draft final report- narayani irrigation system- block-8

Government of Nepal

Ministry of Energy, Water resources and Irrigation

Department of Irrigation

Irrigation and Water Resources Management Project

Jawalakhel, Lalitpur

FINAL REPORT

Impact Study Of

Narayani Irrigation System- Block-8, under Component B, IWRMP

Chetana Engineering Service Pvt. Ltd.

Bharatpur, Chitwan

MAY 2018

Final report- Narayani Irrigation System- Block-8, under Component B, IWRMP 2018

Chetana Engineering Service Pvt. Ltd. Bharatpur, Chitwan

Page ii

Acknowledgement

The governments pursue management transfer programs to reduce their expenditures on irrigation, improve

productivity, and stabilize worsening the irrigation systems. In this context, Narayani Irrigation Management

Division, Parsa has transferred 2,768 ha command area from the government to WUAs to achieve more

efficient use of irrigation water in irrigation schemes, farmers’ participation, self-control, reduction of

operation and maintenance costs, more equitable distribution of water etc. The operation and maintenance of

canal in NIS is jointly organized by WUA at different tier and agency. This consulting service was aimed to

evaluate the performance of WUA in Narayani Irrigation System (Block-8), Parsa after the management

transfer of the system to WUA.

We express our heartiest thanks to the OPD of IWRMP for providing an opportunity to undertake such an

assignment. We owe profound thanks to WUA personnel who have directly and indirectly cooperated to

accomplish this study. We greatly appreciate the officials of NIMD, Parsa SDE Rajendra Shah (Division

Chief) and Engineer Sumit Gupta for kind co-operation and providing necessary information about the

project.

We appreciate and thank Mr. Piyush Bhattrai, IDS officer IWRMP Consultant and DADO Office for

providing the necessary information and data of the study area. Our particular gratitude to Mr. Sashi

Bahadur Bista., Project Director, IWRMP, Dr. Rajan Bhattarai, Senior Divisional Engineer, IWRMP, Ms.

Kabita Gautam, Engineer, and officials of IWRMP for their kind support throughout the study as well as

guidance, comment and necessary feedback during the draft final report preparation. We also extend our

sincere thanks to the study team for their dedication and commitment to accomplish this assignment.

Chetana Engineering Service Pvt. Ltd.

Bharatpur Chitwan

May 2018



Page iii

Acronyms

AIP Agricultural Insurance Policy

AMIS Agency Managed Irrigation Systems

AMP Asset Management Plan

BSC Branch Secondary Canal

COP Canal operation plan

DoI Department of Irrigation

FGD Focus Group Discussion

GON Government of Nepal

Ha Hectare

HH Household

HHS Household Survey

HMG His Majesty of Government

IMT Irrigation Management Transfer

ISF Irrigation Service Fee

IWRMP Irrigation and Water Resources Management Project

KII Key Informant Interview

KIS Kankai Irrigation System

MIS Mahakali Irrigation System

M&E Monitoring and Evaluation

NEC Nepal East Canal

NIMD Narayani Irrigation Management Division

NIS-8 Narayani Irrigation System Block-8

NPK Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium

OPD Office of Project Director

O & M Operation and Maintenance



Page iv

SC Secondary Canal

SEMP Social and Environment Management Plan

SLC School Leaving Certificate

SMIS Sunsari Morang Irrigation System

SMU System Management Unit

TA Technical Assistance

T/ha Tonn per hectare

TOR Terms of Reference

WB World Bank

WUA Water Users’ Association

WUCC Water Users Central Committee

WUG Water Users’ Group



Page v

Executive Summary

In order to study the contribution of Narayani Irrigation System Block-8 (NIS-8) on agricultural

productivity, cropping pattern and the changes in socio-economic aspects and livelihood of farmers, impact

study was carried out by group of experts. The study was done to meet the specific objectives following the

standard procedure to meet the requirement as specified in ToR. The study was done to observe the present

scenario over past by reviewing project appraisal and baseline reports, conducting ground truth survey,

FGD, KII and analysis of surveyed data. Study was focused to find the impact of irrigation system on yield

of major crops, overall productivity and change in the livelihood of farmers.

Study of socio economic impact was done by taking the social issues of gender, ethnicity and religion. This

shows that there is ethnic diversity and religious harmony in the command area. Issue of gender is quite

crucial in the terms of being the head of family as a replica of overall social status of country. Respondents

were taken covering all the section of command area, head, middle and tail to find the impact of the system

with the increase in distance from source. Literacy rate of farmers were also taken to know the level of

people that are actually involving in farming. There is a positive outcome of this study as there is increasing

trend of literate and graduated people. With the intervention of project the social status of people have

uplifted with the increase in income level of people. Almost 50% of the respondents have income level per

annum per household below NRs.50000 and almost 25% have above Nrs100000 this shows the positive

outcome of project.

Performance of irrigated agriculture shows that there is increase in productivity of all the major crops.

Productivity of rice has increased to 77% which is the major shift after the intervention of project. In the

similar manner there is increase in wheat and potato production. With the increase in production there is

also shift in agricultural pattern; farmers have started vegetable farming, which occupies most of the farm

in spring season. The cropping intensity has increased to 247% which shows the increase in farming

activities. Traditional method of ploughing and post harvesting technologies is replaced by farm

machineries. In the command area nowadays farmers use certified labeled seeds and well as NPK

fertilizers, which shows that there is increase in trend of using modern farming approach. Since there is

increase in production and also farmers involving in vegetable farming, shows the need of storage house

which needs to be taken into account.

Performance of canal irrigation nowadays in not at the satisfaction level it is because of the physical

damage of canal section. So most of the farmers use groundwater in conjunction with surface water. The

surveyed household shows that small landholding use most of the water in agriculture activities which

should be taken into account.

Performance of WUA was as satisfactory level (50% respondent) but few respondents find it ineffective

(42%), the main reason behind this is the discrepancy in distribution and delay in canal maintenance. There

is increase in the satisfactory level of Tail end users shows the positive response toward project.



Page vi

ISF collection is at low rate though it as met the target amount, there is no penalty system for those who

doesn’t pay because of the untimely and uneven distribution of water. This shows the need of strengthening

of WUA.

The overall success of project is the combination of both good infrastructure and functioning WUA. In

NIS-8 we see that these two pillars need to be strengthening to increase the overall performance of project.



Page vii

Table of Contents

Acknowledgement .................................................................................................................................. ii

Acronyms ............................................................................................................................................... iii

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ v

Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................. vii

List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................ ix

List of Tables ......................................................................................................................................... ix

1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background of Project ............................................................................................................ 1

1.1.1 Narayani Irrigation System ............................................................................................. 2

1.2 Purpose of Impact Study ......................................................................................................... 2

1.3 Objectives of Impact Study..................................................................................................... 2

1.4 Scope of Impact Study ............................................................................................................ 3

1.5 Limitation of Impact study ..................................................................................................... 3

2 Impact Study Approach and Methodology ..................................................................................... 5

2.1 Inception Phase ....................................................................................................................... 5

2.2 Field Study .............................................................................................................................. 5

2.3 Sampling Size and Sampling Techniques ............................................................................... 5

2.4 Methods of data collection:..................................................................................................... 6

2.4.1 Primary data collection ................................................................................................... 6

2.4.2 Secondary Data Collection ............................................................................................. 7

2.5 Data Compilation and Processing ........................................................................................... 7

3 Study Result .................................................................................................................................... 8

3.1 Socioeconomic status .............................................................................................................. 8

3.2 Performance of Irrigated Agriculture.................................................................................... 12

3.3 Performance of Canal System and Water Management ....................................................... 16

3.4 Performance of WUA ........................................................................................................... 18

3.5 Pre-project and post-project evaluation ................................................................................ 22

3.6 Comparison of core indicators in result framework with present datasets ........................... 23



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3.7 Beneficiary satisfaction on Project Scope, Design, Project and Grant Support ................... 23

3.8 Agency Satisfaction on Project Nature, Investment and Relevancy ..................................... 24

4 Conclusions and Lessons Learned ................................................................................................ 26

5 Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... 28

6 Annexes ........................................................................................................................................ 29

Annex-I Household Survey Questionnaire ..................................................................................... 29

Annex-II FGD with Water Users’ Association ................................................................................ 38

Annex-III KII Checklist with District Agricultural office ............................................................. 44

Annex-IV KII Checklist with Irrigation Development Division Office ........................................ 48

Annex-V List of respondents Household ......................................................................................... 50

Annex-VI KII respondents ............................................................................................................. 53

Annex-VII Field Photographs ......................................................................................................... 54


. Chetana Engineering Service Pvt. Ltd. Bharatpur, Chitwan

Page ix

List of Figures

Figure 1: Location wise distribution of Respondents ................................................................................ 8

