dramatic literature

Dramatic Dramatic LiteratureLiteratureUnderstanding Understanding

dramatic literature dramatic literature and the art of and the art of theatretheatre

California English Language Arts Standard for Reading

3.1 Articulate the relationship between the expressed purposes and the characteristic of different forms of dramatic literature.

Masks of the Italian Renaissance Commedia dell ‘Arte

What are plays anyway?What are plays anyway?

Stories acted out!Stories acted out!

On stage!On stage!

Live!Live!

How do plays differ from How do plays differ from stories?stories?

Stories are prose narrativesStories are prose narratives Stories utilize narrators to describe characters, Stories utilize narrators to describe characters,

actions, and settingactions, and setting Plays consist entirely of characters’ words and Plays consist entirely of characters’ words and

actionsactions Playwrights describe setting and actions in Playwrights describe setting and actions in

italics, but the audience never “hears” the italics, but the audience never “hears” the descriptionsdescriptions

Directors and actors interpret the literatureDirectors and actors interpret the literature

Structure of DramaStructure of Drama

Plot of play follows the rise-Plot of play follows the rise-and-fall structure similar to and-fall structure similar to storiesstories

Plot of play is set in motion by Plot of play is set in motion by an inciting incidentan inciting incident

The inciting incident causes The inciting incident causes conflictconflict

Internal and external conflict Internal and external conflict create tension create tension

Conflicts grow more Conflicts grow more complicatedcomplicated

Tension reaches a climaxTension reaches a climax Conflict resolves and action Conflict resolves and action

winds downwinds down

Features of TragedyFeatures of Tragedy

Roots of tragedy lie in Ancient Greece Roots of tragedy lie in Ancient Greece as part of religious festivalsas part of religious festivals

Tragedy presents serious and important Tragedy presents serious and important actions that typically end unhappily actions that typically end unhappily (tragically, that is)(tragically, that is)

Central character is a noble figure, Central character is a noble figure, known as the tragic hero/heroineknown as the tragic hero/heroine

Tragic hero/heroine possesses a Tragic hero/heroine possesses a tragic tragic flawflaw, or , or hubrishubris

Hubris, a personal flaw such as Hubris, a personal flaw such as excessive pride, passion or rebellion, excessive pride, passion or rebellion, lead the tragic character to make lead the tragic character to make choices that lead to doomchoices that lead to doom

Catharsis, a cleansing of emotionsCatharsis, a cleansing of emotions

Greek tragic mask in terracotta

Features of ComedyFeatures of Comedy Comedies do more than make us laughComedies do more than make us laugh Comedies also make us think and help Comedies also make us think and help

us question issues of relevanceus question issues of relevance Central characters are from any social Central characters are from any social

class- princes, towns people, servantsclass- princes, towns people, servants Characters possess flawsCharacters possess flaws Flawed characters see error of their Flawed characters see error of their

ways ways Order is restoredOrder is restored

Greek Comic Mask depicted in tile mosaic

Tragedy vs. ComedyTragedy vs. Comedy

Tragedy and comedy BOTH Tragedy and comedy BOTH rooted in conflictrooted in conflict

Conflict in COMEDIES typically Conflict in COMEDIES typically related to romance and layered related to romance and layered with confusion and complicationwith confusion and complication

Complications involve Complications involve misunderstandings, mistaken misunderstandings, mistaken identity, disguises, and identity, disguises, and transformationstransformations

Traditional Comedy and Tragedy masks

Modern Dramatic Modern Dramatic LiteratureLiterature

No clear distinctions between No clear distinctions between tragedy and comedytragedy and comedy

Comic moments are mixed Comic moments are mixed with tragic momentswith tragic moments

Modern drama focuses on the Modern drama focuses on the personal and domestic issuespersonal and domestic issues

Characters are easily Characters are easily identified withidentified with

Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller

Movies & TheatreMovies & Theatre

Two completely different art formsTwo completely different art forms Theatre is a verbal mediumTheatre is a verbal medium Movies are a visual mediumMovies are a visual medium Theatre offers concentration, intensity, Theatre offers concentration, intensity,

and involvementand involvement Movies rely on imagesMovies rely on images Film versions of theatre miss a major Film versions of theatre miss a major

aspect of the performance- the audienceaspect of the performance- the audience

Theatre Arts Theatre Arts Brings Dramatic Brings Dramatic Literature to Literature to LifeLife


3.10 Identify and describe the function of dialogue, scene designs, soliloquies, asides, and character foils in dramatic literature.

