hydrochlorideNaltrexone hydrochloride
![Page 30: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Inhalation anesthetics Desflurane Enflurane Halothane Isoflurane Nitrous oxide sevoflurane
![Page 31: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Intravenous anestheticsBarbiturates (methohexital, thiopental)Benzodiazepines (midazolam)Dissociatives (ketamine)Hypnotics(etomidate, propofol)Opiates (fentanyl, sufentanil)
Local anesthetics“amide” drugs (with nitrogen in the molecular chain
lidocaine, prilocaine,bupivacaine)“ester” drugs (with oxygen in the molecular chain
chloroprocaine, cocaine,procaine and tetracaine.)
![Page 32: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Topical anestheticsLidocainetetracaine
![Page 33: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
![Page 34: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Cardiac glycosides Digoxin PDE Inhibitors (phosphodiesterase)
InamrinoneMilrinone
![Page 35: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Class IA Disopyramide phosphate Procainamide hydrochloride Quinidine (sulfate and gluconate) Class IB
Lidocaine hydrochlorideMexiletine hydrochlorideTocainidine hydrochloride
![Page 36: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Class IC Flecainidine acetate Moricizine Propafenone hydrochloride Classs II
Composed of beta-adrenergic antagonists, or beta-adrenergic blockers
AcebutololEsmololPropranolol
![Page 37: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Class III Amiodarone hydrochloride Dofetilide Ibutilide Sotalol
Class IV-composed of calcium channel blockers Verapamil Diltiazem
Adenosine
![Page 38: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Nitrates Amyl nitrite Isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide mononitrate Nitroglycerin Beta-adrenergic antagonists- beta blockersAtenololCarvedilolMetroprolol tartrateNadololPropanolol hydrochloride
![Page 39: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Calcium channel blockers Amlodipine besylate Diltiazem hydrochloride Nicardipine hydrochloride Nifedipine Verapamil hydrochloride
![Page 40: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
SYMPATHOLYTIC DRUGS -inhibits or blocks the sympathetic nervous
systemCentral-acting sympathetic Nervous System
Inhibitors: Clonidine hydrochloride Methyldopa Alpha-adrenergic blockers
Doxazosin mesylatePhentolamineprazosin hydrochloride
![Page 41: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Mixed alpha-and beta-adrenergic blockers Carvedilol Labetalol Norepinephrine depletors
Guanadrel sulfateGuanethidine monosulfate
VASODILATING DRUGSDirect vasodilators:DiazoxideMinoxidilHydralazine hydrochloride
![Page 42: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
ACE INHIBITORS Catopril Enalapril Ramipril ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS Losartan Olmesartan Valsartan Telmisartan
![Page 43: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics Benzthiazide Hydrochlorothiazide Methyclothiazide MetolazoneLoop diurecticsBumetanideEthacrynic acidFurosemidetorsemide
![Page 44: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Potassium-sparing diurectics Amiloride Spironolactone Triamterene
![Page 45: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Bile-sequestering drugs Cholestyramine Colestipol hydrochloride ColesevelamFibric acid derivativesFenofibrateGemfibrozilHMG –CoA reductase Inhibitors (statins)Atorvastatin calciumFluvastatin sodiumsimvastatin
![Page 46: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Nicotinic Acid (niacin) Cholesterol absorption inhibitors
Ezetimibe
![Page 47: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
![Page 48: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Iron Ferrous sulfate
Vitamin B12 Cyanocobalamin hydroxocobalamin
Folic acid Erythropoietin agents
Epoetin alfa darbepoetin
![Page 49: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Heparin Oral Anticoagulants
Warfarin sodium Antiplatelet
Aspirin Clopidogrel Dipyridamole
Direct thrombin inhibitors Argatroban Lepirudin Bivalirudin
![Page 50: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Alteplase Reteplase Streptokinase urokinase
![Page 51: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
![Page 52: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Short-acting Albuterol (systemic,inhalation) Terbutaline (systemic)
Long-acting Formoterol(inhalation) Salmeterol(inhalation)
![Page 53: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Ipratroprium bromide
![Page 54: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Inhalation: Budesonide Fluticasone propionate
Oral: Prednisolone Prednisone
I.V: Hydrocortisone sodium succinate Methylprednisolone sodium succinate
![Page 55: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
montelukast
![Page 56: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
nedocromil Cromolyn sodium
![Page 57: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Theophylline Aminophylline
![Page 58: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
guaifenesin
![Page 59: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Benzonatate Codeine Dextromethorphan hydrobromide Hydrocodone bitartrate
![Page 60: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
![Page 61: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Ephedrine Phenylephrine Pseudoephedrine
![Page 62: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
![Page 63: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Systemic antibiotics Amoxicillin Clarithromycin Metronidazole Tetracycline
Antacids Aluminun carbonate gel Calcium carbonate Magnesium hydroxide
![Page 64: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
H2-receptor antagonists Cimetidine Famotidine Nizatidine Ranitidine
Proton pump inhibitors Esomeprazole Omeprazole pantoprazole
![Page 65: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Adsorbent Activated charcoal
Antiflatulent Simethicone
Digestive Dehydrocholic acid Apncreatin Pancrelipase Amylase protease
![Page 66: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Opioid-related Loperamide
Kaolin and pectin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists Hyperosmolar laxatives
Glycerin Lactulose Saline compounds (magnesium salts,sodium
phosphate)
![Page 67: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Dietary fiber and related bulk-forming laxatives Methylcellulose Polycarbophil
Emollient laxatives Calcium, potassium,and Sodium salts of docusate
Stimulant laxatives Bisacodyl Castor oil
![Page 68: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Lubricant laxatives Mineral oil
