draftsight basics
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit 1
DraftSight™ Basics
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Unit 1DraftSight Basics
UNIT 1-1 I NTRODUCING DRAFTSIGHT
UNIT 1-2 I NTRODUCING COMMANDS
UNIT 1-3 USING DRAW COMMANDS
UNIT 1-4 USING DELETE AND SELECTION SETS
UNIT 1-5 U NDERSTANDING BASIC DISPLAY COMMANDS
UNIT 1-6 E NTITY S NAPPING
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Unit 1-1 Introducing DraftSight
1-1.1 LAUNCHING DRAFTSIGHT
1-1.2 CREATING A NEW DRAWING
1-1.3 INTRODUCING TEXT AND GRAPHICS SCREENS
1-1.4 UNDERSTANDING THE CURSOR
1-1.5 CANCELING A COMMAND
1-1.6 USING THE MAIN MENU
1-1.7 USING TOOLBARS
1-1.8 USING THE STATUS BAR AND COMMAND PROMPT
1-1.9 COMMAND ALIASES
1-1.10 USING THE MOUSE1-1.11 UNDERSTANDING UNDO AND REDO
1-1.12 GETTING HELP
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1-1.1 Launching DraftSight
Once the program is installed, there are two ways to launch DRAFTSIGHT.
1. Double click on the DraftSight icon on the Desktop
Or
2. Select Start>All Programs>Dassault Systemes>DraftSight
1-1.2 Creating a New Drawing
Once the program is launched, DraftSight automatically begins a session using a default template drawing.
To create a drawing using a saved template, there are several ways to do this:
1. Select File>New from the Main Menu
Or
2. Select the ‘New’ iconOr
3. Type ‘New’ at the command prompt.
Or
4. Type ‘Ctrl+N’ at the command prompt.
5. Select the appropriate template file and click ‘Open’
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1-1.3 Introducing Text and Graphics Screens
The graphical screen is comprised of a number of components.
Main Menu: Pull-down menus of thematically related commands are arranged in the Main Menu.
Toolbars: You can drag and drop toolbars to convenient locations in the application window. Youcan also dock them below the Main Menu or at the left and right margins of the application desktop.
To display or hide toolbars:
1. Right-click the menu bar or a docked toolbar to display the shortcut menu.2. Select Toolbars... and activate or deactivate toolbars in the Specify Toolbars dialog box.
Options Toolbar: The Options toolbar displays context sensitive options you can select whenexecuting a command. It displays only those options that are available at the current prompt.
For example, if you enter the Zoom command, the Options toolbar shows Bounds, Center,Dynamic, Fit and Previous.
To display the Options toolbar:
1. Right-click the menu bar or a docked toolbar to display the shortcut menu.2. Select Options Toolbar and activate or deactivate the Options Toolbar.
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Shortcut Menus: Right-clicking displays a shortcut menu (context menu).
If a command is active, the shortcut menu displays:
• Enter: Confirms default options of the current command or ends entity selection
• Cancel: Cancel command execution
• ESnap Overrides: Lets you select entity snap options and coordinate input methods
• Pan and Zoom
• Undo
If no command is active, the context menu displays commonly used commands:
• Repeat previous command
• Cut, Copy, Copy with Base Point, and Paste
• Undo and Redo
• Pan and Zoom
• Options (general settings)
• Drafting Options
Graphics Area: The graphics area is the part of the application where you create and modify
drawing entities. You can open multiple drawings simultaneously in the graphics area. Each
drawing and view is in its own window. The individual windows can be tiled, cascaded, or enlargedto fill the graphics area.
When the pointer is inside the drawing area, it appears as crosshairs.
If more than one window is open, only one is the active window.
To make a window active:
• Click in any part of the window or click Window and click the file you want to activate.
Palettes: Palettes are areas on the left or right side of the drawing window that manage drawing
entities.
The palettes include the:
• Properties Palette. Allows you to view and change drawing entity properties.
• References Palette. Lists and manages drawings and images that are referenced in your
drawing.
• Lighting Palette. Lists and controls the lights inserted into the drawing to create realistic
renderings.
You can display or hide the palettes.
Usually palettes are docked to the left or right side of the drawing window.
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You can make a floating palette by clicking and holding the left mouse button (or double-clicking)on the palette caption and dragging it to a new position.
To dock a floating palette, either double-click the caption or drag it to the left or right margin of thedrawing area, and release the mouse button.
To save space in the drawing area, you can also overlap palettes in one location (at the left or right
margin). Activate the palette you need by clicking the tab at the bottom of the palette area.
Command Window: The command window lets you:
• Issue commands at the command prompt.
• Specify points and values, and select entities.
• Confirm the selection or input steps.
• Receive messages, indications, or warnings.
You can view a transcript of the commands entered on the command window so you can read or
reconstruct your working steps, including all keyboard inputs.
Press F2 to display the command history in a separate window. Click F2 again to close it.
Status Bar: The status bar is located at the bottom of the application window.
It is divided into three areas: tooltips, drafting settings, and coordinate display.
• The left side of the status bar displays tooltips. If you move the pointer over toolbar icons or
menu items, a description of the command or function displays in the tooltips area.
• The middle of the status bar contains buttons to turn on and off drafting options. These are:
Snap, Grid, Ortho, Polar (Polar Guides), ESnap (EntitySnaps), ETrack (EntityTracking).