Theatre as ArtTheatre as Art

Dramatic literature is meant for performanceDramatic literature is meant for performance Directors, designers, and actors translate Directors, designers, and actors translate

playwright’s intentionsplaywright’s intentions Performance take place on various styles of Performance take place on various styles of

stages, from grand or intimate spacesstages, from grand or intimate spaces Audiences become part of the live action of the Audiences become part of the live action of the

play, unlike any other artistic mediumplay, unlike any other artistic medium

Interpreting the Drama: Interpreting the Drama: The Director’s TaskThe Director’s Task

Studies the play for meaningStudies the play for meaning Forms a vision and conceptForms a vision and concept Communicates to designers who will Communicates to designers who will

carry out the production’s conceptcarry out the production’s concept Helps the actor discover how to Helps the actor discover how to

interpret the lines- what the words interpret the lines- what the words mean, why the character says them, mean, why the character says them, and what the character feelsand what the character feels

Is willing to step back and let the Is willing to step back and let the artists create a piece of living, artists create a piece of living, breathing art on stagebreathing art on stage

Does NOT play all-controlling God-Does NOT play all-controlling God-like figure as is commonly thoughtlike figure as is commonly thought

Kenneth Branaugh as Hamlet

Set DesignSet Design

Set design driven by play’s theme, Set design driven by play’s theme, setting, and/or moodsetting, and/or mood

In Shakespeare’s time, t he set was In Shakespeare’s time, t he set was simply the backdrop of the theatrical simply the backdrop of the theatrical buildingbuilding

Today, set design transforms space Today, set design transforms space using realistic, abstract, or minimalist using realistic, abstract, or minimalist conceptsconcepts

Spaces are altered using turntables, Spaces are altered using turntables, hydraulic lifts, conveyer beltshydraulic lifts, conveyer beltsWaiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett

Lighting DesignLighting Design

Natural light used during Ancient Natural light used during Ancient Greece, Medieval, and Renaissance Greece, Medieval, and Renaissance period (300 B.C.- 1500 A.D.)period (300 B.C.- 1500 A.D.)

Candle lighting used during Candle lighting used during Neoclassical period through the Neoclassical period through the Romantic period (late 1600’s up Romantic period (late 1600’s up though the late 1800’s)though the late 1800’s)

Electric lighting debuted at the turn of Electric lighting debuted at the turn of the century and is still being refined the century and is still being refined (1900-present day)(1900-present day)

Romeo and Juliet

Costume DesignCostume Design

Costumes must reflect the Costumes must reflect the character’s social position, character’s social position, profession, and historical contextprofession, and historical context

Costumes can become symbolic Costumes can become symbolic through color, design, style, or motifthrough color, design, style, or motif

Designers will pay attention to the Designers will pay attention to the play’s theme and listen to the play’s theme and listen to the director’s conceptdirector’s concept

Designs can be realistic, minimalist, Designs can be realistic, minimalist, or even mix time periods for an or even mix time periods for an effect of timelessnesseffect of timelessness

Make-Up DesignMake-Up Design

Reveals all aspects of Reveals all aspects of character from age, status, character from age, status, health, and even moodhealth, and even mood

Hides an actor’s flaws Hides an actor’s flaws (corrective)(corrective)

Plays up an actor’s best Plays up an actor’s best qualities (glamorize)qualities (glamorize)

Works with director’s visionWorks with director’s vision Realistic, fantastical, Realistic, fantastical,

character, symboliccharacter, symbolic

Cats

PropertiesProperties

Items on stage carried or handled Items on stage carried or handled by actorsby actors

