driving industrialization of kazakhstan - pakpas energy presentations/1.ams... · 2017-08-09 ·...

Job No

1584

Page Symbol Unit No Cat Type+Format Serial No Rev

DWG UD I0100.11/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate

15 JAN 2014 O.SONGUR

Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3

Description Date Name Check

This document containing confidential information and is the property of PAKPAS GROUP and can not be reproduced or used

without PAKPAS’s written consent.

ATLANTIC ASIA PACIFIC

TRANS LTD

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

EXPO 2017 ASTANA KAZAKHSTAN

ONYXSOLAR

RENEWABLE ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY

GREEN ECONOMY

Driving Industrialization of Kazakhstan

Job No

1584


DWG UD I0100.21/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3





TRANS LTD

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

ONYXSOLAR


Sustainable energy is the sustainable provision of energy that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

Technologies that promote sustainable energy include renewable energy sources, such as hydroelectricity, solar energy, wind energy, wave power, geothermal energy, artificial photosynthesis, and tidal power, and also technologies designed to improve energy efficiency.

SMART SOLUTIONSWe are VAR System Integrator

SMART GRID

Job No

1584


DWG UD I0100.31/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3





TRANS LTD

AMS KAZAKHSTAN ONYXSOLAR


WHERE WE ARE?

INTERNATIONAL HUMAN ACADEMY

INTERNATIONAL HUMAN INSTITUTE ASTANA

ONLINE EDUCATIONhttp://www.pakpas.org/0.REFINERY%20LIBRARY/26.Kazakhstan_oil_railway_map.gif

www.pakpas.org/CENTRALASIA/CentralAsia.pdf

www.pakpas.org/0.REFINERY LIBRARY/26.Kazakhstan_oil_railway_map.gif

Job No

1584


DWG UD I0100.41/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3





TRANS LTD




Driving Industrialization of KazakhstanSAME EXCELLENCE AT EVERY SCHOOL OF KAZAKHSTAN

www.pakpas.org/CENTRALASIA/CentralAsia.pdf

Job No

1584


DWG UD I0100.51/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3





TRANS LTD




GLOBAL SAFE INTERNET CONNECTION WORK POINTS

Job No

1584


DWG UD I0100.61/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3





TRANS LTD




WORK STATIONS

BIRMINGHAM SERVERS

WAN/LAN

WPN

Job No

1584


DWG UD I0100.71/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3





TRANS LTD

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

9221.526.6.545.162.120

Echelon’s Smart Building Solution allows

building professionals to architect energy-

efficient buildings that can respond to real-

time grid events. From the Paris Louvre

museum and Beijing’s “Bird’s Nest” stadium

to quick service restaurants and public

schools, over 300,000 buildings around the

world rely on Echelon to keep occupants

comfortable, safe, and productive — while

reducing energy use and their carbon

footprint.

With more than 20 years of real-world experience in the buildings

industry, Echelon delivers benefits over the life of the building that

often extends well beyond the intent of the original design.

Echelon’s Smart Building Solution is a proven, open standard and

multi-application platform. The key benefits of the solution include:

Smart Control

Echelon’s energy control networking platform relies on the LonWorks® standard for

smart control networks. Smart control systems are used almost everywhere – in smart

cities, smart buildings, smart meters, smart grids – virtually everything that goes into

them and then some. Many of these systems reduce energy use as a primary

attribute, while many others use smart control to enable their core functionality – like

fire detection and suppression, access control systems, pitch control in helicopter

blades, asset and inventory control, and conveyor systems. With smart control you get

high reliability, lower maintenance costs, low cost installation, and superior

performance.

Echelon’s LonWorks based control networking technologies have been proven in 100

million devices, 300,000 buildings, and in electricity meters connecting 35 million

homes to the grid. The LonWorks open standard that underlies our technology is

accepted worldwide (ISO/IEC 14908-1), and it enables applications that turn diverse

products into systems that increase energy efficiency and make people safer, more

comfortable, or more productive.