• The right side of the status bar shows the X-, Y-, and Z-coordinates of the pointer.
Model and Sheets Tabs: The desktop contains tabs on the bottom left labeled Model and Sheet1.
These display the drawing as a model or as a drawing sheet.
The model is where you draw and construct. A drawing can have only one Model tab.
Sheets are ready-to-print pages that contain entities such as frames and title blocks, overviews and
details, and views of the model.
You can work with multiple sheets using the Sheet command to add, copy, delete, name, or rename
sheets. To access these options you can also right-click to Sheet tab.
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Coordinate Symbol: The coordinate symbol is a visual reference to the drawing. It is located in thelower left corner of the graphics area. This symbol indicates the position of the axes of the
coordinate system and provides orientation of the alignment of the current coordinate system.
You can turn the coordinate symbol on or off with the CsIcon command.
Scroll Bars: Scroll bars are in the right and bottom margins of the drawing window and can beused to pan the view of the drawing.
Instead of using the scroll bars, you can use pan commands.
To turn on and off the scroll bars:
1.
ClickTools > Options
.
2. Click System Options
3. Expand Display
4. Expand Screen options
5. Select or clear Show scroll bars.
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1-1.4 Understanding the Cursor
The cursor is your mouse pointer in the CAD program. With it, you can issue commands byclicking on icons or menu selections, select entities visually, or specify drawing locations.
The crosshairs indicate the current cursor position in the drawing. They move with any mouse or
digitizer pointing device movement. As with the coordinate symbol, the cursor symbol also changes
when the drawing view changes from standard plan view (viewed from above) to a three-dimensional (isometric) view.
By pointing and identifying using the cursor, you can determine points, distances, and angles in arunning command.
X-axis: Blue, Y-axis: Red Z-axis: Yellow, Y-axis: Red X-axis: Blue, Z-axis: Yellow
Within this program, the cursor color may be set for the X, Y and Z axis.
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1-1.5 Canceling a Command
You can interrupt a command before it finishes.
To interrupt the execution of a command:
1. Press ESC
Or
2. Right-click and click Cancel.
Or
3. Issue another command while one is active.
1-1.6 Using the Main Menu
Main Menu: The Main Menu is another method of accessing commands and command options.This menu appears at the top of the DraftSight window, beneath the Title Bar. The commands are
arrainged into categories similar to most Windows programs.
To use the Main Menu
1. Click the heading name of the desired menu category2. Click the desired option in the list
• Commands that have a black arrow indicate a fly-out menu that allows more options.
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1-1.7 Using Toolbars
Toolbars: Toolbars contain groups of related command icons for ready access when you are
performing related drawing tasks. The Draw toolbar, for instance, contains all commands related to
drawing 2D geometrical objects.
If you hold the mouse pointer over an icon momentarily, a tooltip describes the icon.
To display a toolbar, position the cursor on the Main Menu or on a docked toolbar, right-click, and
select Toolbars… choose the name of the toolbar. You can drag and drop toolbars to any
convenient location as you move about and work on your drawing. You can dock them below theMain Menu or at the left and right margins of the program's desktop.
When finished with a toolbar, position the cursor on the menu bar or on a docked toolbar, right-click, and select Toolbars… choose the name of the toolbar.
One commonly used toolbar, the Standard toolbar, displays beneath the Main Menu. TheStandard toolbar contains mainly commands from the File menu, for opening, saving, and printing
drawings.
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1-1.8 Using the Status Bar and Command Prompt
Command Window: The command window serves as communication between the program andthe user.
The command window lets you
•
Specify points and values, select entities, and confirm inputs• Confirm the selection or input steps
• Receive messages, indications, or warnings
You can view a transcript of the command entered on the command window, so that you can view
or reconstruct your working steps, including all keyboard inputs.
Press F2 to display the command history in a separate window. Click F2 again to close it.
Status Bar: The status bar is located at the bottom of the visible desktop.
It is divided into three areas: tooltips, drafting tool toggles, and current coordinates display.
• Tool tip display. The left hand side of the status bar displays tooltips. If you move thecursor over toolbar icons, a brief description of the corresponding command or function
displays in the tooltips area. Descriptions of commands selected from any of the pull-down
menu items also display in this area.
• Drafting tools. The middle of the status bar contains the buttons that let you turn on and offdrafting tool settings. These are: Snap, Grid, Ortho, Polar (Polar Guides), ESnap
(EntitySnap), ETrack (EntityTracking).
• Current coordinate display. The information field at the right of the buttons shows the
X-, Y-, and Z-coordinates of the current crosshair (cursor) position.
Tool tip display Drafting Tools Current
coordinate display
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1-1.9 Command Aliases
Command Aliases are shortcuts that can be used with the command prompt. An example of acommand alias would be the letter ‘L’ typed into the command prompt would invoke the _LINE
command.
To locate the default aliases or to add new ones:
1. Click Tools>Options 2. Click User Preferences tab and3. Expand Aliases.
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1-1.10 Using the Mouse
The mouse: Use the mouse, or pointing device to select the commands or options. The mouse is programmable.