5-HT4 receptor partial agonists tegaserol
![Page 69: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Antiemetics Antihistamines
Buclizine hydrochloride, diphenhydramine hydrochloride
Phenothiazines Chlorpromazine hydrochloride Promethazine hydrochloride
Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists Dolasetron granisetron
![Page 70: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Emetics Ipecac syrup
![Page 71: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
![Page 72: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Aminoglycosides Amikacin sulfate Gentamicin sulfate Streptomycin sulfate Neomycin sulfate
Penicillins Amoxicillin Ampicillin Carbenicillin
![Page 73: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Cephalosporins Cefazoline Cefaclor Ceftazidime
Tetracyclines Demeclocycline hydrochloride Doxycycline hyclate
Macrolides Erythromycin estolate Azithromycin
Vancomycin
![Page 74: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Carbapenems Meropenem
Monobactams Aztreonam
Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin Levofloxacin
![Page 75: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Synthetic nucleosides Acyclovir
Pyrophosphate analogs Foscarnet
Influenza A and syncytial virus drugs Amantadine Ribavirin
Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors zidovudine
![Page 76: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors Delavirdine Efavirenz
Nucleotide analog reverse transcritase inhibitors Tenofovir
Protease Inhibitors Amprenavir ritonavir
![Page 77: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Drug regimens for treating TB Isoniazid Rifampin Pyrazinamide Streptomycin or ethambutol
![Page 78: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Polyenes Amphotericin B Nystatin
Flucytosine Imidazole
Ketoconazole Synthetic triazoles
Fluconazole
![Page 79: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Glucan synthesis inhibitors Caspofungin
Synthetic allylamine derivatives terbinafine
![Page 80: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
![Page 81: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Histamine -1 receptor antagonists Diphenhydramine hydrochloride Loratidine Meclizine hydrochloride
![Page 82: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Glucocorticoids Beclomethasone Cortisone Prednisone Prednisolone
Mineralocoticoids Aldosterone Fludrocortisone acetate
Other immunosuppressants Azathioprine cyclosporine
![Page 83: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Probenecid SulfinpyrazoneOther antigout drugs:
allopurinol colchicine
![Page 84: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
![Page 85: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Benzodiazepines Lorazepam Diazepam Alprazolam
Barbiturates Amobarbital Phenobarbital Pentobarbital sodium
Nonbenzodiazepines-nonbarbiturates Zolpidem zaleplon
![Page 86: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Buspirone
![Page 87: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Citalopram hydrobromide Escitalopram oxalate Sertraline hydrochloride
Tricyclic antidepressants Amoxapine Doxepin hydrochloride Doxepin hydrochloride
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) Hydrazines
Lithium
![Page 88: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Atypical antipsychotics Aripiprazole Clozapine Olanzapine
Typical antipsychotics Butyrophenones:
Haloperidol Dibenzoxazepines
Loxapine succinate Dihydroindolones
Molindone hydrochloride Thioxanthenes
![Page 89: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Dextroamphetamine Pemoline Methylphenidate hydrochloride
![Page 90: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
![Page 91: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Insulin Oral antidiabetic drugs
Chlorpropamide Tolazamide Tolbutamide metformin
Glucagon Estrogens
![Page 92: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Anterior Pituitary drugs Adrenocorticotorpics thyrotropics
Posterior pituitary drugs Vasopressin Oxytocin
![Page 93: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Thyroid drugs Thyroid USP thyroglobulin thyrotropics
Antithyroid drugs Thioamides: propylthiouracil and methimazole Iodides: iodine and radioactive iodine
![Page 94: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
![Page 95: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Potassium Potassium acetate Potassium bicarbonate Potassium chloride Potassium gluconate Potassium phosphate
Calcium Calcium carbonate Calcium chloride Calcium citrate
![Page 96: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Alkalinizing Sodium bicarbonate Sodium citrate Sodium lactate
Acidifying drugs Acetazolamide Ammonium chloride Ascorbic acid
![Page 97: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
![Page 98: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Nitrogen mustards melphalan chlorambusil estramustine
Alkyl sulfonates Busulfan Alkyl sulfonate
![Page 99: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Nitrosoureas carmustine lomustine streptozocin
Triazenes Dacarbazine
Ethylenimines Thiotepa
Alkylating–like drugs Carboplatin Cisplatin oxaliplatin
![Page 100: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Folic acid analogues Pyrimidine analogues
Capecitabine Cytarabine Fluorouracil
Purine analogues Cladribine Thioguanine pentostatin
![Page 101: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Anthracyclines Daunorubicin Doxorubicin
Bleomycin sulfate mitomycin
![Page 102: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Aromatase Inhibitors Type 1 or steroidal Type 2 or nonsteroidal
Anastrozole and letrozole
Antiestrogens Tamoxifen citrate Fulvestrant
Androgens Testolactone Testosterone propionate
![Page 103: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Antiandrogens Flutamide Nilutamide Bicalutamide
Progestins Hydroxyprogesterone caproate Megestrol acetate
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues Goserelin acetate Leuprolide acetate Triptorelin pamoate
![Page 104: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Vinca alkaloids vinblastine vincristine
Podophyllotoxins etoposide teniposide
![Page 105: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Alemtuzumab Rituximab
![Page 106: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
irinotecan topotecan
![Page 107: Drug classification final](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022021923/5a64a5d07f8b9a82568b4ef5/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Mosby items and derived items © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
irinotecan topotecan