LonWorks® StandardsOpen Standard

LonWorks is an ISO/IEC standard consisting of the

following parts:

ISO/IEC 14908-1. Communication protocol

ISO/IEC 14908-2. Twisted-pair wire signaling technology

ISO/IEC 14908-3. Power line signaling technology

ISO/IEC 14908-4. IP compatibility (tunneling) technology

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

SMART GRID

Job No

1584


DWG UD I0100.81/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3





TRANS LTD

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

Echelon’s smart building solution delivers a suite of tools and product offerings for OEMs, building owners, specification writers, integrators, and energy management application developers. The solution enables building professionals to integrate the world’s leading devices, applications, and building automation standards (LonWorks and BACnet), to architect energy-efficient buildings that are grid-aware and can respond dynamically to emerging grid requirements. Echelon Smart Transceivers (for OEMS)Our free-topology twisted pair smart transceivers have been embedded in millions building automation devices such as sensors, thermostats, motion detectors, air handlers, and chillers. Cost effective with an ISO/IEC 14908 optimized 8-bit application microprocessor and an ISO/IEC 14908.2 (free-topology twisted pair) transceiver, our smart transceivers eliminate wiring errors, are extremely noise immune, highly reliable, polarity insensitive and do not require either complex network termination or expensive network cable shielding.

Echelon SmartServer Controller (for OEMs and System Integrators)Echelon’s SmartServer building controller — a system manager and field controller integral to any smart building installation. Echelon’s SmartServer provides the functionality required for high-performance building networks and smart-energy applications and can also serve as a standalone controller for smaller networks. The Echelon SmartServer connects control networks to IP-based applications using SOAP/XML Web services and other open protocols such as LonWorks, BACnet (BACnet/IP) and Modbus (Modbus/IP). When serving as a BACnet/IP gateway, Echelon’s SmartServer supports BACnet user interfaces for integrated management of LonWorks networks.

By providing built-in apps for scheduling, trending, and alarming — and interfaces to other equipment, like Modbus-based air-handlers and electricity meters that provide pulse-count signals, Echelon’s SmartServer provides important functions to facility management, enterprise resource planning, or service provider software.

Echelon’s OpenLNS Operating System (for Software Developers and System Integrators)Echelon’s OpenLNS network operating system, development and integration tools, ensures openness. Building owners can change service providers as needed, and leverage competitive bidding because all the necessary information about the network is maintained in the building owner's OpenLNS database.

With a rich community of software developers at leading building automation system (BAS) manufacturers, well over 300 plug-ins have been built to help installers more easily commission, configure, monitor, control, diagnose or repair any LonWorks devices. These applications can implement a wide range of policies determined by the building professional to balance comfort and energy savings, including how to respond to a request from the grid for energy reduction or a signal from the grid with variable pricing.

The OpenLNS network operating system released January 2013 eliminates commissioning fees, device credits, and royalties entirely and supports all ISO/IEC 14908-1, 14908-2, 14908-3, and 14908-4 compliant devices, routers, and network interfaces. The OpenLNS Server accelerates the creation of powerful OpenLNS based grid and enterprise apps for smart, grid-aware buildings.

Intelligence at the Edge

Energy control networking applications require intelligent decision making to deal with failure conditions and other anomalous

situations. The traditional approach to decision making is to concentrate all intelligence and decision making at a central control

center, and to view the distributed elements of the control network simply as dumb producers, consumers, and transporters of raw

data. However, in our view, distributing and pushing intelligence and decision making to the edge is required to transform a basic

communications network into a multi-application control network that is more reliable, scalable, and responsive to local conditions.

Power Line Communications (PLC)

Power line communications (PLC) is a critical energy control networking technology for Smart Grid, Smart Cities, and Smart

Buildings applications. PLC has many advantages over other wired and wireless communication methods. However, PLC technology

must overcome some significant technical challenges to be practical. Echelon’s experience and unique innovations allow us to offer

the world’s most proven, open standard, and multi-application PLC technology.

Echelon power line transceivers can be used in the CENELEC A-band and CENELEC C-band. The A-band is reserved by law in

CENELEC regulated countries for the exclusive use of utilities and their licensees. The C-band is available for consumer and

commercial use without restriction, but a common access protocol and co-existence protocol is mandated. When used in A-band

mode, Echelon's transceiver supports two channels within this band, one centered at 75 KHz and the other at 86KHz. WHen used in

C-band mode, Echelon's transceiver also supports two channels, one centered at 115KHz and the other centered at 132KHz. The

rationale for two channels is that if one is blocked, it is unlikely that the other is blocked by a harmonic of the power line impairment.