To access the options:
1. Click Tools>Options 2. Click User Preferences 3. Expand Mouse Options.
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Options:
• Reverse the zoom wheel direction
• Enable Click and drag
• Edit by double-clicking
•
Display shortcut menus by right clicking
Fast Enter Behavior:
• Enable Enter on fast right-click
o Fast click time
Currently processing other command:
• Right-clicking when a command is in progress
o Displays the shortcut menu
o Displays the shortcut menu only if command options are available
o Is the same as pressing Enter
Selected Entities:
• Right-clicking when entities are selected
o Displays the shortcut menu
o Repeats the last command
Unselected Entities:
• Right-clicking when entities are not selected:
o Displays the shortcut menu
o Repeats the last command
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1-1.11 Understanding Undo and Redo
Undo: The UNDO command reverses previous operations and lets you control undo operations.
The steps made during the current drawing session are recorded in an "undo list." The steps in this
list can be withdrawn by using undo sequentially, where each undo removes the previous step. The
undo list is kept only with the current session. You can repeat the UNDO command until you have
canceled all working steps stored in the undo list (indicated by the Nothing to undo message).
Canceling the last work step (the first step appearing in the undo list) is the normal mode of thecommand.
To use the UNDO command:
1. Type UNDO at the command prompt.
2. Type the number of steps to undo, or type an option:
Auto: Prompts you to turn on or off undo auto mode. When undo auto mode is on, all actions of a
single command are grouped as if they were one action that can be undone with a single Ucommand.
Control: Allows access to these options for controlling the undo process:
• All: Indicates that all working steps are recorded for the UNDO function.
• None: Indicates that no steps are registered in the undo list. The U and the UNDO
command have no further effect. Setting this option also deletes the current undo list.
• One: Fixes the number of the steps you can cancel at the value 1. Only the last working
step is registered in the undo list.
• Combine: Determines whether multiple, consecutive zoom and pan commands are
combined as a single action for undo and redo operations.
BEgin: Lets you group steps. You can cancel grouped steps with a single undo. Use the Begin option
to define the beginning of a group of steps.
End: Lets you group steps. Use the End option to define the end of a group of steps.
Mark: Lets you mark the listed steps of a task and cancel all unmarked steps in one operation. The
Mark option defines the current state of the drawing as a state that can then be restored by using
the Back option.
Back: Lets you mark the listed steps of a task and cancel all unmarked steps in one operation. TheBack option restores the task to the previously marked state.
Redo: The REDO command reverses the last undo. To access the REDO command, type REDO
at the command prompt or select the REDO Icon.
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1-1.12 Getting Help
Use the Help command or F1 to view online help. Use the tabs within the Help window to searchfor keywords and manage your favorite Help items.
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Unit 1-2Introducing Commands
1-2.1 OPENING EXISTING DRAWINGS
1-2.2 CREATING A NEW DRAWING TEMPLATE
1-2.3 SETTING THE UNITS FORMAT
1-2.4 SETTING THE DRAWING BOUNDS
1-2.5 SETTING THE GRID AND SNAP
1-2.6 SAVING DRAWINGS
1-2.7 TAKING FILE SAFTEY PRECAUTIONS
1-2.8 EXITING DRAFTSIGHT
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1-2.1 Opening Existing Drawings
To open a drawing:
1. Click File > Open (type OPEN) or click
2. Use the Look in drop-down menu of the Open dialog box to navigate to your drawing.
3. Select from the Files of type drop-down menu and click a file.
You can filter files of type .dwg, .dxf, .dwt, or view all files. The Preview window presents a
thumbnail of the selected drawing, although not all file formats provide previews.
4. Click Open to load the drawing or click the arrow button and select Open Read-Only to open
the file without modifying it.
If you try to save a read-only file with changes, an error message prompts you to save the file under
another name.
1-2.2 Creating a New Drawing Template
You can create drawings using predefined templates. Templates act as a basis for your finished work and
set up the required drawing environment. Using drawing templates saves time because you can reuse the
elements and settings of an already existing drawing.
• Templates are useful for drawing elements such as logos, title blocks, frames, boundaries, rulers,
guidelines, and views.
• Every drawing requires specific settings for units, snap and grid, and drawing bounds. In templates,
you determine these settings according to specific requirements.
• Use templates to set up dimensioning styles and load line styles and text styles that you frequently
use.
• Set local settings that are loaded with the template to standardize drafting and editing defaults.
• Create layers in the template to group drawing entities and assign them colors, line styles, and line
weights.
Creating templates with these elements and parameters ensures that new drawings follow the standards of
your company, organization, or industry.
To set up your drawing environment you can apply unit, drawing bounds, grid, and snap settings. These
settings can be stored in your template drawings.
To save the template:
1. Click File>Save As…
2. Complete the File name field
3. Select Drawing Template (.dwt) from the Save as type drop-down menu.
4. Click Save.
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1-2.3 Setting the Units Format
Drawing units
When you create a drawing, decide what units to use. You can set one drawing unit to represent one
millimeter, one centimeter, one meter, one inch, etc.
Linear and angular units
You can set the format for entering and displaying linear and angular units. You can also set the accuracy
level by specifying the number of decimal places.
Linear units can have formats such as: Decimal Units, Architectural Inch and Feet format, Engineering Inch
and Feet format, Fractional Units, and Scientific Exponential Notation. Angular units can have formats such
as Decimal Degrees, Degrees/Minutes/Seconds, Grads, Radians, or Surveyors Unit System.
