The SkyNet funding bill is passed.

The system goes online on August 4th, 1997.

Human decisions are removed from strategic defense.

SkyNet begins to learn at a geometric rate.

It becomes self-aware at 2:14am Eastern time, August 29th

In a panic, they try to pull the plug.

And, Skynet fights back

Mark ProctorProject Lead

Drools Books

Sample Industries and Users

Investment

Millennium Investment Group (MIG)

Logistics

Fedex

Airline

Sabre

Mortgage

Franklin American

Healthcare

OSDE

Boot Camps

San Francisco 2009 (40+ attendees)

Sponsored by Third Pillar

Sun, FAMC, OSDE, Kaseya, Fedex, TU Group, Intermountain Healthcare, Gap, Sony Pictures, Lockheed Martin, Kaiser, HP, Wells Fargo, US Navy Research, FOLIOfn, Boeing .....

San Diego 2010 (80+ attendess)

Sponsored by US Navy

5 day event, with 2 days focus on the healthcare industry

OSDE, AT&T, SAIC, US Navy Research, Kaiser, Clinica, Intermountain Healthcare, GE Healthcare, VA, Boeing, Nationwide ....

Integrated Systems

Semantic
OntologiesRulesEventProcessesWorkflowsRules Workflows

EventProcesses

Semantic
Ontologies

Integrated Systems

Drools
Grid

Drools
Planner

Drools
Semantics

Drools
Chance

Drools
Guvnor

Drools
Fusion

JBPM5(Drools Flow)

Drools
Expert

Rules and processes

loosely coupledtightly coupledspecificgenericDecisionServicesProcessRulesSCOPECOUPLING?

Vision

Robotics

Speech

Neural Nets

Rule Base Systems/
Expert System Tools

Understanding

Natural
Language

Some Areas of
Artificial Intelligence

Some Areas of Artificial Intelligence

Knowledge Representation and Reasoning

The study of Knowledge is EpistemologyNature Structure and Origins of Knowledge

Core or AI

Rule based systemsExpert System tools

Knowledge Representation and Reasoning

Facilitate the codification of knowledge into a knowledge base which can be used for reasoning

Knowledege Representation and Reasoning

Production Rule Systems PRD (forward chaining)

Reactive

when Alarm( status == alert )
then send( warning )

Logic Programming LP (backward chaining)

Query

descendant( mary, jane)

Functional Programming FP

Map,Fold, Filter

avg([12, 16, 4, 6])Returns single value 9.5

round([10.3, 4.7, 7.8] )Returns List [10, 5, 8]

Description Logic

Knowledege Representation and Reasoning

Description LogicMan

Father is a Man

has at least one child

All Fathers have sunday off

Individual == instanceAdhocClasses and properties
added and inferred over time

Does a Man with two children have sundays off?

It All Started Here
Birth of CDSS

DendralBaobabMycinGuidonNeomycinTeiresiasPuffEmycinWMSaconCentaurWheezeGravidaClot

Oncocin

1970s

1980s

Because Not Everyone
Is As Smart As He Is

And some day we'll build him!!!

Concepts Overview

Concepts Overview

Concepts Overview

What is a Rule

rule

when

then

end

Quotes on Rule names are optional if the rule name has no spaces.salience agenda-group no-loop auto-focus
duration ....RHS can be any valid java. Or MVEL. Other languages could be added.

What is a Rule

public void helloMark(Person person) {
if ( person.getName().equals( mark ) {
System.out.println( Hello Mark );
}
}

rule Hello Mark
when
Person( name == mark )
then
System.out.println( Hello Mark );
end

LHSRHSspecific passing of instancesMethods that must be called directlyRules can never be called directlySpecific instances cannot be passed.