Advantages of PLC TechnologyPLC is appealing because there is no need to run additional wires to powered devices. PLC can also work where radio frequency

(RF) cannot. For example smart meters in the basement of a building basement are unlikely to be able to use RF to communicate

with the neighborhood data concentrator. PLC communication on the other hand can traverse the power wires to reach the data

concentrator.

For these reasons most utilities around the world have chosen PLC for their smart grid projects, and most cities have chosen PLC

for their smart street light projects.

Smart Street LightingPublic lighting accounts for an estimated 30% of city expenditures and a significant portion of greenhouse gas emissions. Replacing

high energy-consuming luminaries with high-efficiency ones improves the situation, but the greatest benefits are achieved with a

proven, open standard, multi-application control network, as these customer stories show.

SMART GRID

Job No

1584


DWG UD I0100.91/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3





TRANS LTD

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

Smart Buildings

Automated building-system suppliers and original equipment

manufacturers rely on Echelon's products and technology to provide

energy- and cost-savings for their customers. Here are few of their

stories.

Honeywell Enables Accurate Tenant Billing, Reduced Staffing Costs

Honeywell Delivers Safety and Savings to Italian Media Company

Johnson Controls Saves Energy, Establishes Benchmark for U.S. Army's

Fort Hood

Johnson Controls Modernizes Manhattan Landmark, Saves Energy,

Increases Tenant Satisfaction

Philips Lighting Slashs Customer Energy Costs by Up to 50%

When our control networking products are used to automate building

systems, results usually include reduced energy consumption and

maintenance costs and improved occupant safety and building comfort.

These stories describe only a few of the hundreds of successful building

automation installations that rely on our LonWorks®-based technologies.

Alcampo Grocery Chain Cuts Energy Costs 20%

The Balanced Office Building Cuts HVAC, Lighting Costs 80%

Geriatric Center Cuts Energy Use Over 50%

DaimlerChrysler European Headquarters Saves Energy, Speeds Opening

The Harker School's Students See Immediate Energy Savings

Ibbenbüren Hospital Meets Stringent Operating Room Requirements

National Resources Defense Council Wins Green Building Award

Parking Garage Lowers Maintenance Costs 30%, Energy Use 15%

School Uses Online Energy Data to Motivate Students to Conserve

Smart Grids-Cities-Buildings

We are VAR System Integrator

TY

PIC

AL E

XC

EL-5

00

0 C

ON

FIG

UR

ATIO

N

SG-3

SMART GRID

Job No

1584


DWG UD I0100.101/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3





TRANS LTD

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

TYPICAL WEB SMART BUILDING CONTROL SYSTEM

TYPICAL LIGHT SMART BUILDING CONTROL SYSTEM

SMART GRIDS-CITIES-BUILDINGS

SMART GRID

Job No

1584


DWG UD I0100.111/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3





TRANS LTD

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

Driving Industrialization of KazakhstanRENEWABLE ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY

RENEWABLE ENERGY OFFERS

PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS

WE STRUCTURE SMART SYSTEM GRID AND INTEGRATE RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES WITH NATIONAL POWER SYSTEM SMART WAY.

At Onyx Solar we develop building integrated photovoltaic

materials which are used for the replacement of conventional

construction materials from different parts of the building’s exterior

such as roofs, skylights, windows or façades.

At Onyx Solar we are committed to the study and start-up of

energy eficient measures and sustainable technologies which

will allow us to retroit existing buildings and to design new

eco- friendly projects. Our philosophy consists of developing

unique and elegant solutions for architectural integration, by

combining both thermal optimization and photovoltaic

generation.

Our Building Integrated Photovoltaics –BIPV- systems can turn the

roof, the windows or the curtain wall of a building into a complete,

multifunctional, high-performing, solar-energy power plant. Onyx

Solar counts on the most extensive and innovative approach to

design and implement BIPV applications.

Job No

1584


DWG UD I0100.121/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3





TRANS LTD

AMS KAZAKHSTANONYXSOLAR

Electricity production,Energy savings due to insulation properties (up to 40%)

UV and IR filtration

No limits of color or semi transperancy

Colored Semi-Transparent Photovoltaic Glass.We have patented a wide range of colorful semitransparent photovoltaic glass, now

available to be integrated as an artistic colored PV skylight, curtain wall, balcony or any other multifunctional constructive solution.