To adjust the unit formats:
1. Click Tools > Options or Click Format>Unit System.. (type UnitSystem)2. Click Drawing Settings .
3. Expand Unit System.
4. Set options.
5. Click OK.
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1-2.4 Setting the Drawing Bounds
Use the DrawingBounds command to define the extent of the grid display and restrict the drawing area.
Drawing bounds can be helpful for printing and plotting; if you set your drawing area so that it scales
directly to the standard drawing sheet, you need only specify printing by drawing boundaries to produce a
plot of your full drawing, regardless of the current display in the drawing window.
To set drawing boundaries:
1. Select Format > Drawing Boundaries (or type DrawingBounds).
2. Enter a point representing the lower left limit of the drawing area (0,0 by default).
3. Enter a point representing the upper right limit of the drawing area (12,9 by default).
To enforce bounds checking:
1. Select Format > Drawing Boundaries (or type DrawingBounds).
2. Type on to enforce bounds checking by preventing points outside of the drawing bounds.
To disable bounds checking:
1. Select Format > Drawing Boundaries (or type DrawingBounds).
2. Type off .
1-2.5 Setting the Grid and Snap
Grid
The grid is a pattern of evenly spaced dots that serve as a visual distance reference. The grid is not part of
the drawing file and does not appear in the printed output.
To set up the grid display:
1. Type Grid at the command prompt.
2. To turn the grid on, type ON.
The grid displays using the current grid spacing. Type OFf to turn off the grid.
3. Type a spacing value or specify options:
• Drawing Bounds: Displays the grid beyond the area determined by the drawing bounds.
Specify the Yes option to display the grid beyond the drawing bounds.
• Match Snap: Sets the grid interval to the current snap interval.
• Off : Turns the grid off.
• On: Turns the grid on using the current grid spacing.
• Spacing: Lets you set the horizontal and vertical spacing.
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Snap
Snap creates a set of invisible magnetic points that force the pointer to move in even increments. Snap
constrains the points you can choose with the pointer to the snap grid you define.
The snap grid is an invisible grid in the drawing area. With snap activated, the pointer selects only points
positioned directly on the snap grid. When you point to the drawing, start points, endpoints, center points,
and other specific points lie exactly on points of the snap grid.
Use the Snap command to determine the distance between snap points. The snap grid follows the axes of
the current coordinate system.
You can also use an isometric style of snap. Use isometric snap to create two-dimensional isometric
drawings representing three-dimensional entities.
To set snap:
1. Type Snap at the command prompt.
2. To specify snap spacing, type a positive number or select two points that reflect the snap spacing.
Typically, the snap grid coincides with the grid display defined by the Grid command. Another
method is to set the snap grid to a partial fraction of the grid display.
3. To turn snap on or off, specify the On or Off options.
4. Set the X and Y spacing of the snap grid by specifying the Spacing option and specifying values for
horizontal and vertical spacing.
5. Specify the Grid style option and specify:
• Isometric: Sets up an isometric snap grid aligned along lines 30, 90, and 150 degrees from
the horizontal axis. Specify vertical spacing for an isometric snap grid when prompted.
Unlike rectangular snap, isometric snap cannot have different Spacing values. Use the
IsometricGrid command to determine the active isometric plane to draw on (left, top, or
right).• Rectangular: Sets up an orthogonal snap grid aligned parallel to the X- and Y-axes of the
current coordinate system.
2. Specify the Orientation option to set the type of snap and specify:
• Grid: Toggles to standard snap.
• Radial: The radial snap grid aligns along polar angle increments. Specify the radial snap
spacing.
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1-2.6 Saving Drawings
To Save a drawing in the active window:
1. Select File >Save (type Save), or click .
The drawing is saved under the name, drawing format, and location specified when it was opened.
If the drawing is unnamed, the Save As dialog box opens so that you can set the name, folder, and
file type. By default, the drawing is named NONAME_n.dwg.
2. Complete the File name field and ensure that the Save in field is the folder in which to save the
drawing.
1-2.7 Taking File Safety Precautions
To protect your drawing files, enable automatic save and backup options.
To set automatic save and backup options:
1. Click Tools > Options (or type Options).
2. In the Options dialog box, click System Options .
3. Expand Auto-Save & Backup > Automatic Save File Location.
4. Specify the folder to write auto-save and backup files to.
5. Expand Auto-Save/backups, and:
a. Specify whether to Enable Auto-Save
b. Set the time in minutes to save the drawing automatically.
c. Specify whether to Save backup at each Save.
d. Specify whether to Use Original Format.
6. Click OK.
1-2.8 Exiting DRAFTSIGHT
Be sure to end every working session safely by executing the EXIT command.
To exit:
• Select File >Exit (or type Exit at the command prompt, or press Alt + F4 or Ctrl + Q ).
If the drawing is unnamed, the Save As dialog box opens so that you can set the name, folder, andfile type.
After saving the open drawings, the current working session ends.
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Unit 1-3Using Draw Commands
1-3.1 LEARNING THE LINE COMMAND
1-3.2 UNDERSTANDING THE CARTESIAN COORDINATE SYSTEM
1-3.3 USING ABSOLUTE COORDINATES
1-3.4 USING RELATIVE COORDINATES
1-3.5 USING POLAR COORDINATES
1-3.6 DIRECTION AND DISTANCE
1-3.7 ENTITY SNAP POINTS (ESNAP)
1-3.8 CREATING CIRCLES
1-3.9 USING ARC COMMAND
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1-3.1 Learning the Line Command
Use the Line command to construct lines in a drawing.