Figure 2: Gender wise distribution of Respondents .................................................................................. 9

Figure 3: Ethnicity of Respondents ........................................................................................................... 9

Figure 4: Religion of Respondents .......................................................................................................... 10

Figure 5: Literacy rate of Respondents ................................................................................................... 10

Figure 6: Income Level of farmers .......................................................................................................... 11

Figure 7: Landholdings of Farmers ......................................................................................................... 12

Figure 8: Cropping intensity of each season .......................................................................................... 13

Figure 9: Cropping Intensity of Main Crops ........................................................................................... 13

Figure 10: Average Yield in Command Area.......................................................................................... 14

Figure 11: Farm Input.............................................................................................................................. 15

Figure 12: Shift in Farm machinery ........................................................................................................ 16

Figure 13: Satisfaction of water delivery ................................................................................................ 19

Figure 14: Effectiveness of WUA ........................................................................................................... 20

Figure 15: Sources of Income of WUA ................................................................................................... 21

Figure 16: ISF Collection ........................................................................................................................ 21

List of Tables

Table 1: Projects under IMT of IWRMP-OS ............................................................................................ 1

Table 2: Sample size and households ........................................................................................................ 6

Table 3: Three years data of irrigation area (ha) of Block-8 ................................................................... 17

Table 4: O and M Resource Collection and Expenditure by Block-8 WUA........................................... 18

Table 5: Comparison of Major Crop yield .............................................................................................. 22

Table 6: Comparison of Core indicators ................................................................................................. 23



Page 1

1 Introduction

1.1 Background of Project

The Irrigation and Water Resource Management Project (IWRMP) is financed by the World Bank

(WB), the Government of Nepal (GON), and the involved Water User Associations (WUAs), and is

being executed by Department of Irrigation (DOI).

Components of IWRMP are:

A – Rehabilitation and Modernization of Irrigation Infrastructure

B – Irrigation Management Transfer Reform

C – Institutional and Policy Support for Improved Water Management

D – Integrated Crop Water Management

Component B is designed to handover irrigation systems (Partly) to concerned WUA for its operation

and Maintenance (O&M) with best utilization of water and other resources including water service fees

after achieving following objectives:

To improve irrigation service performance and service delivery to selected irrigation systems in

the Terai through the completion and consolidation of Irrigation Management Transfer (IMT)

to the relevant Water Users Association (WUAs).

To address problems exhibited in large public irrigation schemes (Agency Managed Irrigation

Systems or AMIS) of below capacity performance, poor O&M, low cost recovery, and

inadequate maintenance funds.

The sub-systems under Component B of original scope of IWRMP are as follows:

Table 1: Projects under IMT of IWRMP-OS

Irrigation System Schemes/

subsystems

Sub-system

Command Area (Ha)

No. of

WUA

Kankai (KIS) (total system 7,000 ha) Entire System 7,000 1

Sunsari Morang (SMIS) (total system 62,000

ha)

Sitagunj SC 8,000 1

Narayani (NIS) (total system 37,000 ha) Block 8 3,000 1

Mahakali (MIS) (total system 10,800 ha) Stage I 5,100 1

Total 4 Sub systems 23,100 4



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1.1.1 Narayani Irrigation System

Narayani Irrigation System (NIS) is a large (37,400 ha) gravity flow irrigation scheme located in the

central Terai region of Nepal. The command area of this scheme lies in the three districts of Terai;

Parsa, Bara and Rautahat. NIS was developed by Indian government and the headwork of the scheme is

built across Narayani River in Balmikinagar, the border of Nepal and India. The main eastern canal of

this scheme is called Tirhut main canal that supplies water to Don Branch canal in India. The water

enters in Nepal (Janakitol of Parsa District) from this Don Branch canal at the chainage of 92 km,

which is the end point of Don Branch canal. Nepal gets 24.1 m3/sec water from this Don Branch canal.

This scheme was handed over to HMG/Nepal in two phases that is in 1975 and in 1976. HMG/Nepal

later developed the command area dividing the scheme in 15 blocks with the financial support from the

World Bank in three phases.

First phase: 1972-1981, Block 1-6 (16,000ha)

Second phase: 1978-1986, Block 7-12 (12,700 ha)

Third phase: 1987-1991, Block 13-15 (8,700)*

* Only river training works, no command area development has taken place.

1.2 Purpose of Impact Study

The major purpose of impact study is to estimate the contribution of irrigation system on crop

productivity, employment generation and socio-economic changes. This study also explores major

changes on irrigation water availability, yield quantification, change in cropping pattern and adoption of

other agricultural techniques. Also investigate problems and issues of irrigation application for

agriculture to develop effective and efficient irrigation practice to address competitive demand for

water.

1.3 Objectives of Impact Study

The main objective of impact study is to compare socio-economic and agriculture performance scenario

between pre-intervention and post intervention of the Narayani Irrigation System implemented under

management transfer and evaluate the performance of the sub-projects based on project indicators.

This study shall accomplish the proper evaluation of the economic benefits achieved by use of

irrigation. This shall help to understand how the sub-projects have contributed in achieving its defined

goals and objectives in terms of social and agriculture development and provide guidelines to bring

improvements in designing and formulating the forth-coming projects.

The main objective of the impact study is to assess the socio-economic and agriculture impacts of the

Narayani Irrigation System on target group viewing specially on the country's overall goal of



Page 3

sustainable development through intervention on farmer’s managed irrigation systems.

1.4 Scope of Impact Study

This impact study was undertaken for block 8 of Narayani irrigation system located in Parsa district,

under Component B of IWRMP- OS. The consultant has carried out the followings tasks and activities

in close coordination with OPD/IWRMP and Technical Assistance (TA) consultants of Component-B.

The scope of works includes but is not necessarily limited to:

Evaluation of the sub-project regarding whether targets were met or not in-terms of improving

irrigation service delivery and increasing performance of irrigated agriculture in terms of

agricultural production (e.g., increase in irrigated areas, cropping intensity), productivity

(increase in yield due to improved water delivery, seeds, farm practices etc.) and profitability

(diversification, farm level processing (sorting, grading, etc), improved storage, marketing,

higher prices).

Fact findings about

The change in cropping intensity and productivity of crops as result of irrigation and

improved agricultural practices.

WUA's involvement in canal operation and maintenance practices.

The improvement in living standards of Water User Groups (WUGs) and beneficiaries after

the project.

Satisfaction of beneficiaries with the scope, design and timeliness of project support.

Satisfaction of beneficiaries with the scope, design and timeliness of WUA performance.

Satisfaction of DOI with operation and management of irrigation systems which are

transferred to WUAs.

Satisfaction of project beneficiaries, who received sub-grants for agricultural machinery

and tools.

The social impact (actual number of households benefitted, participation and involvement

of women, poor families and under privileged ethnicity, water users groups etc.)

Other relevant information if any.

1.5 Limitation of Impact study

The primary source of data for conduction of this study was the NIMD office, WUA, beneficiary

farmer and key informants of the area. The study was limited to available data gathered from the above-

mentioned stakeholders.

This evaluation is based on limited samples of different categories of project stakeholders due

to time and resource constraint and might not be truly representing the actual beneficiaries.



Page 4

During the study, complete coverage of listed respondents was limited due to the migration of

population, change in on-farm to off-farm services and also local festivals and ceremonies.

There was unwillingness of some of the listed respondents to participate in survey because of

incomplete rehabilitation and reconstruction of the tertiary canal and unavailability of irrigation

water in main canal since last year’s flood.

Last summer flood during harvesting time has limited to accomplish exact yield of paddy.

Limited time is allocated for impact study.



Page 5

2 Impact Study Approach and Methodology

Impact evaluation of development projects compares the changes that were observed in terms of socio-

economic and agricultural performance before and after the project intervention.

The study conclusively used both qualitative and quantitative methodologies for the impact study of the

system of NIS Block-8.

The Detail methodologies that were adopted by the consultant were as follows:

2.1 Inception Phase

Interaction and consultation with the IWRMP project office (Client) was carried out so as to receive the

preliminary information about the activities of the project. Based on the review of the documents and

discussions with the client, the study team have formulated suitable criteria and indicators, designed the

survey methodology, sampling techniques and developed all necessary survey tools like questionnaires

for household survey, checklist for FGD and checklist for KII. Based on above techniques survey team

were mobilized to field level to gather the information.

2.2 Field Study

After the finalization of the study tools and appointments with the concerned personal, a team of expert

was mobilized for data collection. Study team carried out field survey and collected information of

socioeconomic, agriculture and technical performance of sub-projects from different level of WUA

coordination committee offices, WUA representatives of Systems, farmers of project intervention areas

and adjoining areas with reference to the questionnaire prepared during inception phase.