Props include swords, food items, Props include swords, food items, letter, books, scepters, goblets, letter, books, scepters, goblets, umbrellasumbrellas

Props must work with set, Props must work with set, costumes, lighting to create a costumes, lighting to create a unified effectunified effect

Unity sustains the audiences’ Unity sustains the audiences’ belief in the play’s “reality”belief in the play’s “reality”

Braveheart

The Actor’s TasksThe Actor’s Tasks

Analyzes the play from the Analyzes the play from the point of view of their point of view of their charactercharacter

Understands what motivates Understands what motivates their charactertheir character

Fills out the emotional and Fills out the emotional and physical life of the part on physical life of the part on stagestage

Lives the life of the character Lives the life of the character on stageon stage

King Lear

Characters OnstageCharacters Onstage

Conversation is called Conversation is called dialoguedialogue MonologuesMonologues are spoken by one character are spoken by one character

to one or more characters onstageto one or more characters onstage SoliloquiesSoliloquies are speeches given by one are speeches given by one

character on stage, alonecharacter on stage, alone AsidesAsides are spoken directly to the audience are spoken directly to the audience Stage directionsStage directions are written into the script are written into the script

in italics, and suggest action and in italics, and suggest action and movementmovement

Character foilsCharacter foils are characters who are are characters who are used in contrast to another character used in contrast to another character (cynical Mercutio is a foil to the romantic (cynical Mercutio is a foil to the romantic Romeo)Romeo)

Richard III

What is the first What is the first thing that comes to thing that comes to

mind when I say mind when I say

“Shakespeare“Shakespeare?”?”

Features of PlaysFeatures of Plays

SexSex DrugsDrugs Gratuitous violenceGratuitous violence

No, really…No, really…

Wit and puns laced with multiple Wit and puns laced with multiple meaningsmeanings

Drinking, parties, and mind-altering Drinking, parties, and mind-altering substancessubstances

Action, duels, murders, and suicidesAction, duels, murders, and suicides

William William ShakespeareShakespeare

California English Language Arts Standard for ReadingLiterary Criticism

3.12 Analyze the way in which a work of literature is related to the themes and issues of the historical period.

Sources of InformationSources of Information

Church documentsChurch documents Legal documentsLegal documents Real estate Real estate

transactionstransactions First-hand accounts First-hand accounts

Billy Boy

Shakespeare’s ChildhoodShakespeare’s Childhood Born April 23, 1564Born April 23, 1564 Birthplace in Stratford, a market Birthplace in Stratford, a market

town 100 miles northwest of town 100 miles northwest of LondonLondon

Father was a shopkeeper, served Father was a shopkeeper, served as glover, justice and bailiffas glover, justice and bailiff

William attended grammar school William attended grammar school until age 15until age 15

Studied Latin grammar, literature, Studied Latin grammar, literature, rhetoric (uses of language)rhetoric (uses of language)

Both sisters died of bubonic Both sisters died of bubonic plagueplague

Getting EstablishedGetting Established

Married Anne Hathaway when he Married Anne Hathaway when he was 18 on November 27, 1582was 18 on November 27, 1582

Woops baby (Susanna)Woops baby (Susanna) William moved to London after his William moved to London after his

third child was bornthird child was born 1592 he was established as an actor, 1592 he was established as an actor,

playwright, and poet in Londonplaywright, and poet in London 1594, was a member of the Lord 1594, was a member of the Lord

Chamberlain’s Men (later The King’s Chamberlain’s Men (later The King’s Men)Men)

An Active Theatrical An Active Theatrical CareerCareer

Established actor by age 28Established actor by age 28 Prolific playwright and poetProlific playwright and poet Wrote 37 plays, including masterpieces Wrote 37 plays, including masterpieces

such as such as Romeo and Juliet, Julius Romeo and Juliet, Julius Caesar, Macbeth, Caesar, Macbeth, andand King Lear King Lear