To construct a line or a series of connected lines in a drawing:
1. Click Draw > Line (type Line) or select
2. Click a point in the drawing area to start a line segment.3. Click the segment endpoint.4. Click another point to define the next segment or press Enter to finish the drawing.
Note: Each segment in a series of connected lines is a separate entity. You can also use the Line command to append lines to existing lines or arcs.
To undo a line segment:
• Press Ctrl + Z or type Undo.
To create a segment from the last point to the first point (minimum of 3 points must be specified):
• Type Close.
To append a line segment to an existing line or arc:
1. Select Draw > Line (or type Line) or select2. Press Enter.
The appended continuation line attaches to the end of the last line or arc that you drew.
3. Click a point to define the appended line segment and press Enter.
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1-3.2 Understanding the Cartesian Coordinate System
When a file is open using DRAFTSIGHT, an absolute coordinate system is established. This is based
on an X,Y,Z system. Although DRAFTSIGHT is primarily a 2D CAD system, the third, or Z, plane is
also established. The entire file is based on the coordinate system.
The most basic command is Line. There are a number of methods used to input the coordinates of
a line.
1-3.3 Using Absolute Coordinates
DRAFTSIGHT uses the Cartesian System to specify a position in the absolute X, Y, and (if needed) Z
axes. To locate a point from the X-0, Y-0, and Z-0 (0,0,0) using the Absolute Coordinate system,
type the X-value, Y-value, and, if needed, the Z-value separated by commas (with no spaces).
Example:
If you type 2,6 for a position, DRAFTSIGHT will locate point 2 units along the X-axis (east) and 6
units along the Y-axis (north).
If you type -6,2 for a position, DRAFTSIGHT will locate a point -6 units along the X-axis (west) and 2
units along the Y-axis (north)
If you type -3,-5 for a position, DRAFTSIGHT will locate a point -3 units along the X-axis (west) and -
5 units along the Y-axis (south).
Note: If only two numbers are specified, Z is set to 0.
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Using absolute coordinates a line from (-4,-4) to (8,4) will produce the following result:
Coordinates Exercise
Absolute
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1-3.4 Using Relative Coordinates
In DRAFTSIGHT, it is also possible to enter relative coordinates. This is used to specify a location
that is relative to the current position. In this case the character “@” is used in the text string. An
example: @-6,4 this would mean that the specified point is -6 units in the X-axis, and 4 units in the
Y-axis from the last point specified .
Coordinates Exercise
Relative
Exercise:
Using the Absolute Coordinate method, construct the shape show above.
Note: Units are in INCHES
Solution:
:Line
Specify start point>>2,0Specify next point>>3,0
Specify next point>>3,1
Specify next point>>5,1
Specify next point>>5,0
Specify next point>>6,0
Specify next point>>8,2
Specify next point>>8,3
Specify next point>>6,5
Specify next point>>5,5
Specify next point>>5,4
Specify next point>>3,4 Specify next point>>3,5
Specify next point>>2,5
Specify next point>>0,3
Specify next point>>0,2
Specify next point>>C
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Exercise:
Using the Relative Coordinate method, construct the shape show above.
Note: Units are in INCHES
Solution:
:Line
Specify start point>>2,0
Specify next point>>@1,0
Specify next point>>@0,1
Specify next point>>@2,0
Specify next point>>@0,-1
Specify next point>>@1,0
Specify next point>>@2,2
Specify next point>>@0,1
Specify next point>>@-2,2
Specify next point>>@-1,0
Specify next point>>@0,-1
Specify next point>>@-2,0
Specify next point>>@0,1 Specify next point>>@-1,0
Specify next point>>@-2,-2
Specify next point>>@0,-1
Specify next point>>C
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1-3.5 Using Polar Coordinates
In DRAFTSIGHT, it is also possible to enter polar coordinates. This is used to specify a location that
is at an angle relative to the current position. In this case the character “@” is followed by the
length of the segment, followed by the ’
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Coordinates Exercise
Polar
Exercise:
Using the of Polar Coordinate method, construct the shape shown above.
Note: Units are in INCHES
Solution:
:Line
Specify start point>>2,0
Specify next point>>@1>@1>@2>@1>@1>@2.83>@1>@2.83>@1>@1>@2>@1>@1>@2.83>@1>C
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1-3.6 Direction and Distance
In DRAFTSIGHT, it is also possible to enter Direction and Distance. This is used to specify the length
of a line segment in a specific direction. This command is usually combined with the ‘ORTHO’
option set to ‘on’. With ‘ORTHO’ set to ‘on’, line segments are free to move in only horizontal of
vertical direction in free form (it is possible to ‘force’ the line to a point that is other than horizontal
or vertical. An example: With ‘ORTHO’ on, start a line segment. Move the cursor to the left and
input a value of 6. It is possible to continue with this method and also to turn ‘ORTHO’ off while in
the line command.
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Direction and Distance
Exercise
Exercise:
Using the Distance and Direction method, construct the shape shown above.
Note: Units are in INCHES
Solution:
Turn Ortho on.