2.3 Sampling Size and Sampling Techniques

The sampling size and techniques adopted in impact study was similar to the baseline survey. A two

stage stratified random sampling procedure was adopted for household survey. First stage of strata was

considered to all branch canals or blocks of the main system and the second strata was considered to the

households under branch canals of NIS. Ten percent of the total household in each second level strata

(branch level) were taken from the name list of water users, adopting a simple systematic sample

procedures representing head, middle and tail section of each sampled branch canals

The following simple process was adopted for systematic sampling:

1. Number of units in sample frame work from 1 to N

2. 10% sample size (n) as given in TOR

3. Selection of interval size K=N/n

4. Random selection of integer between 1 to K



Page 6

5. Thus, every Kth unit will be taken.

Table 2: Sample size and households

Irrigation System Branch Canal Total HH

Sample

size

estimated

Available

During

HH survey

NIS Block 8 BSC 1 459 47 47

BSC 3 470 47 42

BSC 5 129 13 14

106

2.4 Methods of data collection:

2.4.1 Primary data collection

Primary source of data was collected from field visit of the project area facilitated by the professionals.

The data comprised of Household survey, Focused Group Discussion, Key Informants Interview which

was carried out with the respective informants; also Semi-Structured questionnaire was used for in-

depth data collection in course of interactions.

Questionnaire Survey:

In this technique, research questionnaires were prepared to get information about the impact of

irrigation project. Questionnaire survey was focused on the people of beneficiary group of the project’s

command area.

Household Survey (HHS):

Related checklist was used to conduct household level survey with a proposed name list of farmers.

Key Informant Interview (KII):

Key informant interview was conducted with the responsible project personnel, representative of Water

user Group (WUG), Government officials and System Management Unit (SMU) representatives. The

study was to get key information about the impact of project implementation in the command area of

the project.

Focus Group Discussion (FGD):

The FGD was moderated using a list of key questions as a guideline to compare different responses of



Page 7

local water user group to evaluate the project impact. In this method, valuable information and their

opinions were accessed mainly after discussion with the water user executive committee members.

Observations:

Field observation encompassed of both direct and indirect observation techniques. Direct observation

was conducted by on-site inspections of intakes, canals, command area and its general physical setting.

Indirect observation was conducted in the study area during the period of household survey, focus

group discussion and key informant interview. Impact study relevant photographs were collected along

the course of direct observation at project command area.

Walk-through Survey:

Walkthrough survey was carried out with participation of WUA members to identify the systems details

and situation of the project. The study team comprised of Team leader, Engineer and Sociologist. All

the major components of main branch canal, branch sub canal and tertiary canals of the irrigation

system were observed during the visit. Present condition of the structure, rehabilitation works was

noted.

2.4.2 Secondary Data Collection

Secondary data information like base line survey reports, IMT Documents, Project appraisal document,

SEMP report, and monitoring and evaluation(M&E) reports, other related records/documents,

estimated budget and actual expenditure by details of expenditure headings, target and achievement by

activities, annual plans and programs, estimated time schedule of each activity and actual time spent,

training modality, level of participation received by the project, efforts towards sustainability were

collected from related offices.

2.5 Data Compilation and Processing

The team has compiled and tabulated data/information collected during field study and sorted out the

necessary information and included in the main text. Comparative tables/charts/figures of various

systems were prepared. Tables, charts/ figures, photographs, and other relevant documents and annexes

including the list of all activities performed and personnel visited during field visit were compiled. The

collected data/information was rigorously processed, analyzed and interpreted using various statistical

tools.



Page 8

3 Study Result

3.1 Socioeconomic status

Location wise distribution of People

The study was carried out by taking the views of all respondents covering the head; middle and tail of

all the branch canal .Majority of the respondents belongs to head and middle reach of each canal as it

covers the maximum command area. The distribution is shown below.

0

10

20

30

40

50

BSC1 BSC3 BSC5

% o

f R

esp

Location of Canal

Location of Respondents

Figure 1: Location wise distribution of Respondents

Gender Ratio

In the study area altogether 106 respondents were taken for the detailed survey among which majority

of men are the head of family. From the respondent it is seen that most of the household land owner are

men. This unequal distribution is because of the social and cultural practice of our society.

The distribution is as shown below



Page 9

Figure 2: Gender wise distribution of Respondents

The above graph shows that in the majority of households men are the head of family.

Ethnicity and Religion of People

In order to make the inclusive results and analyze the impact of irrigation system, an approach was

taken so that people from all cast and religion was included. While looking at the ethnicity of People in

the command area they belong to various ethnic group majority of which belongs to Madhesi followed

by Muslims as shown below.

Figure 3: Ethnicity of Respondents

There is an ethnic harmony in the community; this also shows the cultural diversity of people. Majority

of people are Hindu and rest are Muslim. The share of religion of respondents is as shown in the graph.



Page 10

Figure 4: Religion of Respondents

Literacy Rate:

Consultant has also made an approach to take the appropriate group to make sure that the respondent

has the diversity of taking formal education. Some of them are illiterate and some of them are

graduated. The literacy rate of farmers is as shown in the graph below.

31%

26%

15%

21%

3% 4%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Illiterate Literate Primary level SLC Intermediate Bachelor

Literacy rate of Respondents

Figure 5: Literacy rate of Respondents

Income Level of Farmers:

While considering the economic condition of farmers we try to find the net income that farmers get by

selling surplus agricultural product and off-farm product obtained from animals, most of the farmers

have income level less than Nrs 50000, respondents whose income level is in the range of Nrs. 50000 to

Nrs. 100000 are least and above 100000 are 27% per annum. Since taking data income level of



Page 11

respondent is one of the big challenges as most of the respondents do not want to share thinking it as

personal and secret thing, but on informal talks most of the respondent feels that there is rise in income

level after the intervention of project. Most of the farmers sell their product immediately after

harvesting in low price as there are no storage facilities. This is also one of the main reasons for low

income level of farmers. The other impact of not having storage house is that farmers have to buy seed

each year from nearest market. Nearest market are Birgunj and Kalaiya so the command has larger

potential for cash crop and other product

53%

18%27%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

<50000 50000-100000 >100000

% o

f re

sp

Income level (Nrs./HH/annum)

Income Level of farmers

Figure 6: Income Level of farmers

While considering the economic status of farmer a questionnaire was also set to know about the

agriculture insurance policy, the result of which was negative that 100% of respondent do not have any

information regarding AIP. This also shows that the awareness level of people in economic policy is not

in a satisfactory level.

Landholding of Farmers:

Landholding of Farmers determines the real economic status and their potentiality of framing. In NIS-

8, the landholding of farmers below 0.5 Ha and above 1 Ha is almost equal. Land holding of different

farmers is shown in the figure below. It is mainly distinguished into two type of arable land; khet and

bari. Bari refers to those where crop that requires less water like maize, potato, wheat etc are cultivated

and khet refers to those where paddy is transplanted. The respondents have the disproportionate land

holding so in the command area there is provision of leasing out and leasing in of farmland.

Taking the data in landholding is to know whether the total land in the command area is utilized for

farming or not and also it determine the amount of water use. Since there are large number of

respondents with land holding less than 0.5 ha which means the amount of water loss in the system is

high as water has to be diverted in each field.



Page 12

From focused group discussion and key informant interview it is known that farmes are mone

interested in farming after the intervention of project , and there is increase in trend of land leasing

which was not practiced before the project.

Figure 7: Landholdings of Farmers

.

3.2 Performance of Irrigated Agriculture

The ultimate outcome of the irrigated agriculture is to increase the crop yield and overall productivity

which ultimately improves the livelihood of farmers. There are certain indicators which define the

performance of certain irrigation system. The first is the infrastructure approach and second is the

distribution and governance aspect.

The first aspect mainly deals with the canal efficiency and the amount of water that exactly reach the

field. This aspect is general based upon the supply orientation therefore there is not much socio-aspect

involved in it.

The second approach mainly deals with the distribution and utilization part. This depend upon the

amount of water that reach in field level its distribution how when and who does. This is the main

factor that impacts the performance of irrigated agriculture. This also affects how the livelihood of

people is changed by the irrigation project. Performance is accessed by following indicators.

A. Crop Productivity of Main Crops and Cropping Intensity

There is seasonal cropping pattern in the command area divided into three main seasons monsoon



Page 13

winter and spring. The major monsoon crop in the command area is Paddy, winter crop is wheat and the

spring crop is vegetables with the cropping intensity of 247%. The other winter crops are Lentil,

Vegetables, Pulses and Winter Mansuli paddy. Most of the farmland remains fallow in winter season

which shows that farmers are more interested in monsoon paddy. This shows that whole command area

is fully utilized for crop production in monsoon and the following winter and spring season the

cropping area decreases.