Retired in StratfordRetired in Stratford Died on April 23, 1616, at age 52Died on April 23, 1616, at age 52 Home burned by the Reverend Francis Home burned by the Reverend Francis

Gastrell, who was banished as a resultGastrell, who was banished as a result Plays still widely produced and loved Plays still widely produced and loved

world-wideworld-wide

Romeo and Juliet

Shakespeare’s StyleShakespeare’s Style

PunsPuns Blank verse (iambic pentameter)Blank verse (iambic pentameter) MetaphorsMetaphors Conceits (whimsical ideas)Conceits (whimsical ideas) SoliloquiesSoliloquies AsidesAsides Invented wordsInvented words

Shakespeare’s Shakespeare’s InspirationsInspirations

Other plays of the Italian RenaissanceOther plays of the Italian Renaissance Christopher Marlowe’s plays featuring Christopher Marlowe’s plays featuring

lives of kings lives of kings Poetry such as “The Tragicall History of Poetry such as “The Tragicall History of

Romeus and Juliet”Romeus and Juliet” Ancient Greek and Roman writers Ancient Greek and Roman writers

Seneca, Plautus, Ovid, PlutarchSeneca, Plautus, Ovid, Plutarch English historyEnglish history

The First FolioThe First Folio

The first 18 of Shakespeare’s plays were The first 18 of Shakespeare’s plays were published as Quartospublished as Quartos

Seven years after death, 36 of Seven years after death, 36 of Shakespeare’s plays appeared in a FolioShakespeare’s plays appeared in a Folio

First Folio had an introduction by Ben First Folio had an introduction by Ben JonsonJonson

Folio was published by John Heminges Folio was published by John Heminges and Henry Condelland Henry Condell

Renaissance PlaywrightsRenaissance Playwrights

LodgeLodge LylyLyly ChapmanChapman JohnsonJohnson BeaumontBeaumont GreeneGreene

FletcherFletcher HeywoodHeywood WebsterWebster KyoKyo DraytonDrayton MarstonMarston

Lasting InfluencesLasting Influences

English language forever changedEnglish language forever changed Words invented and added Words invented and added Phrases and ideas quoted dailyPhrases and ideas quoted daily Contributed 10 historical plays, 13 Contributed 10 historical plays, 13

comedies, 10 tragedies, 5 tragi-comediescomedies, 10 tragedies, 5 tragi-comedies Challenging acting roles coveted by Challenging acting roles coveted by

actors world-wideactors world-wide

Getting into Getting into the Lingothe Lingo

California English Language Arts Standard for Vocabulary

1.1 Identify and use the literal and figurative meanings of words and word derivations.

Features of Features of Shakespeare’s LanguageShakespeare’s Language

Early Modern English (sometimes called Early Modern English (sometimes called archaic language)archaic language)

Iambic pentameterIambic pentameter Emphasis on vowel sounds to Emphasis on vowel sounds to

communicate emotioncommunicate emotion Use of consonants to define harder Use of consonants to define harder

soundssounds Lots of spit!Lots of spit!

Archaic LanguageArchaic Language

Old words have new meanings Old words have new meanings Old words have disappeared from useOld words have disappeared from use Non-standard spellingNon-standard spelling Think creatively about archaic wordsThink creatively about archaic words Examine word rootsExamine word roots Play with the way words soundPlay with the way words sound Use your imaginationUse your imagination

What do you think this What do you think this means – literally?means – literally?

““The bawdy hand of the The bawdy hand of the dial dial

is now upon the prick of is now upon the prick of noon.”noon.”… and figuratively?