Normally they consist of an external photovoltaic laminated glass of 0.24, 0.32, 0.40, 0.47, 0.59, 0.75 in (6, 8, 10, 12, 15 or 19 mm)thick, an air

chamber of 16 mm for a greater thermal insulation performance, and an inner pane of 6 mm thick glass.

At Onyx Solar, we cooperate with several partners from the

industry, so we have no limitations regarding the adaptation of

size and thickness of the photovoltaic solutions in order to meet

the requirements of each project. In this way, we can reach sizes

up to 118 Sq Ft (11 sqm) (98 x 177in (2,500 x 4,500 mm),

depending on the photovoltaic technology used).

Infinite combinations of photovoltaic glass: choose your color, pattern, transparency degree,

thickness and size. It has never been so easy, smart, attainable and fun integrating solar

photovoltaic energy into a building.

No limits of color or semi transperancy

Job No

1584


DWG UD I0100.131/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3





TRANS LTD


Job No

1584


DWG UD I0100.141/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3





TRANS LTD


AMS KAZAKHSTAN

Slip-Resistant Photo Voltaic Floor that can be featured in any color evenretroilluminated.

Modular Photo Voltaic Sky-Light100% Customized Photo Voltaic Glass for your tailor made projects

Colored Semi-

Transparent

Photovoltaic Glass.

We have patented a wide

range of colorful

semitransparent

photovoltaic glass, now

available to be integrated

as an artistic colored PV

skylight, curtain wall,

balcony or any other

multifunctional

constructive solution.

Photo Voltaic Roof Panels combining ultra-violent filter and heat and sound insulation

Job No

1584


DWG UD I0100.151/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3





TRANS LTD

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

A photovoltaic (PV) power system:

Generates electricity through the use of PV panels (also known as solar panels).

Charges batteries that store the electricity.

Converts electricity to standard, household alternating current (AC).

The system shown above is isolated from any sources of outside electricity. For this reason, it is known as an "off-

grid" system. This is the type of system in Maryland LEAFHouse. However, a home does not need to be powered

exclusively by solar energy to take advantage of its benefits.

Two options are available to homeowners who live in an area where utility grid electricity is available. These systems

are known as "grid-tied" or "utility-interactive."

The grid-tied option is less expensive and has no battery bank; electricity from the PV panels goes directly to the

inverter. When the PV panels generate more electricity than is needed by the home, the excess electricity is fed into

the utility grid. The house electric meter runs backward, and the local power company effectively buys the surplus

energy from the homeowner. At night and other times when the home needs more electricity than the PV panels can

provide, normal grid electricity is used. The inverter controls the use of PV and grid electricity seamlessly.

The utility-interactive option has a PV system with batteries and a charge controller, essentially an off-grid system, but

provide a connection to the utility grid as well. If the PV panels and batteries cannot generate and store enough

electricity for the home, grid electricity is used.

The advantage to grid-tied systems is that homeowners can take advantage of solar energy, without having to worry

about long periods without sufficient sunlight, and without having to buy a large bank of batteries.

Federal, state and local government programs currently provide monetary incentives to homeowners who wish to

install PV systems. These programs offer grants and tax-credits that pay a significant portion of the up-front system

cost. A comprehensive list of state incentives can be found on the Database of State Incentives for Renewable

Energy (DSIRE).

Please read ahead for descriptions of the components that make up a PV system, from the sun to the electrical outlet!

http://www.onyxsolar.com/onyxsolar-bipv-

solutions.html?gclid=CNaLyLGjv7wCFeWQcgodom4ALw http://www.onyxsolardownloads.com/docs/OnyxSolar-Corporate-Brochure-BIPV-Bureau-EN.pdf

ONYXSOLAR

Job No

1584


DWG UD I0100.161/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3


The la

st W

orld

Expo w

as h

eld

in S

hanghai in

2010 a

nd it fe

atu

red a

ple

thora

of a

mazin

g d

esig

ns a

nd e

co-th

em

ed p

avilio

ns fro

m a

round th

e w

orld

. Unfo

rtunate

ly, m

any o

f the p

avilio

ns w

ere

rem

oved a

fter th

e e

vent. T

he n

ext W

orld

Expo w

ill be h

eld

in A

sta

na, K

azakhsta

n in

2017. T

he e

xpo’s

goal is

to c

reate

a s

ite th

at w

ill cre

ate

a le

gacy fo

r the c

ity b

y p

rovid

ing n

ew

housin

g, o

ffices, c

om

merc

ial fa

cilitie

s a

nd re

searc

h la

bora

torie

s fo

r the b

ette

rment o

f the a

rea.