Figure 8: Cropping intensity of each season

Figure 9: Cropping Intensity of Main Crops

The whole command area is covered with Paddy in monsoon season exceptional with the area with

Sugarcane. The average cropping area of each farmer is approx. 1ha. since high and low value deviates

from this value with the unequal distribution of farmland among the farmers in the command area.

However the average yield of monsoon paddy is 5 t/ha. There is unequal yield in the same command

area. There are various underlying causes behind it like soil type, fertilizer yield, season and water



Page 14

availability. The average landholding farmers in general have the high yield as compared to those

farmers with small landholding and large landholdings. While considering water distribution in farm

level these factors should be taken into account.

Figure 10: Average Yield in Command Area

The major winter crop is wheat in the command area. The average cropping area is less than 1 ha of

each farmer of 106 respondents. The average yield is 3t/ha, most of the farmers have the yield above

this average value Lentil is the second major crop after wheat followed by potatoes and vegetables. Few

farmers also practice winter rice (harvested in late spring).

In the spring season most of the farmer cultivate vegetables (Cucumber, Tomato, Beans) as the major

crops. The average yield is 20t/ha. Since the vegetable requires the large amount of water for irrigation

so most of the farmland remain fallow in the spring season.

B. Change in Seed Rate and Varieties, Farm Practices, Storage and Market

Changes in farm inputs, farm practices and the post-harvest storage after the intervention of project was

analysed by taking the data on current practice and views that are practiced in past. The survey data

farm input showed that most of the farmer use different labeled seed from market. Most commonly

used varieties for monsson paddy are sona mansuli, 1442 and very few farmers use basmati also.

Respondent also said that previously farmers used locally prepared seed. Due to low storage

environment the production was low so farmers are now using modern varieties. Since seed are directly

brought from market so no further processing are done. For preparing the seedlings farmers use

broadcasting method of seed spreading and then manual transplantation is done for transplanting of

rice. Farmers mostly practice traditional method of transplanting by human labour and those are mostly

women. The farm inputs for seed and other related fertilizers for different crops in the command area

are as shown in the figure below.



Page 15

28.75

1800

162 16.565

750

66 69137.5 150 99 9060

15060 60

990

2400

990

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2200

2400

2600

Summer Paddy Potato Wheat Vegetable

Fa

rm i

np

ut

kg

/ha

Type of crops

Farm Inputs

Seed

Urea

DAP

Potash

Compost

Figure 11: Farm Input

Majority of respondents feel that after the intervention of project, the farm inputs are increased, this has

positive outcome as output is also increased subsequently. Previously respondents use locally produced

seed but the production was low because of damage on seed. So nowadays to use the locally produced

seed it is quite impossible because of poor storage environment ,so it shows the need of storage house

in the project to store seed as well as to store the product before delivering it to the market.. The nearest

market is the local market called Fettah Bazar, which also serves as a collection center for the farm

products. Nearest big markets are Kalaia and Birgunj where farmer sell their products in a larger

volume and also depends on buying the necessary household and farm inputs.

C. Change in Farm Machinery use and its impact

There has been drastic shift in agricultural practices after the intervention of project, nowadays most of

the farmer use modern farm machineries for agricultural purposes. Though most of the framer use

modern machinaries but their use is in traditional method. . The commonly used machineries are

tractors, power tiller, sprayers, pumpset, threshor and storage bins. Farmers generally do not own these

equipment but they take on rent from other farmers. There is high possibility of implementing farm

machinery for seeding, transplanting and other harvest and post-harvest operation. The trend in the

shift in machinery is shown in the figure below , where we can see that most of the farm operations are

now mostly dependent upon farm machinaries.



Page 16

Figure 12: Shift in Farm machinery

Previously farmers use bullocks and buffalos for tillage and transportation. Nowadays also most of the

farmers depend upon buffalo for different farm activities. The area lies in flat land and there is high

possibility of using farm machinery. With the project intervention there is increase in yield and the

increase in number of rented machinery shows the more scope of machinery in the area.

D. Women’s Involvement in Agricultural activities

Most of the women are involved in agricultural activities. Form the monsoon paddy women are mostly

involved in transplanting and weeding and for other crops also mainly women are involved in weeding

and broadcasting. There is a clear distinction between the labor between men and women. Though

women are mostly involved in agricultural work but their presence on property and on landholding is

very poor. Only 4% of women have their own land and belong as the head of family. This presence of

women raises a question on the social inclusion and equity. There should be strong implementation of

gender equality and awareness program in the command area. This figure also shows that women are

just treated as labor for farm activities. Proper attention should be given to gender balance and support

program for women.

3.3 Performance of Canal System and Water Management

A. Percent Delivery Points Receiving Proportionate Share of water, Improve Water Availability

Response of Tail Enders.

In irrigation Management Transfer, IWRMP the performance of the physical irrigation systems (Canal

network sub-system, canal control subsystem and water management sub systems) are reflected by

Percent Delivery Points Receiving Proportionate Share of Water, Increase in Irrigated Area and

Improved water availability response of tail enders.



Page 17

i. Percent Delivery Points Receiving Proportionate Share of Water: One of the measures of

evaluating the main canal management of Narayani Irrigation Management Division is to assess

readiness of the project staff with the required level of efforts. Interviews with the key staff of the

project revealed that the following activities have been completed:

All six branch canal intakes including Main Secondary canals from Nepal Eastern canal have

been calibrated

Canal operation plan (COPs) for all the six branch canals have been developed

Training on equitable bulk water delivery schedule and implementation process have been

disseminated to project staff and main committee WUA members.

For the past two years, Block- 8 water users did not get the irrigation water because of heavy breach of

NEC and the portion of the Indian main canal. Project staff are optimistic of getting water in this fiscal

year, hence they are assured of delivering proportionate (area basis) discharge through six offtake

points from NEC to Block-8 farmers.

ii. Increase in the irrigation area: Second measure of the performance of the canal system and water

management is the overall increase in the irrigated are. Before implementation of the project in 2016 as

shown in the following table was 1593 ha. This area as explained by the members of WUA is due to

considerable contribution of the tube well irrigation also as the water availability from the NEC was not

so much reliable. However, head end farmers used to get abundant water from the canal also. In the

subsequent year as main canal at two places was breached and hence farmers did not get water from the

canal. Therefore, farmers started shallow tub well irrigation in the later years without letting any

decrease or significant increase in the previous year irrigated area.

Table 3: Three years data of irrigation area (ha) of Block-8

Years of Data Collection Irrigated Area ,ha Remarks

Targeted Area, ha 2,768 Obtained from M& E report

May, 2016 1,593

May, 2017 1,605

Till Jan, 2018 1,605 Field survey KII

Source: M and E report 2018, Component-B, IWRMP



Page 18

iii. Improve Water Availability Response of Tail Enders:

The overall combined effect of canal rehabilitation and water management is measured by the Tail

Enders’ response on water availability which was 30 % before the project. In the first year 2016 the

water availability response of the farmers was relatively better than the subsequent years as shown in

the following table. The reasons for the significant decrease in the water availability response of the tail

end farmers in the subsequent year was due to the water unavailability from the NEC and Indian main

canal which was badly hit and destroyed by the monsoon flood as explained by the WUA members and

project staff.

Among 30 Respondents from the tail end section of canal 31% respondent feel that there is water

available for them for their agricultural practices where rest of them are not happy with the amount of

water they receive.

B. O & M Expenditures Started By DOI & WUA

Irrigation Management Transfer principle is to meet O and M cost recovery of the transferred irrigated

infra structures to WUAs. In this context Block-8 WUA targets collecting Rs 1800000.00 per year as

shown in the following table through irrigation service fee and labor mobilization or any other sources

for canal operation and maintenance according to the WUA chairman. The NEC is operated and

maintained by the project with the separate Government fund that covers all other 11 blocks. The

percentage O and M resource mobilization in terms of cash (however, low) and labor mobilization is

increasing towards the target (60 % in year 2018). Discussion with WUA executives regarding the O

and M cost recovery fully gave the impression that in the following years of 2 or 3 they will be able to

collect full amount.

Table 4: O and M Resource Collection and Expenditure by Block-8 WUA

3.4 Performance of WUA

A. Users Satisfaction on WUA Water Delivery

Years Cash

Rs

Labor

Rs

Cash+labor

Rs

% of the

target

Target per year

RS

May,2016 257200 669600 926800 51 1,800,000/-

May, 2017 380761 600000 980761 54 1,800,000/-

Jan. 2018 167375 910000 1077375 60 1,800,000/-



Page 19

Regarding the membership of WUA among 106 respondents almost 70% respondents do not have any

type of membership of WUA but they are actively participated in the WUA contribution works. The

data also shows that almost 20% of the farmers are not actively participated in WUA works. This

conflicting data shows the dual working mechanism of WUA as well as its activity.