:Line
Specify start point>>specify screen position Click
Specify next point>>move cursor to the right and type 2
Specify next point>> move cursor up and type 1
Specify next point>> move cursor to the right and type 4
Specify next point>> move cursor down and type 1
Specify next point>> move cursor to the right and type 2
Specify next point>> move cursor up and type 5
Specify next point>> move cursor to the left and type 2
Specify next point>> move cursor down and type 1 Specify next point>> move cursor to the left and type 4
Specify next point>> move cursor up and type 1
Specify next point>> move cursor to the left and type 2
Specify next point>>C
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1-3.7 Entity Snap Points (ESnap)
Use entity snap to detect and snap to geometrically significant points on drawing entities, forexample, endpoints, intersections, and center points. Snapping to a significant point provides an
exact position for drawing and editing commands.
The ESNAP command opens the Pointer Control>EntitySnaps tab of the Drafting Options
dialog box so that you can set entity snap.
Entity Snap Points
Example
Exercise:
Create the shape above. Be sure that the Endpoint and Midpoint ESnap options are set.
Turn Ortho off
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1-3.8 Creating Circles
You can use one of several methods to create circles of any size.
To construct a circle from its center point and radius:
1. Select Draw > Circle > Center, Radius (type Circle or C) or click
2. Click the graphics area to define the center point of the circle.3. Click the graphics area to define the circle radius, or enter the radius at the command prompt
(or type in the value of the radius).
To construct a circle from its center point and diameter:
1. Select Draw > Circle > Center, Diameter 2. Click the graphics area to define the center point of the circle.3. Click the graphics area to define the circle diameter, or enter the diameter at the command
prompt.
Or
1. Type Circle or C.2. Type D at the command prompt
3. Click the graphics area to define the center point of the circle.4. Type the value of the diameter at the command prompt.
To construct a circle from three points:
1. Select Draw > Circle > 3 Points.2. Type C at the command prompt.3. Select three points in the graphics area that define points on the circle.
Or
1. Type Circle or C 2. Type 3 at the command prompt.3. Select three points in the graphics area that define points on the circle.
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To construct a circle from two points along the diameter:
1. Select Draw > Circle > 2 Points.2. Select two points in the graphics area that define the circle diameter.
Or
1. Type Circle or C 2. Type 2 at the command prompt.3. Select two points in the graphics area that define points on the circle.
To construct a circle from two tangent entities and the radius:
1. Select Draw > Circle > Tangent, Tangent, Radius.2. Select a point on each of two linear entities that define lines tangent to the circle in the
graphics area.3. Click a point in the graphics area to define the radius, or enter the radius at the command
prompt.
Or
1. Type Circle or C 2. Type T at the command prompt.3. Select a point on each of two linear entities that define lines tangent to the circle in the
graphics area.
4. Click a point in the graphics area to define the radius, or enter the radius at the command prompt.
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To construct a circle that is tangent to three lines:
1. Select Draw > Circle > Tangent, Tangent, Tangent.2. Select a point in the graphics area on each of three linear entities that define lines tangent to
the circle.
Or
1. Type Circle or C 2. Type TTT at the command prompt.3. Select a point in the graphics area on each of three linear entities that define lines tangent to
the circle.
Tip: This option is useful when inscribing the circle within a regular polygon.
1-3.9 Using Arc Command
You can construct arcs of any length or radius. You can also append arcs to other line, polyline, or
arc entities. All arcs are drawn from the start point in the positive horizontal direction.
To construct an arc from three points:
1. Select Draw > Arc > 3 Points (or enter Arc at the command prompt).2. Click the graphics area to define the start point of the arc.3. Click the endpoint to define the arc.
To construct an arc from its center point:
1. Select Draw > Arc and select a center-based option:
Start, Center, End to select the start point, the center point, and theendpoint in the graphics area
Start, Center, Angle to select the start point and center point in the
graphics area, and then enter the value of the arc tangent angle from its chord
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Start, Center, Length to select the start point and center point in thegraphics area, and then enter the value of the arc chord length
2. Select the required points in the graphics area or enter the option values at the command prompt.
To construct an arc from start and endpoint options:
1. Select Draw > Arc and select a start and endpoint-based option:
Start, End, Angle to select the start point and endpoint in the graphicsarea, and enter the positive or negative value of the angle from the chord to the tangent tothe start point
Start, End, Radius to select the start point and endpoint in the graphics
area, and then enter the value of the arc tangent angle from its chord
Start, End, Direction to select the start point, endpoint, and tangentdirection from the start point in the graphics area
2. Select the required points in the graphics area or enter the option values at the command prompt.
To append an arc to a line, polyline, or arc:
1. Select Draw > Arc > Continue (or type Arc at the command prompt and entera to append an arc).
2. Select a line, polyline, or arc entity in the graphics area.3. Select the arc endpoint in the graphics area.
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Unit 1-4Using Delete and Selection Sets
1-4.1 DELETING OBJECTS
1-4.2 LEARNING SELECTION SET OPTIONS
1-4.3 ENTITY SELECTION METHODS
1-4.4 USING THE UNDELETE COMMAND
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1-4.1 Deleting Objects
Use the Delete command to remove specified entities while creating, editing, or detailing drawings.
To delete entities:
1. Select Modify > Delete (type Delete) or click2. At the prompt, specify entities to be erased.
Use any entity selection method.