Iambic PentameterIambic Pentameter

Ten syllables per lineTen syllables per line Five feet per lineFive feet per line Unstressed syllable followed by a Unstressed syllable followed by a

stressed syllablestressed syllable Functions to identify key words and Functions to identify key words and

phrasesphrases Aids in expressive interpretations Aids in expressive interpretations

Shakespearean SayingsShakespearean Sayings

All that glitters is not gold. (All that glitters is not gold. (Merchant of Merchant of VeniceVenice))

All’s well that ends well. (All’s well that ends well. (titletitle)) Break the ice. (Break the ice. (Taming of the ShrewTaming of the Shrew)) Fool’s paradise. (Fool’s paradise. (Romeo and JulietRomeo and Juliet)) It was greek to me. (It was greek to me. (Julius CaesarJulius Caesar)) Knock, knock! Who’s there? (Knock, knock! Who’s there? (MacbethMacbeth)) Naked truth. (Naked truth. (Love’s Labours LostLove’s Labours Lost))

Shakespearean InsultsShakespearean Insults

(let’s invent a few!!!)(let’s invent a few!!!)

The RenaissanceThe Renaissance

History, Society, Culture in ContextHistory, Society, Culture in Context

Literary Criticism


1485-16251485-1625 Renaissance- re-birth and re-discovery of Renaissance- re-birth and re-discovery of

classical texts, and the creation of new arts classical texts, and the creation of new arts forms and literatureforms and literature

Reformation-King Henry VIII split from Roman Reformation-King Henry VIII split from Roman catholic Churchcatholic Church

Age of Exploration- new geographical Age of Exploration- new geographical discoveries and expansion of trade and discoveries and expansion of trade and commercecommerce

Age of Discovery- science (telescope, plantary Age of Discovery- science (telescope, plantary motion)motion)

Elizabethan Era- Named for Queen Elizabeth I, Elizabethan Era- Named for Queen Elizabeth I, great ruler and patron of the artsgreat ruler and patron of the arts

Elements of CultureElements of Culture

Social organizationSocial organization Customs and Customs and

traditionstraditions LanguageLanguage Arts and literatureArts and literature

ReligionReligion Forms of governmentForms of government Economic systemsEconomic systems

Historical Context Historical Context

Renaissance begins in ItalyRenaissance begins in Italy Role of geography in tradeRole of geography in trade Re-birthRe-birth HumanismHumanism

War delayed England’s entrance into the Renaissance War delayed England’s entrance into the Renaissance eraera England and France at war (100 years!)England and France at war (100 years!) England’s own Henry V crowned King of France England’s own Henry V crowned King of France

The royal Tudor family encouraged the arts to flourish The royal Tudor family encouraged the arts to flourish in Englandin England

Elizabeth I was on the English throne during the time of Elizabeth I was on the English throne during the time of ShakespeareShakespeare

Social OrganiztionSocial Organiztion

CosmologyCosmology World view shaped by Ptolemy (2World view shaped by Ptolemy (2ndnd century A.D.) who believed earth was center of universe century A.D.) who believed earth was center of universe Copernicus (1610) proved that sun is center of universeCopernicus (1610) proved that sun is center of universe

Universal hierarchy/chain of beingUniversal hierarchy/chain of being God, angels, men, women, animals, plants, rocksGod, angels, men, women, animals, plants, rocks Four Earthly elements (earth, air, water, fire)Four Earthly elements (earth, air, water, fire) Family structure (father first, primogeniture – oldest male offspring favored, females last) Family structure (father first, primogeniture – oldest male offspring favored, females last)

City vs. country lifeCity vs. country life 1563 London had 93,0001563 London had 93,000 1605 London grew to 224,0001605 London grew to 224,000 No sanitation; ditches as public toilets; carcasses in streetsNo sanitation; ditches as public toilets; carcasses in streets

HealthHealth Plague, smallpox, tuberculosis, open soresPlague, smallpox, tuberculosis, open sores Hunger and constant stomach painHunger and constant stomach pain Dental health (no toothbrushes for 100 more years!)Dental health (no toothbrushes for 100 more years!)