No

69%

Yes

31%

Membership of WUA

No

19%

Yes

81%

WUA Activeness

There is a contrast on these respondents because majority of the farmers who are not even the members

of WUA are involved in WUA activities. This data should be taken into account for further considering

them as water users and including them into membership. Among the respondent farmers 22% of them

are not satisfied with the water delivery system and only 16% of them are highly satisfied. This shows

the social part of unequal water distribution. This gap should be minimized for fair equal and

satisfactory water delivery.

Figure 13: Satisfaction of water delivery

While considering the effectiveness of WUA the majority of respondents find it as not effective at all.

The common problem is water distribution, regulation and biasness on distribution. Capacity building



Page 20

of WUA is necessary to overcome this problem. Transparency and ethics are the some of the issues

raised by respondents.

With the huge investment on the technical aspect of irrigation the output on the farmers seems to be

low. Even the farmers are not satisfied with the WUA, the majority of farmers are not even the

members. There should be certain program to incorporate them under the same umbrella and make

them feel the project as their own.

Highly

Effective

11%

Moderately

Effective

12%

Acceptable

15%

EFFective

19%

Not effective

43%

WUA Role in Water Management

Figure 14: Effectiveness of WUA

B. ISF Collection

WUA has established various sources of income generation and one of them is ISF collection is done

by the norms made by WUCC of the user committee.



Page 21

300

750

1300

25 15

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

ISF (NRs/ha Fishpond

(NRs/ha)

Tractor Leasing

(NRs/Month)

Membership Fee

(NRs/member)

Membership

renew fee

(NRs/member)

Ra

te (

NR

s)

Sources of Income of WUA

Figure 15: Sources of Income of WUA

The collection rate of ISF is Nrs. 300/ha but the amount that is collected is very low in this project. The

collection is made separately for agriculture land, fish pond, leasing of farm machinery (Tractor) and

membership fee and renewal fee.

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

0 1 2 3 4 5

Am

ount

(NR

S)

Fiscal Year

Cash amount (ISF)

Figure 16: ISF Collection

In this fiscal year the amount of collection of ISF is low because of the damaged and poor performance

of canal. Penalty for ISF non-payers has not been practiced in the local level as well as there is no

resource sharing provision in the irrigation system.



Page 22

C. WUA O & M Practice

Generally all the canal operation works is the responsibility of users. Asset Management Plan (AMP)

and Canal Operation Plan (COP) has been made and approved by WUA. But these plans limit in paper

level and the system runs in traditional adhoc basis. The operation of Main canal is done by GoN and

the branch canal is done by WUA but in cases of conflicts and less water availability they depend upon

the representative of office. The maintenances are mainly three types: periodic, regular and emergency.

Minor maintenance of canal of for regular and periodic is carried by farmers and minor emergency

maintenance is also carried out by people’s participation. For larger and major maintenance works are

carried out by government funding through DOI.

3.5 Pre-project and post-project evaluation

The main aim of the project is to provide water for all the users and help to increase the yield of

agricultural product. After the intervention of project, we see that there is increase in yield of major

crop like rice, wheat, maize and potato. The increase in yield for rice is very high which shows the

proper utilization of water for growing crop. So, the amount of water availability by tube well during

this period might be competitive because whole command area is covered with paddy rice. Production

of wheat is also remarkable but still the increase is low compared to rice. Since wheat grows in winter

season or the low flow season so water distribution might be crucial, which should be taken into

consideration. The increase in potato and maize is in a remarkable amount. All these data presented in

table below shows the positive impact of the project as the ultimate goal of any project is to increase

yield. With the base value there is introduction of vegetable, which shows that farmers are more

interested to cash crop. This is because of the reason that the trend of farming has shifted from

traditional sustaining farming to income generation, this is indicated by the increase in production of

vegetables.

Table 5: Comparison of Major Crop yield

Year/ Crops Paddy (t/ha)

Wheat Maize Potato Vegetables

(t/ha) (t/ha) (t/ha) (t/ha)

June, 2009 2.9 2 2.1 10 0

April,2018 5.1 3.0 6.0 20.2 20.0

Increase/Decrease 77% 50% 186% 102% 100%

The increase in yield is also the indicator of increase in income level and living standard of farmers.

The impact of the project seems to be positive in this aspect as indicated by the increase in yield. The



Page 23

cropping intensity of the command area has also increased from 168% to 247%, this shows the more

utilization of land for crop production. This also helps to increase the sustainability of project.

3.6 Comparison of core indicators in result framework with present datasets

The comparison of core indicator is made with baseline survey and the projected target values of

various indicators.

Table 6: Comparison of Core indicators

Project Outcome

Indicators Baseline data- Current 2018 Remarks

Cropping intensity

168% 247%

There is increase in cropping

intesity (Major crops

paddy,Wheat and Vegetables)

b) WUA Status Registered ( irregular

meetings and functions) Registered

GA elects the member and

Norms are made and approved ,

monthly meetings are held, and

yearly GA meetings.

c) Tail user response No water at tail end Yes

No year round water is available

from Gandak Canal.

d) ISF Collection irregular regular No provison of penalty

e) Water distribution U/S more quite fair

high water grabbing at peak

season

f) Operation and

maintenance Not regular

by WUA with

support of

DoI

Some of the works are carried

out by participation

3.7 Beneficiary satisfaction on Project Scope, Design, Project and Grant Support

Majority of beneficiaries were not satisfied for not improving construction of tertiary canal.

WUA Grant support was highly approached. Overall satisfaction of the beneficiaries was on

branch canal improvement. Users are happy that as soon as Indian canal releases water, they

would get enough water. Management transfer program was appreciated by many users. For



Page 24

the capacity building of WUA members and farmers DoI has conducted different training and

exposure visits. From the key informant interview and focused group discussion it is known

their effectiveness is not in that level, and failed to meet expectation of farmers. The main

dissatisfaction of farmers is that these programs are not conducted with the prior consultation

of farmers and mostly go off topic than the need.

3.8 Agency Satisfaction on Project Nature, Investment and Relevancy

Discussion with the project staff regarding the project nature, investment and relevancy, they

explained their views as follows:

Management transfer is appropriate for Tarai irrigation scheme as it developed ownership

feeling of canal networks, they started cleaning the canals, have started paying ISF.

The command area people are poor due to low farm production, now due to increase in

productivity, their livelihood status will be increased.

IMT is mentioned in our Irrigation Policy 2070 also; hence, it is in line with the Irrigation

Policy also. It has increased good relationship between project staff and WUA.

Regarding the scope and investment, we prefer for inclusion of the tertiary canal

rehabilitation also. Because without tertiary canals water could not be delivered reliably to

water users. Hence, ISF collection is very poor in Block-8.

One of the reasons of the delay in WUA development was that WUA itself remained dead

for 12 years for not investing some financial support to WUA election. It would be helpful

if wider horizon on thinking for institutional development is made.

A. Fact finding of the project at output level, benefited households, participation of WUA, work

performance of WUA, others,

Output level:

Six branch canals were reshaped and canal bank re-strengthened.

Water control structures like head regulators and cross regulators were repaired and made

functional.

Six COPs and AMPs were developed and WUA executives of main and branch committee

were trained on it.

WUA office building (two story) was instructed and office operation (furniture and

equipment) were given.



Page 25

Benefitted beneficiaries

A total of 8445 beneficiaries are going to be benefitted with irrigation service. Out of this

4600 female beneficiaries were benefitted out of irrigation service.

WUA Participation & Performance

Water Users Association participated in construction rehabilitation contributing 10% of the

total construction works. WUA has participated in canal maintenance works also. After

acquiring adequate capacity, the Water Users Coordination Committee is performing the

following institutional tasks:

WUA performs financial and administrative tasks in the office. It holds regular meeting,

decision-making, communication and financial record keeping.

WUA performs annual auditing, holds General Assembly meeting, annual program and

budget planning.

WUA has started collecting Irrigation Service Fee. It coordinates with Irrigation Division

Office for main canal operation and distributes water in the branch canals.

WUA settles irrigation conflicts that are not settled at tertiary level. For this, it has

established conflict management committee under vice chairperson.

It mobilizes branch committees for branch canal repair and bill clearance.



Page 26

4 Conclusions and Lessons Learned

The impact study of NIP block-8 was done according to the set objective and defined scope of work.

Appropriate methodology including the desk study and field visit was conducted in the study area. In

order to get the in-depth knowledge of the impact of project, semi- structured questionnaire was done to

106 sample population, FGD and KII was also taken from the field. Inventories of structures, WUA

activities and all the other necessary information was taken in order to study the impact of project.