The c

ity a

nd e

xpo le

aders

are

stro

ngly

focused o

n re

new

able

energ

y a

nd s

usta

inability

. The P

resid

ent o

f Kazakhsta

n N

ursu

ltan

Nazarb

ayev e

xpla

ined, “T

he th

em

e o

f our e

xhib

ition is

clo

sely

rela

ted to

‘green

eco

no

my’, w

hic

h ta

kes in

to a

ccount th

e p

ossib

ility o

f usin

g a

ltern

ativ

e e

nerg

y s

ourc

es a

nd th

e a

uto

nom

ous w

ate

r and h

eat p

rovis

ion in

each o

f the c

onstru

ctio

ns.” C

om

petito

rs w

ere

asked to

make s

ure

their d

esig

n fe

ll under th

e th

em

e o

f ‘Futu

re E

nerg

y’ a

nd a

ddre

ss k

ey c

oncepts

like, re

new

able

energ

y, e

lectric

transport, e

nerg

y s

ecurity

, CO

2 e

mis

sio

ns re

ductio

n a

nd e

nerg

y e

fficie

ncy.

An in

tern

atio

nal c

om

petitio

n w

as h

eld

in th

e s

prin

g o

f 2013 a

nd o

ver 1

00 firm

s s

ubm

itted p

roposals

. 46 w

ere

shortlis

ted a

nd firm

s fro

m o

ver 2

0 c

ountrie

s, in

clu

din

g lo

cal firm

s fro

m K

azahksta

n, a

re re

pre

sente

d. T

he o

rganiz

ing c

om

mitte

e w

ill sele

ct a

win

nin

g te

am

in S

epte

mber a

nd a

ward

them

a w

innin

g p

rize o

f £150,0

00. S

ee a

ll the e

ntrie

s h

ere

.Sale

s p

eople

really

go to

tow

n a

bout w

hic

h is

the b

est ty

pe o

f sola

r panel a

nd try

to m

ake o

ut v

ario

us re

asons w

hy th

eir P

V p

anels

are

best.

There

are

diffe

rences b

etw

een th

e v

ario

us ty

pes o

f panel, th

at a

re w

orth

know

ing a

bout b

ut, in

the e

nd, it is

the to

tal o

vera

ll pow

er th

at m

akes th

e b

iggest d

iffere

nce. A

3kW

syste

m w

ill genera

te a

very

sim

ilar a

mount o

f ele

ctric

ity w

heth

er it is

3kW

of p

oly

, mono, th

in film

or h

ybrid

panels

. The “p

anel e

fficie

ncy” q

uote

d b

y m

anufa

ctu

rers

has v

ery

little b

earin

g o

n th

e a

nnual g

enera

tion, it ju

st a

ffects

how

much ro

of s

pace is

needed fo

r the s

am

e p

ow

ere

d s

yste

m –

read

a fu

ll exp

lan

atio

n o

f the m

ean

ing

of p

an

el e

fficie

ncy.

My s

imple

sum

mary

of th

e d

iffere

nces b

etw

een p

anels

would

be:

Most c

rysta

lline m

odule

s (w

heth

er m

onocry

sta

lline o

r poly

cry

sta

lline) w

ill perfo

rm in

a v

ery

sim

ilar w

ay in

the U

K a

nd w

ill take u

p ro

ughly

the s

am

e s

pace o

n y

our ro

of. S

o, ig

nore

the s

ale

s-s

peak a

nd c

hoose a

manufa

ctu

rer th

at y

ou a

re c

onfid

ent in

for th

e lo

ng te

rm w

ith g

ood w

arra

nty

term

s a

nd s

om

e p

roven h

isto

ry o

f quality

and re

liability

and y

ou w

ill be fin

e.




TRANS LTD

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

There are number of different types of solar panel, from an ever increasing range of manufacturers. Each claims that they are best for one reason or another, with different sales people all giving different information. We are not tied to any particular manufacturer and do not hold stocks of solar panels, so that we are flexible enough to be able to recommend whichever solar panel we think is best for your project and can just order and fit the type of panel you prefer.