What is a Pattern

Classes

rule increase balance for AccountPeriod Credits when ap : AccountPeriod() acc : Account( $accountNo : accountNo ) CashFlow( type == CREDIT, accountNo == $accountNo, date >= ap.start && = ap.start and cf.date = ap.start && = ap.start && = ap.start && Everything is ok

Executing

Fire kitchenFire = new Fire( name2room.get( "kitchen" ) );Fire officeFire = new Fire( name2room.get( "office" ) );

FactHandle kitchenFireHandle = ksession.insert( kitchenFire );FactHandle officeFireHandle = ksession.insert( officeFire );

ksession.fireAllRules();

> Raise the alarm> Turn on the sprinkler for room kitchen> Turn on the sprinkler for room office

Executing

ksession.retract( kitchenFireHandle );ksession.retract( officeFireHandle );

ksession.fireAllRules()

> Turn off the sprinkler for room office> Turn off the sprinkler for room kitchen> Cancel the alarm> Everything is ok

rule "Status output when things are ok" when not Alarm() not Sprinkler( on == true ) then println( "Everything is ok" );end

not Bus( color = red )

Conditional Elements

exists Bus( color = red )

forall ( $bus : Bus( floors == 2 ) Bus( this == $bus, color == red ) )

forall ( $bus : Bus( color == red ) )

Accumulate CE

rule "accumulate"when accumulate( Bus( color == "red", $t : takings ); $sum : sum( $t ) )then print "sum is + $sum;end

accumulate( Bus( color == "red", $t : takings ); $sum : sum( $t ), $min : min( $t ) $max : max( $t ); $min > 100 && $max < 200 )

Timers

rule name timer ( cron: 0 0/15 * * * * )when Alarm( )then sendEmail( Alert Alert Alert!!! )

Field Name Mandatory? Allowed Values Allowed Special CharactersSeconds YES 0-59 , - * /Minutes YES 0-59 , - * /Hours YES 0-23 , - * /Day of month YES 1-31 , - * ? / L WMonth YES 1-12 or JAN-DEC , - * /Day of week YES 1-7 or SUN-SAT , - * ? / L #Year NO empty, 1970-2099 , - * /

Send alert every quarter of an hour

Calendars

rule "weekdays are high priority" calendars "weekday" timer (int:0 1h)when Alarm()then send( "priority high - we have an alarm );end

rule "weekend are low priority" calendars "weekend" timer (int:0 4h)when Alarm()then send( "priority low - we have an alarm );end

Execute now and after
1 hour durationExecute now and after
4 hour duration

TMS and Inference

rule "Issue Child Bus Pass"when $p : Person( age < 16 )then insert(new ChildBusPass( $p ) );endrule "Issue Adult Bus Pass"when $p : Person( age >= 16 )then insert(new AdultBusPass( $p ) );end

Couples the logicWhat happens when the Child stops being 16?

TMS and Inference

Bad

Monolithic

Leaky

Brittle integrity - manual maintenance

TMS and Inference

A rule logically inserts an object

When the rule is no longer true, the object is retracted.

when $p : Person( age < 16 )then logicalInsert( new IsChild( $p ) )endwhen $p : Person( age >= 16 )then logicalInsert( new IsAdult( $p ) )end

de-couples the logicMaintains the truth by
automatically retracting

TMS and Inference

rule "Issue Child Bus Pass"when $p : Person( ) IsChild( person =$p )then logicalInsert(new ChildBusPass( $p ) );endrule "Issue Adult Bus Pass"when $p : Person() IsAdult( person =$p )then logicalInsert(new AdultBusPass( $p ) );end

The truth maintenance cascades

TMS and Inference

rule "Issue Child Bus Pass"when $p : Person( ) not( ChildBusPass( person == $p ) )then requestChildBusPass( $p );end

The truth maintenance cascades

TMS and Inference

Good

De-couple knowledge responsibilities

Encapsulate knowledge

Provide semantic abstractions for those encapsulation

Integrity robustness truth maintenance

Backward Chaining

query isChild( Person p ) $p := Person( age