While analyzing the socio economic respondents from all caste, race and religion were considered to

make the study inclusive and effective. Also attempt to make the gender balance male and female

respondents were questioned, but due to social structure, values and norms we see that majority of

household member put forth male as a household representation. The diversity among the respondents

is also observed in the literacy rate, which shows that most of the respondents were illiterate and some

below the high school level. Very few respondents are graduated. In order to cover whole command

area, respondents were also taken from head, middle and tail. While analyzing the economic status,

farmers have access to nearby market to sell their surplus food as well as the vegetable products. The

other sources of income are the products obtain from animals like milk and meat. The yearly income

level of most of the respondents lies below NRs 50,000.00 but there is a hope that this will increase in

future and those are obtained by selling surplus agricultural product and non- agricultural goods.

Going through the performance of irrigated agriculture; there are three main seasons for farming

monsoon, winter and summer. Paddy is the major monsoon crop which requires a huge amount of

water, wheat as the winter and vegetables as the spring crop. There is the change in cropping pattern as

farmers have shifted from traditional farming to modern farming as there is decrease in maize farming

and increase in vegetable production. We see that there is increase in yield and overall productivity of

main agricultural product also intensity in the command area is increased traditional ploughing and

harvesting has been shifted to modern technique, there is rise in using farm machinery for these farm

activities. Most of the water is utilized in small landholding farmers which help to sustain the small

farmers but in the meantime the overall productivity of the command area is decreased. There is a

conflicting view of people that shows that farmers are satisfied at the same time most of them find the

canal ineffective, this might be because of the performance of WUA. The collection of ISF is not at the

expected level though there are some provisions for it. Most of the farmers depend upon the pump

irrigation, but the livelihood and capacity building program conducted by DoI and WUA shows the

activeness of people in the command area. Women are mostly involved in easy and minor works in

field though most of the labors are women.

The foremost thing for the success of any project is the physical infrastructure and their functionality. In

NIS the canal was not working its full capacity for past two years because of the damage on certain

portion which is under construction. Most of the farmers were dependent with groundwater in



Page 27

conjunction with surface irrigation in the command area. This has main the imbalance between the use

of water between upstream and downstream farmers.

The other aspect is the increase in satisfaction level of the tail end users, which shows that the tail end

users are quite satisfied with the performance, yet there is a long way to go. ISF collection is in slow

pace though it has met the target. The amount collected is used for O&M of the canal. IMT program has

been successfully implemented in this branch, since the operation is the responsibility of WUA.

Maintenance work is carried out by people’s participation and for major works they depend upon DoI.

Lesson Learned:

a) Command area of NIS-8 belong to potential area of crop production, the production of major

crop like paddy rice, wheat , maize and potato has increased to a certain level but at the same

time the overall satisfaction level of farmers seems to be low, this is because of the weak

performance of WUA in water distribution. Indian canal should be coordinated for this.

b) Building of infrastructure does not only guarantee the satisfaction level of people, there should

be effective, efficient and timely operation of canal by India and Project. Any damage or

obstruction in the canal should be addressed properly.

c) Cropping pattern has changed over the time after intervention of project; farmers are more

interested in vegetable growing rather than the traditional farming, so this trend should be taken

into account.

d) Small landholding farmers are the one who uses more water and are the major decision makers

for field water management and their water usage pattern and quantity should be taken into

consideration.

e) Strengthening of WUA is must for ISF collection, so User committee members should play

strong facilitating role.



Page 28

5 Recommendations

Performance of NIS_8 is good in terms of crop production, water delivery, response of tail end user

and the income generation of people. To make this performance better and widely accepted by all

the farmers in the command area following points are recommended.

a) Most of the farmers are attracted to vegetable farming in spring, since the command area lies

near to big markets Birgunj, Kalaiya and also near the Indian border so program can be

launched to enhance the cash crop farming like vegetable in year round basis instead of

traditional farming like planting paddy and wheat. This helps in income generation and also

increase the livelihood of farmers.

b) There is huge increase in Paddy production after the intervention of project, so identification of

pocket area for paddy can be done, which helps to increase the food security of overall region.

Also the program for post-harvest operation in minimum cost can be launched in the area for

motivating farmers.

c) There are no any warehouse/storage houses for agricultural products in the study area for the

storage of agricultural product so there is a need of such structure for storing surplus food

before selling into market. Since, vegetable products are prone to contamination, so it is

recommended construct

d) There is low collection of ISF in the command area so this status needs to be improved by

capacity building of farmers. This can be done by raising awareness programs as well as giving

incentives and subsidies to farmers which motivates them to pay ISF at time. Indian canal

should be repaired in time.

e) There is not equality in the respondents in the command area, this has to be taken into account

and women empowerment program has to be implemented in the command area. This can be

done by capacity building program and also by involving women in frontline activities.

f) IMT program can be improved by showing farmers to successful projects by field visits.



Page 29

6 Annexes

Annex-I Household Survey Questionnaire

1. General Date …24.01.2075

1.1 Name of Respondent …Ramdev Pd. Shah……………………….

1.2. District …Bara………………… 1.3. VDC …Feta Gaupalika.. 1.3. Ward No: ……4…

1.4. Village …Fulawori…………… 1.5. Irrigation System ……NIS……………

1.6. Branch Canal …BSC 1……… 1.7. Location a. Head b. Middle√ c. Tail

1.8 Head of Household:…Ramdev Pd. Shah…………….

1.9 Ethnicity ……Teli……………. 1.10. Religion …Hindu………………….

2. Detail of Family members

S.N. Name / Relation with Head of

Household

Age Education Occupation

Main Secondary

1. Ramdev pd. Shah (self) 65 Literate (SLC) Agriculture

2. Lalita Devi Shah (Spouse) 61 Literate Agriculture Out of country

3. Manoj Kumar Shah (son) 42 Literate Banking sector Agriculture

4. Manju Devi (daughter in law) 38 Literate Agriculture

5. Amit Kumar Shah (son) 28 Literate Student

6. Mani Devi shah (daughter in law) 20 Illiterate Agriculture

7. 2 sons 8 n

15

School Student Student

3. Agriculture and Irrigation Situations

3.1 Farm lands

S.N. Details Khet (ha) Bari (ha) Fish pond (ha) Total (ha)

1 Own land 2.66 0.066 1.66 4.4

2 Leased out 4b 2k 2b 10k 6b 10k

3 Leased in

Total

3.2 Irrigation Status

Season

Total

Cropped

area

Area

Irrigated Semi Irrigated Rain fed

Monsoon 2.73 ha 2.06 ha -

Winter 2.73 ha 2.06 ha -

Spring - - -



Page 30

3.3 Cropping Pattern and Cropping Intensity

Monsoon Season

S.N. Crop Variety Area

(ha)

Sowing

season

Harvesting

Season

Remarks

1. Paddy Sona

Mansuli

1.33 July/Aug. Sept./Oct.

Sabitri 1.33 “ “

Hardinath

(1442)

1.4 “ “

Winter Season

Crop Variety Area

(ha.)

Sowing

season

Harvesting

Season

Remarks

1. Wheat Bijaya 1.33 Oct/Nov Feb/March

1.1 Wheat NL 297 1.33 Oct/Nov Feb/March

2. Potato Sivachalise 1.43 Oct/Nov Jan/Feb

Spring Season

S.N. Crop Variety Area

(ha)

Sowing

season

Harvesting

Season

Remarks



Page 31

3.4 Farm Equipment

3.5 Farm Animals

S.N. Farm Equipments No. Source

Self Project Others

1 Tractor 2 √

2 Power Tiller 1 √

3 Traditional Plough

4 Improved Plough

5 Pump set 1 √

6 Sprayer √

7 Thresher √

“8 Storage bins 1 √

(10T/bin)

9 Ripper 1 √

10 Rotavator 1 √

11

12

13

S.N. Farm Animals Total No.

No. of improved

varieties

Source Self Project Others

1 Cow

1 Local √ 2 Bull

3 He-buffalo

4 Buffalo

5 Goat

6 Sheep 7 Pig

8 Hen

9 Duck

10



Page 32

3.6 Crop coverage and productivity

Crop

Variety

Khet Bari

Irrigated Semi-irrigated Rain fed Rain fed

Area Production Area Production Area Production Area Production

a. Monsoon

Paddy Local

Improved 2.73 ha 15 MT

Maize Local

Improved

b. Winter

Wheat Local

Improved 2.73 ha 7 MT

Maize Local

Improved

Potato Local

Improved 0.067 ha 2 Mt.