To delete the last entity you created, type last at the prompt.3. After you specify the entities for deletion, press Enter to erase them.4. To restore a deleted object, select Edit > Undo or type Undelete at the command prompt.
1-4.2 Learning Selection Set Options
For many commands, especially the commands for modifying and detailing entities, you need toselect the drawing entities.
To select entities, you do not enter a separate command. Instead, you use selection tools with the
modifying command.
To select entities:
1. Enter a command requiring selected entities.
The following prompt displays at the command window area:
Specify entities»
2. To view all options for entity selection, enter ? at the command prompt:
Specify entities» ?
Specify a point or Window, Last, Crossing, BOX, ALL, Fence, WPolygon, CPolygon,
Group, Add , Remove, Multiple, Previous, Undo, AUto, SIngle
Specify entities»
3. Click entities to add to the selection list.
During selection, a small box, the pickbox or entity selection target replaces the crosshairs
as the pointer. Selected entities are highlighted unless the HIGHLIGHT system variable isturned off. All entities you select are added to a Selection Set.
To fine-tune entity selection, see Entity Selection Methods.
4. Continue adding and removing entities from the selection list by changing the selectionmode to Adding entities or Removing entities as necessary.
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5. To remove previously selected entities from the selection set, press and hold the Shift key.6. Once you have marked all desired entities, finish the selection by pressing Enter.
The current command resumes.
1-4.3 Entity Selection Methods
Use the following methods to select entities by entering the specified option (or its abbreviation) at
the command window when prompted to select entities.
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1-4.4 Using the Undelete Command
Use the Undelete command, like the U (undo) command, to restore entities that have been deleted by mistake. Use Undelete also to restore the source entities after creating a block using the
MakeBlock command.
Note: You cannot restore entities on a layer that has been removed by the Clean command.
To restore deleted entities:
1. Type Undelete at the command prompt.2. Repeat the Undelete operation as needed.
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Unit 1-5Understanding Basic Display Commands
1-5.1 USING ZOOM
1-5.2 LEARNING TO PAN
1-5.3 USING REBUILD
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1-5.1 Using Zoom
The Zoom command changes the drawing display scale. The command has many options:
• Dynamic: Allows you to zoom in and out in one operation (default)
With Dynamic Zoom, you can zoom in and out of the current drawing window at real time.
To use Dynamic Zoom:
1. Right-click and select Zoom, click Zoom Dynamic (Zoom toolbar),
or View > Zoom > Dynamic.
The pointer changes to .
2. Click and drag the pointer up or down:
• To zoom in, drag up.
• To zoom out, drag down.
To exit Dynamic Zoom:
• Press Enter or Esc.
- or -
• Right-click and select Exit.
Tip: You can use Dynamic Zoom transparently.
• Center: Lets you specify a center point for the new view and a magnification value or
height
Zoom Center lets you specify a center point for the new view and a magnification value or height.
To use Zoom Center:
1. Click View > Zoom > Center.2. Click or type a:
a. center point. b. magnification or height. A smaller value increases the magnification. A larger value
decreases the magnification.
Tip: Press Enter to use the default values to re-center the drawing without changing the displayscale.
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Zoom Factor lets you zoom the display by a scale factor. This is helpful when working with sheets
or when plotting or printing the drawing.
To use Zoom Factor:
1. Select View > Zoom > Factor (or type ZoomFactor).2. Type a number to specify the scale factor. If you type a number:
a. Without an x or xp extension, the zoom is relative to the drawing extents. A scalefactor of:
1 shows the entire drawing.
2, shows entities twice as large. 0.5., shows entities half as large.
b. Followed by x, the scale is relative to the current view.c. Followed by xp, the scale is relative to the sheet's units. For instance, a value of .5xp
displays the model area at half the scale of the sheet units. Use this to specify the
magnification for each view on the sheet.
3. Press Enter.
Zoom Previous allows you to undo the last zoom operation. You can restore up to ten previous
displays.
To zoom to a previous display:
• Select View > Zoom > Previous (or type ZoomBack, or Zoom Previous).
Zoom Selected calculates the boundary of the area that contains the specified entities and zooms in
or out so the entities are visible on screen.
To zoom to the extents of selected entities:
1. Select View > Zoom > Selected.2. Select entities to zoom into.3. Press Enter.
Zoom Window lets you show a selected part of a drawing in the largest possible scale.
To use Zoom Window:
1. Select View > Zoom > Window (or type ZoomWindow).
2. Click in the drawing area to set the upper left corner of the window.3. Click in the drawing area to set the lower right corner of the window.
The center of the window becomes the center of the display and the area inside the specified
window enlarges to fit the display.
Zoom Bounds displays the entire drawing even if only a portion of the drawing has entities.
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Zoom Bounds zooms to the current bounds of the drawing if no entities extend beyond these bounds. If entities extend beyond the defined bounds, they are included in the calculation of the
boundaries in which to zoom.
Using Zoom Bounds in a 3D view is the same as using Zoom Fit.
To use Zoom Bounds:
• Click View > Zoom > Bounds
Note: Zoom Bounds cannot be used transparently because it always rebuilds the drawing.
Zoom Fit displays the drawing with all its elements as large as possible on the screen.