This means that we are able to give completely independent advice about our views on different panels and, hopefully, help you distinguish the sales blarney from the real facts.

Polycrystalline vs Monocrystalline vs Hybrid

Sales people really go to town about which is the best type of solar panel and try to make out various reasons why their PV panels are best.

There are differences between the various types of panel, that are worth knowing about but, in the end, it is the total overall power that makes the biggest difference. A 3kW system will generate a very similar amount of electricity whether it is 3kW of poly, mono, thin film or hybrid panels. The “panel efficiency” quoted by manufacturers has very little bearing on the annual generation, it just affects how much roof space is needed for the same powered system – read a full explanation of the meaning of panel efficiency.

My simple summary of the differences between panels would be:

Most crystalline modules (whether monocrystalline or polycrystalline) will perform in a very similar way in the UK and will take up roughly

Sales people really go to town about which is the best type of solar panel and try to make out various reasons why their PV panels are best.

There are differences between the various types of panel, that are worth knowing about but, in the end, it is the total overall power that makes the biggest difference. A 3kW system will generate a very similar amount of electricity whether it is 3kW of poly, mono, thin film or hybrid panels. The “panel efficiency” quoted by manufacturers has very little bearing on the annual generation, it just affects how much roof space is needed for the same powered system – read a full explanation of the meaning of panel efficiency.

My simple summary of the differences between panels would be:

Most crystalline modules (whether monocrystalline or polycrystalline) will perform in a very similar way in the UK and will take up roughly the same space on your roof. So, ignore the sales-speak and choose a manufacturer that you are confident in for the long term with good warranty terms and some proven history of quality and reliability and you will be fine.Monocrystalline Panels

The solar cells in monocrystalline panels are slices cut from pure drawn crystalline silicon bars. The entire cell is aligned in one direction, which means that when the sun is shining brightly on them at the correct angle, they are extremely efficient. So, these panels work best in bright sunshine with the sun shining directly on them. They have a uniform blacker colour because they are absorbing most of the light.

Pure cells are octagonal, so there is unused space in the corners when lots of cells are made into a solar module. Mono mono panels are slightly smaller than poly panels for the same power, but this is only really noticeable on industrial scale installations where you may be able to fit a higher overall power with monocrystalline.

The cost of producing pure silicon wafers is a little more than for polycrystalline cells but generally there is not much

difference in price these days.

Polycrsytalline Panels (also known as multicrystalline)Polycrystalline panels are made up from the silicon offcuts, moulded to form blocks and create a cell made up of several bits of pure crystal. Because the individual crystals are not necessarily all perfectly aligned together and there are losses at the joints between them, they are not quite as efficient. However, this mis-alignment can help in some circumstances, because the cells work better from light at all angles, in low light, etc. For this reason, I would argue that polycrystalline is slightly better suited to the UK’s duller conditions, but the difference is marginal.

The appearance is also different – you can see the random crystal arrangement and the panels look a little bluer as they reflect some of the light.

Since they are cut into rectangular blocks, there is very little wasted space on the panel and you do not see the little diamonds that are typical of mono or hybrid panels. Some people prefer this more uniform appearance, others like the diamonds. The choice is yours because the overall size and cost is very similar to monocrystalline.

Hybrid Panels – eg Panasonic (Sanyo) HIT

The main manufacturer of hybrid panels is Panasonic (formerly Sanyo). Their HIT module which has a thin layer of amorphous solar film behind the monocrystalline cells. The extra amorphous layer extracts even more energy from the available sunlight, particularly in low light conditions. These are the most efficient panels available, so they take up the least space on your roof.

Unless you have a very small roof and want to extract the maximum amount of energy from it, we would not recommend using the hybrid panels at the moment. Hybrid panels are a lot more expensive than mono or poly-crystalline panels, so that the increase in energy produced does not justify the extra cost of buying them. Never choose hybrid panels if there

Job No

1584


DWG UD I0100.171/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3





TRANS LTD

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

is space on your roof to fit the same amount of power with crystalline panels, otherwise you will just be paying a lot more to generate the same amount of electricity

Black Frames and Black Backed Panels

For some reason in our crazy UK market, many people are now offering completely black panels, not only with black frames, but also with a black backing behind the cells instead of the traditional white. It is true that these do give a much better appearance, particularly on slate roofs or old traditional cottages with dark coloured plain tiles.