Oilseed

Vegetable

c. Spring

Spring

Paddy

Local

Improved

Spring

Maize

Local

Improved



Page 33

3.7 Farm Inputs

Crop Variety Irrigated Rain fed

Seed Urea DAP Potash compost Seed Urea DAP Potash compost

a. Monsoon

Paddy for

(2.73ha)

Local

Improved 63 kg 504 kg 252 kg 126 kg

3

tiller/season

and 126 kg

Dhaicha

Maize

Local

Improved

b. Winter

Wheat for (2.73

ha)

Local


Maize Local

Improved

Potato for

(0.067 ha)

Local


Oilseed

Vegetable

c. Spring

Spring Paddy Local

Improved

Spring Maize Local

Improved



Page 34

Crop Variety

Irrigated Rain fed

Human

labour Bullocks Machineries

Human

labour Bullocks Machineries

a. Monsoon

Paddy

Local

Improved 185 /ha

Tractor

10hr,

Rs.800/ha,

Thresher,

Pumpset

=Rs.150/hr

Maize

Local

Improved

b. Winter

Wheat Local

Improved 45

Same as

paddy

Maize Local

Improved

Potato Local

Improved

Oilseed

Vegetable

c. Spring

Spring Paddy Local

Improved

Spring Maize Local

Improved



Page 35

3.8 Irrigation Facility

Season Area with enough

irrigation

Area with less

irrigation

Area without

irrigation

Total area

Monsoon 2.733 ha (if canal

water available)

0.67

Winter 2.733 ha (if canal

water available)

Spring 2.733 ha (if canal

water available)

3.9 How many times do you irrigate your field?

a. Paddy …4… b. Wheat …1……. c. Spring crop …Potato=2 times…

3.10. How many times of irrigation do you think is necessary?

a. Paddy ……5-6…. b. Wheat …2………. c. Spring crop …Potato 2

3.11 What do you think is the reason behind not getting enough water?

a. less in source√ b. unequal distribution c. untimely distribution

c. damages in canal e. others …some people doesn’t allow water through their land,

Sikta river will be another option which lies in parsa district, which is just 15 Km away.

4. Farm Products and Income

4.1 Use of Crop products Crop Total

Product

(kg)

Seed

(kg)

Family

use

(kg)

Animal

Feed

(kg)

Loss

(Kg)

Loss due to Sell

(kg)

Price

(/kg)

Income (Rs.)

Paddy 15000 300 350 - 8000 23 1,84,000

Wheat 7000 400 3000 300 3300 25 82,500

Potato 2000 150 800 - - 1000 20 2,000

4.2 Animal Products

S.N. Animal

Products

Unit Total

Production

Total Sales

Price

Total Price

1 Cow Buffolow No

2 Hen, Duck No.

3 Milk Lt. 7 (Lt./day) 2 (Lt./day) Rs. 50 (Rs./Lt.) 100 (Rs./day)

4 Ghee Kg.

5 Egg No.

6 Goad No.

7 Pig No.

8 Fish Kg 150 /yr 150 kg./yr Rs. 200/kg Rs. 30,000

9

4.3 Market



Page 36

S.N. Product Collection Center

if any

Location of

Market

Distance

(k.m.)

Transportation means

1 Paddy Local collector Feta Market,

Birgunj, Parsuni,

Gavaria

3-5 km Tractor

2 Wheat “ “ “ “

3 Maize “ “ “ “

4 Vegetables “ “ “ “

5 Farm Animals “ “ “ “

6 Milk “ “ “ “

7

8

9

10

5. Agriculture loan

5.1 Have you taken loan for agriculture purpose?

a. Yes b. No√

5.2 Details of loan if taken

Source of loan Total Loan

(Rs.)

Date of loan

taken

Purpose Interest

Rate

Due amount

Nill Nill

5.3 Do you know about the agriculture insurance policy?

a. Yes b. No√

If yes, have you undertaken any policy? Explain

………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Agricultural Services

6.1 Do you practice improved/modern farm techniques?

a. Yes b. No.√

If yes, please explain the modern technique you practice?

Use tractor for agriculture activities, inherited SRI-paddy planting technology that needs 15

days for getting ready for transplant, 1 seed/sport of seed is used.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

6.2 From where did you learn about or practice improved/modern farm techniques?

a. J.T./J.T.A√ b. DAO √ c. News/ Publications d. Other farmers

e. Others …learning from neighboring farmers………………….

6.3 Have you taken trainings related to improved/modern farming techniques?



Page 37

a. Yes √ b. No.

6.4 If Yes, what was the training about?

a. Paddy √ b. Wheat c. Maize d. Vegetables (potato at Parwanipur)

e. Animal husbandry f. Others ……Not any trainings………….

6.5 How far is agriculture service center from your house?

….. Earlier 3 km far in Parsuni and now in Gaupalika in the local village….

7. Water Users’ Association

7.1 Are you a member of WUA?

a. Yes √ b. No

7.2 Is WUA active?

a. Yes√ b. No

7.3 Are you satisfied with the works of WUA?

a. Highly satisfied √ b. Moderately satisfied c. Satisfied

d. Acceptable e. Not satisfied

7.4 Does the role of WUA effective in water management and distribution?

a. Highly effective b. Moderately effective √ c. Effective

d. Acceptable e. Not effective

7.5 Any suggestions to present WUA?

……Please construct the rehabilitation of line canal and finish the trench digging of tertiary

canal as soon as possible, we are ready to collect ISF……



Page 38

Annex-II FGD with Water Users’ Association

1. Institutional Status:

1.1 Is WUA duly registered?

a. Yes √ (reg.no. 15) b. No

1.2 When and where was the WUA registered?

…2062/04/10………………………….

1.3 Is WUA reformed under current WUA act?

a. Yes √ (renovated on 74 poush) b. No

1.4 When was present WUA formed?

From the last general assembly election (kartik 18/2074)………………..

1.5 How was present WUA formed?

a. Election √ b. Mutual Understanding c. Other ……………………

1.6 Members of present WUA

SN Name Designation Addresss

1 Shree Ram dev Prasad Shah Teli President Batara-8, Bara

2 Matiur rahamain miya Thakurai Vice-President Basatpur-3, Bara

3 Madan Shah Kanu Secretary Bha. Bha.-3, Bara

4 Radheshyam Prasad Treasurer Barainiya-2, Bara

5 Rustam Miya Ansari President,SSC1 Feta-7, Bara

6 Ajaya Kr. Yadav President, SSC3 Batara-6, Bara

7 Ram Babu Prasad Shah President, BSC1 1st

part

Bha. Bha.-3, Bara

8 Panna Lal Prasad Gupta President, BSC1 2nd

part

Barainiya -2, Bara

9 Manoj Kr. Shah President, BSC2 Batara -8,Bara

10 Bhagariti Shah President, BSC3 Purainiya-4, Bara

11 Sheshnath Prasad Gupta President, BSC4 Matiyarwa-3,Bara

12 Ma sabir President, BSC5 Matiyarwa-8,Bara

13 Salaaudin Miya Thakurai President, BSC6 Basatpur-3, Bara

14 Thagiyadevi Pasawan Lady member Bha.Bha-8, Bara

15 Ramesh Baitha Dalit member Batara-6,Bara

16 Baka bdr. Mahato Koiri Ex-President, WUA Matiyarwa-3, Bara

1.7 Members of last WUA

- No specific records was found.



Page 39

1.8 Is there periodic meetings? a. Yes √ b. No

1.9 If yes, how often does meeting is organized?

a. Weekly b. Monthly√ c. Bimonthly d. When necessary

1.10 When is the general meeting held?

a. Yearly √ b. Once in 2 years c. Other …Kartik/Mangsir, Total G.A Member -119 .

2. Record Keeping

2.1 Status of record keeping system in WUA office.

a. Membership, √

b. Irrigation service fee, √

c. Income and expenditure records. √ (only WUA but not of individual farmers)

2.2 Status of account keeping system in WUA office

a. income receipt, √

b. income and expenditure ledgers √

c. bank account and cheque operation system √

d. personal advances record

e. payment voucher

2.3 Do you have record of farmers’ land holdings?

a. Yes √ b. No

Total No. of Households covered by the sub-project ……8319 HH…………

Total No. of Households who have acquired WUA membership ……6722 HH

Total area covered by the sub-project ………2768 Ha……………..

Total area in your record (duly registered) ……2768 Ha…………..