EducationEducation Latin and Greek in grammar school; school was from 7am to 5pm; few holidaysLatin and Greek in grammar school; school was from 7am to 5pm; few holidays

MarriageMarriage Maintained social order through arranged marriages for aritocracy; later marriages (25-29) limited Maintained social order through arranged marriages for aritocracy; later marriages (25-29) limited

childrenchildren Marriage for political alliance, not loveMarriage for political alliance, not love

Customs and TraditionsCustoms and Traditions

Bear and bull baitingBear and bull baiting CockfightingCockfighting Beer brawls and riotsBeer brawls and riots Witch burningWitch burning Public executionsPublic executions Severed heads on stakesSevered heads on stakes

LanguageLanguage

Early modern EnglishEarly modern English Mixed up wordsMixed up words Casual misspellingsCasual misspellings

Arts and LiteratureArts and Literature

Printing pressPrinting press Theatre the “den of sins”Theatre the “den of sins” Puritan clergy objectionsPuritan clergy objections

ReligionReligion

ReformationReformation Queen Mary I (Bloody Mary)Queen Mary I (Bloody Mary) Elizabeth IElizabeth I James IJames I

Forms of GovernmentForms of Government

Absolute monarchyAbsolute monarchy Divine Right of KingsDivine Right of Kings

EconomicsEconomics

ArtistrocratsArtistrocrats MerchantsMerchants Lower classesLower classes

Renaissance Renaissance TheatresTheatres


Literary Criticism


That’s Entertainment!That’s Entertainment!

Bear baitingBear baiting Bull baitingBull baiting Cock fightingCock fighting MusicMusic DancingDancing SmokingSmoking DrinkingDrinking EatingEating

““..whipping a blinded bear, which is ..whipping a blinded bear, which is performed by five or six men, performed by five or six men, standing in a circle of whips, standing in a circle of whips, which they exercise upon him which they exercise upon him without mercy. Although he without mercy. Although he cannot escape from them cannot escape from them because of his chain, he because of his chain, he nevertheless defends himself, nevertheless defends himself, vigorously throwing down all who vigorously throwing down all who come within his reach and are come within his reach and are not active enough to get out of it, not active enough to get out of it, tearing the whips out of their tearing the whips out of their hands and breaking them.” hands and breaking them.”

Paul Hentzner, Paul Hentzner, Travels in EnglandTravels in England, , 15981598

Elizabethan Actors KnewElizabethan Actors Knew

FencingFencing TumblingTumbling DancingDancing ElocutionElocution ActingActing MusicMusic

Theatres Abound!Theatres Abound!

The Theatre (the first)The Theatre (the first) The GlobeThe Globe The Black Friar’sThe Black Friar’s The SwanThe Swan The FortuneThe Fortune The RoseThe Rose The White HallThe White Hall The CurtainThe Curtain

The Black Friar’sThe Black Friar’s

Interior of Black Friar’sInterior of Black Friar’s

Theatre Influenced Shape Theatre Influenced Shape and Form of Playsand Form of Plays

Outdoor theatres placed in outdoor Outdoor theatres placed in outdoor courtyards of innscourtyards of inns

Temporary platform stage at one endTemporary platform stage at one end Audience would stand around the Audience would stand around the

raised platform or be seated in raised platform or be seated in balconiesbalconies

First permanent theatre in London built First permanent theatre in London built by Richard Burbage inspired by the by Richard Burbage inspired by the courtyard theatrescourtyard theatres

The Theatre was torn down in 1599, The Theatre was torn down in 1599, and the timbers used to build The and the timbers used to build The Globe TheatreGlobe Theatre

The Swan

Architecture of The GlobeArchitecture of The Globe

““Wooden O”Wooden O” Large, round (or polygonal) buildingLarge, round (or polygonal) building Three stories highThree stories high Large, raised platform stageLarge, raised platform stage Open-air courtyardOpen-air courtyard Back wall featured a curtained roomBack wall featured a curtained room Balcony or upper stage for acting and/or Balcony or upper stage for acting and/or

musiciansmusicians Trapdoors in platform used for ghosts Trapdoors in platform used for ghosts

and hell and hell

Features of The GlobeFeatures of The Globe

Lit by afternoon sunlightLit by afternoon sunlight No set pieces No set pieces Stage “set” by languageStage “set” by language Elaborate costumesElaborate costumes Multiple acting areas Multiple acting areas