However, the problem with having a black backing, is that black absorbs light and heat from the sun. this means that you do not get the extra benefit of some of the sunlight being reflected back onto the cells by the backing material. Also, the panels get hotter. Solar cells, like most electrical equipment, are more efficient when they are cooler, so that panels with black backs are always going to perform less effectively than ones with standard white backing.

If you are concerned about the appearance on your property, then we would recommend having a halfway house of using a panel with black anodised outer frame, instead of standard aluminium, but still have a white backing material. REC, as an example, have told us that they are not even going to produce a black backed module, because their main concern is always to try to improve the electricity that their PV panels generate and black backing is a retrograde step.

Job No

1584


DWG UD I0100.181/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3





TRANS LTD

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

Driving Industrialization of KazakhstanRENEWABLE ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY

RENEWABLE ENERGY OFFERS

WIND TURBINES

WE STRUCTURE SMART SYSTEM GRID AND INTEGRATE RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES WITH NATIONAL POWER SYSTEM SMART WAY.

Job No

1584


DWG UD I0100.191/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3





TRANS LTD

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

Job No

1584


DWG UD I0100.201/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3





TRANS LTD

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

Job No

9221


DWG UD I0100.211/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3





TRANS LTD

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

Job No

1584


DWG UD I0100.221/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3





TRANS LTD

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

Job No

1584


DWG UD I0100.231/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3





TRANS LTD

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

Job No

1584


DWG UD I0100.241/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3





TRANS LTD

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

Job No

1584


DWG UD I0100.251/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3





TRANS LTD

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

Job No

1584


DWG UD I0100.261/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3





TRANS LTD

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

HV GRID OVER HEAD 154 kV

SOLAR FARM 25%

WIND FARM 34%

SOLAR THERMAL PLANT

HYDRO ELECTRIC

POWER PLANT

52%

20%

COMBINED CYCLE

GAS POWER PLANT

87%

BIO MASS

ELECTRIC GENERATION

83%

WORK STATIONS

EXPO 2017

+ -

Job No

1584


DWG UD I0100.271/1 00 A

Scale

N/S

Appr.

S.Cetin

Check

O.SONGUR

DrawnDate


Rev

Rev-1

Rev-2

Rev-3





TRANS LTD

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

http://www.aimsmartbuilding.com/aimnetis.html

Total System Levelized Cost (the rightmost column) gives the dollar cost per megawatt-hour that must be charged over time in order to pay for the total cost. These calculations reflect an adjustment to account for the high level of carbon dioxide produced by coal plants. From the EIA report:"a 3-percentage point increase in the cost of capital is added when evaluating investments in greenhouse gas (GHG) intensive technologies like coal-fired power and coal-to-liquids (CTL) plants without carbon control and sequestration (CCS). While the 3-percentage point adjustment is somewhat arbitrary, in levelized cost terms its impact is similar to that of a $15 per metric ton of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions fee. ... As a result, the levelized capital costs of coal-fired plants without CCS are higher than would otherwise be expected."[11]No tax credits or incentives are incorporated in the tables. From the EIA report (emphasis added):"Levelized cost ... represents the per-kilowatthour cost (in real dollars) of building and operating a generating plant over an assumed financial life and duty cycle. Key inputs to calculating levelized costs include overnight capital costs, fuel costs, fixed and variable operations and maintenance (O&M) costs, financing costs, and an assumed utilization rate for each plant type/. ... The availability of various incentives, including state or federal tax credits, can also impact the calculation of levelized cost. The values shown in the tables in this discussion do not incorporate any such incentives."[11]All generating types are assumed to have the same 30-year cost recovery period, regardless of the expected lifetime of the plant. From the EIA report:"The levelized cost shown for each utility-scale generation technology in the tables in this discussion are calculated based on a 30-year cost recovery period, using a real after tax weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of 6.6 percent. I"[11]Incentives, tax credits, production mandates, etc. are discussed in the overall comprehensive EIA report: "Annual Energy Outlook 2012".[12][13][14]Photovoltaics (solar PV) can be used both by distributed residential or commercial users and utility scale power plants. The costs shown are for utility scale photovoltaic power plants.[15]

http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/capitalcost/

driving industrialization of kazakhstan - pakpas energy presentations/1.ams... · 2017-08-09 ·...

Documents