Unlike Zoom Bounds, Zoom Fit ignores drawing bounds.
Zoom Fit includes entities on layers that are turned off but does not include those on frozen layers.
Points from deleted or modified elements that are still saved in the drawing can influence the
results. These points are deleted when a drawing rebuilds. Therefore, before using Zoom Fit, you
should execute the Rebuild command.
To use Zoom Fit:
1. Click View > Rebuild (or type Rebuild).2. Click View > Zoom > Fit (or type ZoomFit).
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1-5.2 Learning to Pan
Panning moves the drawing display without changing the magnification.
To pan the drawing display:
1. Right-click and select Pan.
The pointer changes to .
2. Place the pointer anywhere in the drawing.3. Hold down the left mouse button and drag in the direction you want the drawing to move.
To exit pan mode:
• Press Enter, or Esc, or the spacebar.- or -
• Release the left mouse button, right-click and click Exit.
Tip: You can use Dynamic Pan transparently.
1-5.3 Using Rebuild
The Rebuild command rebuilds the current drawing.
1. Click View > Rebuild (or type Rebuild).
Rebuilding a drawing:
• Re-computes and re-indexes the drawing to optimize performance for displaying and
selecting drawing entities.
• Recalculates the screen coordinates for all entities in the current view.
• Refreshes the current view.
Using Rebuildall
The RebuildAll command rebuilds the current drawing and refreshes all tiled views.
1. Click View > Rebuild Allall (or type Rebuild).
Rebuilding a drawing:
• Re-computes and re-indexes the drawing to optimize performance for displaying and
selecting drawing entities.
• Recalculates the screen coordinates for all entities in all tiled views.
• Refreshes all tiled views.
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Unit 1-6Entity Snapping
1-6.1 RUNNING ENTITY SNAPS
1-6.2 UNDERSTANDING CASE BY CASE (TEMPORARY MODE)
1-6.3 ESNAP SETTINGS
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1-6.1 Running Entity Snaps
Use Entity Snaps (ESnaps) to detect and snap to geometrically significant points on drawingentities, for example, endpoints, intersections, and center points. Snapping to a significant point
provides an exact position for drawing and editing commands.
To set EntitySnaps:
1. Click Tools > Drafting Options.2. Expand Drafting Options > Pointer Control > EntitySnaps and select Enable
EntitySnaps (ESnaps).3. In the Geometry ESnaps and Reference ESnaps areas, select one or more entity snap
modes so that you do not need to invoke them as you draw.
You can click Select All or Clear All to turn on or off all ESnaps.
You specify ESnap modes to pinpoint entity parts to attract using snap. For example, you might
want to snap to intersections between entities. You can apply ESnap modes permanently or for a
single operation.
ESnap modes are not universally applicable. For instance, you cannot define the endpoint of a
circle. Similarly, a line segment has no central point. On the other hand, a drawing entity mightcontain several points that match the ESnap mode criteria. A line entity or an arc, for instance,
always has two ending points. In those cases, the ESnap function identifies the nearest of the
possible points. Always place the pointer as near as possible to the desired point.
The pointer snaps to a geometrically significant point depending on:
• The type of the drawing entity
•
The selected entity snap mode• The specific point on the selected entity
The illustration below shows the connection between the point selected and the point snapped:
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To set entity snaps permanently:
1. Select Tools > Options (or type EntitySnap or Options at the command prompt).
The EntitySnap command brings up the Entity Snaps tab of the Drafting Options dialog.
2. Select Enable EntitySnap and select the ESnap type.
The selected mode is permanently activated. You can suspend entity snap by typing nonwhen prompted for a point selection.
To use entity snap when prompted for point selection:
1. Call a command or a function that requires a point selection.2. At the prompt, select Tools > Drafting Options (or use the Entity Snap toolbar, select Snap
Overrides from the pointer context-sensitive menu, type an entity snap mode abbrevation,
or type EntitySnap).
The EntitySnap command brings up the Inferencing tab of the Drafting Options dialog.
3. Select Enable inferencing and select an Inference type.
The pointer becomes a small box. You are prompted for the point.
4. Select the entity with the pointer.
The pointer snaps according to the entity snap mode you selected.
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1-6.2 Understanding Case by Case (Temporary Mode)
Example Command Sequence
To apply the EntitySnap function 'end':
: LINE First point of Line:
Next point of Line: end
of: Next point of Line:
This will force the entity to an endpoint regardless of any other settings. This function is availablefor all of the EntitySnap options.
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1-6.3 Esnap Settings
Geometric Esnaps
• NEArestSelects the nearest point of an entity
• END Selects the end of a line closest to the cursor.
• MID pointSelects the midpoint of an entity.
• CENterSelects the center of an arc. Cursor must be on the arc to locate the center.
• QUAdrantSelects a position on an arc at 0, 90, 180 or 270 degrees
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• NODeSnaps to a point object, dimension definition point or dimension text
• INSertSelects the insertion point of an attribute, block, shape or text.
Reference Esnaps
• EXTension
Snaps to the phantom extension or an arc or line.
• INTersectionSelects the intersection of two entities
• PARallel
Snaps a line that is parallel to a specified line.
• PER pendicularSnaps to a point that is perpendicular to an object
• TANgentSnaps a point that is tangent to an object
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• Virtual Intersection
Snaps to the apparent intersection of two objects.
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