(forestage, inner stage, (forestage, inner stage, upper stage)upper stage)

Shows lasted 2 ½ hoursShows lasted 2 ½ hours

Writing Writing ApplicationsApplicationsCalifornia English Language Arts Standard for Writing

2.2 Write responses to literature2.2 Write responses to literature

2.6 Write technical documents2.6 Write technical documents

Quick WriteQuick Write

Take a position on the following statement:Take a position on the following statement:

““Teenagers are not capable of Teenagers are not capable of experiencing true love. They are experiencing true love. They are

too young to understand what true too young to understand what true love means and are not ready for love means and are not ready for

long term relationships.”long term relationships.”

Julius CaesarJulius Caesar

History playHistory play Roman general and dictatorRoman general and dictator Plutarch (46-120) The Parallel Lives Plutarch (46-120) The Parallel Lives

(first appearing under the title The Lives (first appearing under the title The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans)of the Noble Grecians and Romans)

Elizabethans saw own culture mirrored in Elizabethans saw own culture mirrored in Greek and Roman history and cultureGreek and Roman history and culture

Rome in Caesar’s DayRome in Caesar’s Day

Continuous warContinuous war Powerful generalsPowerful generals Plundering of MediterraneanPlundering of Mediterranean ““private armies” subdued weaker countriesprivate armies” subdued weaker countries Territories ruled by Roman governors Territories ruled by Roman governors TaxesTaxes Generals battled for power Generals battled for power

Caesar and Pompey clash (49BC)Caesar and Pompey clash (49BC)

Caesar and PompeyCaesar and Pompey

Began in friendship Began in friendship Pompey married Caesar’s daughter from Pompey married Caesar’s daughter from

Caesar’s first marriageCaesar’s first marriage Formed the first triumvirate along with Formed the first triumvirate along with

Crassus in 60BCCrassus in 60BC Caesar departs for Gallic Wars for 8 Caesar departs for Gallic Wars for 8

years; amasses huge sums of moneyyears; amasses huge sums of money Caesar sends his riches to RomeCaesar sends his riches to Rome

Growing JealousiesGrowing Jealousies

Caesar’s daughter dies in 54bcCaesar’s daughter dies in 54bc Pompey threatened by Caesar’s powerPompey threatened by Caesar’s power Pompey and Roman Senate become worried about Caesar’s Pompey and Roman Senate become worried about Caesar’s

growing powergrowing power Senate demands Caesar returns to Rome and gives up his power…Senate demands Caesar returns to Rome and gives up his power…

but…but… Caesar went to Rome, chased Pompey all the way to EgyptCaesar went to Rome, chased Pompey all the way to Egypt Pompey is murdered before he could be capturedPompey is murdered before he could be captured Caesar lingers in Egypt for 9 monthsCaesar lingers in Egypt for 9 months

Has affair with 22 year-old CleopatraHas affair with 22 year-old Cleopatra Establishes her on throne of Egypt under his protectionEstablishes her on throne of Egypt under his protection

Caesar travels to Spain and defeats an army led by one of Caesar travels to Spain and defeats an army led by one of Pompey’s sonsPompey’s sons

The Unconquerable GodThe Unconquerable God

Caesar declared dictator for 10 yearsCaesar declared dictator for 10 years Made his supporters senators (Brutus)Made his supporters senators (Brutus) Obsessive desire for powerObsessive desire for power

Built a statue in honor of himself with Built a statue in honor of himself with inscription “To The Unconquerable God”inscription “To The Unconquerable God”

Romans became wary of his ambition, Romans became wary of his ambition, arrogance and power arrogance and power

Assassination takes place March 15, 44BCAssassination takes place March 15, 44BC

Resources & CreditsResources & Credits

HOLT Third Course, Literature & HOLT Third Course, Literature & Language ArtsLanguage Arts

Images from Google imagesImages from Google images Slide show created by Annette Taser Slide show created by Annette Taser

dramatic literature

Documents