3. Conflict Management

3.1 Is there disputes regarding among the beneficiaries?

a. Yes √ b. No

3.2 If yes, what are the major disputes about?

a. cash contribution b. labor contribution √

c. water distribution √ d. construction

e. Repair works √ f. Others

3.3 How do you solve the disputes?

1. At first solving by respective test or branch canal committee

2. Then issue is transferred to MCC

3. If not solved, then transferred to Division office and solved jointly.

4. Physical Infrastructure



Page 40

4.1 Information regarding irrigation system

a. Length of main canal …4.45 km (MSC)……

b. Branch and Tertiaries

Branch canal length (km) No of Tertiaries

BSC 1 4.85 22

BSC 2 2.70 10

BSC 3 2.38 16

BSC 4 2.13 09

BSC 5 2.10 04

BSC 6 2.15 11

SSC 12 0.9 03

SSC 13 0.7 04

SSC 14 0.5 02

Total 22.86 102

4.2 Repair and Maintenance of Canal under IMTP – Detail Information's are not available

a. Main canal

Reshaping …………………m lining …………………… m

New structures ………………..no. Repair of Structures ……………………no

b. Branch canal


New structures ………………..no. Repair of Structures ……………………no

c. Tertiaries


New structures ………………..no. Repair of Structures ……………………n

4.3 Budget allocation and expenditure during IMTP

Year Budget allocated Expenditure

WUA Contract Contribution

2074/75

package I Rs.40817977.7 Rs. 16267468.8 Rs. 34912546.39 Rs.7543535.03

2074/75

package II Rs.16309301.89 Rs.5998188.80 Rs. 8736539.48 Rs. 3780021.40

2074/75

package III Rs.1970457.02 Rs.6554463.41 Rs. 1015823.18 Rs. 728273.71



Page 41

2074/75

package IV Rs. 1998968.71 Rs. 6678808.13 Rs. 940343.06 Rs.742089.79

2074/75

package V Rs. 1996043.53 Rs. 2630055.23 Rs. 598900.00 Rs. 292228.36

4.4 Additional Works to be done (not completed during IMTP)

1 COP training, 2. AMP Training, 3. Canal Operator Training

………………………………………………………………………………………………

4.5 Are you satisfied with the quality of works?

-Very satisfied with newly elected WUA committee but not with previously existing

committee …………………………………………………………………………………

5. Logistic supports

5.1 How many buildings were built/ repaired?

No of WUA buildings …1 (with 1 ½ story building), Toilet with 2 rooms…

No of Chaukidar/ Dhalpa Buildings …0…..

Others …Chair (moving 4 nos. and non-moveable 1 no. )……………..

5.2 What are the logistic supports received?

Furniture (Rs …Table, chair, Slaves, book case, etc…………………….)

Computers (…1 set……)

Others: Bucket-1, Jug-1,bookcase-1

5.3 What are the equipment, vehicles received?

Motor Bike -1 (non-functional), Cycle -50 (non-functional), Excavator -1, Tractor-1(Given

for rent @ Rs. 13,000/month)

5.4 Are you satisfied with the logistic supports received? Please comment.

Not fully satisfied, still needs many equipment's, like, computer, printer, camera, Xerox

M/C, projector, new motor bike and few cycles.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

5.5 Do you need additional logistic supports? What are they and explain their necessity.

Additional logistic support Reasons for their need

Printer………Yes………… …To printout various documents…

Camera………Yes………… …To keep evidential Photos ……



Page 42

Xerox m/c……Yes…………… …To make Xerox of the documents…

Projector…… Yes……………… …To give presentation and trainings…

6. Resource Mobilization and Asset Management

6.1 What are the sources of income?

(Membership fees @ Rs. 25/month and renovation fee @ Rs. 15/ month

a. irrigation service fee √ b. contribution form DOI X

c. contribution from DDC/VDC X d. NGO X e. others …Tractor and

Excavator rent @ 13,000/month……………

6.2 Do you have cash/ bank balance?

……Yes……………………………

6.3 Where do you spend the money?

a. canal cleaning √ b. canal maintenance √

c. administration d. others …Miscellaneous expenses to run WUA

6.4 Rate of ISF is based on

a. per hectare/ropani per year b. per crop c. per season

d. Others …Rate based on the land size……

ISF Rate ……Rs 10/ kattha ………

6.5 ISF collection status 2073/2074, collected amount Rs. 1,50,000

6.6 Expenditure

-The new WUA committee is recently elected, the documents of old committee is not

available.

6.7 Does agreed asset management plan between DOI & WUA exist?

a. Yes √ b. No

6.8 If plan exists; is O&M expenditure adequate?

…AMP is already designed and now in implementation stage…………

Years Cash

Rs

Labor

Rs

Cash+labor

Rs

% of the

target

Target per year

RS

May,2016 257200 669600 926800 51 1,800,000/-

May, 2017 380761 600000 980761 54 1,800,000/-

Jan. 2018 167375 910000 1077375 60 1,800,000/-



Page 43

6.9 If inadequate, give reasons?

Not totally implemented upto grass root level only …………………

7. Water Management

7.1 List out the trainings received regarding water management and canal operation

S.N Trainings Provided

a. Workshop on Canal Operation and Maintenance (Two Days)

b. Construction Management and Quality Control (Two Days)

c. Canal Operation and Maintenance Training (Two Days)

d. COP & AMP Dissemination Training (One Day)

e. COP & AMP Dissemination Training (One Day)

7.2 Is canal operation plan developed?

a. Yes √ b. No

7.3 Is available water adequate for irrigation during?

Rainy season a. Yes √ b. No

Winter season a. Yes b. No √

Spring Season a. Yes b. No √

7.4 Who operates the canal?

a. Office (Main canal) b. WUA (Branch and tertiary) c. Combine

7.5 How many staffs are there for operation of canal?

Recruited by Office ……0………

Recruited by WUA ……Not permanently appointed and hired as required……….

7.4 On what basis irrigation water is allocated at branch intakes and tertiary intakes?

………Land size based allocation ………………………………………………………

7.5 Is water availability adequate at tail of each branch canals? Comment

………No…………………………………………………………………………………

7.6 Comment on current performance of irrigation canal system

……At present system is not completely in function …………………………………



Page 44

Annex-III KII Checklist with District Agricultural office

1. What kinds of activities launched in irrigated areas?

- DADO and DLSO has lunched crop focus program, like SRI paddy planting system,

introduction of suitable hybrid seeds, promotion of sugarcane farming targeting nearby

sugarcane mill, fish breeding and farming, and other trainings related to pest control

and fertilizer application for agriculture practice. Also, advocating on government

program like crop insurance and incentives facilities on agro machineries.

2. How do you judge about the water availability in the project area (Head, Middle, Tail)?

- After the field observation and consulting with the beneficiaries of related section, there

is always sufficient availability of water at head area subsequently decreasing towards

middle and tail area. Last year flooding has damage various section of the main canals,

branch canal and tertiary canals resulting scarcity of canal water over the project area. I

has been expected that, after the completion of the rehabilitation of the canals uniform

availability can be ensured.

3. What are the major complains of the farmers in the project area?

Availability of seeds and farm inputs

- Major farmers are using paddy seed varieties Sabitri, Sona mansuli and 1442

Hardinath; wheat seeds varities are NL297, 971, and Bhirkuti and Bijaya; potato seeds

variety is Janak deo, khumal raato and khumal seto. Part of the preserved seeds from

the last year production is used and insufficient amount of seeds variety are purchased

from the nearby market. Other varieties options should be lunched that can be grown

even in low availability of water with a provision of incentives in seeds and fertilizers.

Irrigation water availability

- Sufficient irrigation water is not available in irrigation canal. The main canal water

controlling system is operated by India so right time application of water is always

varying. Tail water users has more complain on water availability, during the

unavailability of tertiary canal, head and middle users do not let water through their

lands.



Page 45

4. List out the trainings provided in the project area?

S.N Trainings Provided

1 Initial Training on Annual Work Plan Preparation for WUCC members (One Day)

2 Initial Training on Annual Work Plan Preparation for WUC members (One Day)

3 ISF collection and management (Two Days)

4 ISF collection and management (Two Days)

5 Initial Training on Office administration and management (One Day)

6 Leadership Development and Women Empowerment Training (Three Days)

7 Basic Computer Training for WUA members of NIS Block 8 (One Month)

8 Office Administration and Record Management (Two Days)

9 Resources and Asset Management (Two Days)

10 ISF Collection & Management (TwoDays)

11 Financial Account Management Training (Two Days)

12 Gender Awareness and Women Participation in Irrigation (Two Days)

13 One day Initial Training on Office & Account Management

14 Good Governance and Leadership Development Training

15 Exposure Visit to WUA members

16 Conflict and Conflict Management Training

17 Conflict Management Training for Leadership Development of WUA Executive

Members Organized by IMD, Jawakhel

18 Participatory Monitoring & Evaluation



Page 46

5. What are the changes seen the project area after the intervention by DAO?

Changes in cropping pattern

- Major population are shifting towards the cash crop farming rather than growing

traditional farming. For exam, cultivation of Maize crop is drastically reduced, increase

in vegetable farming, increase in sugarcane farming and increase in use of irrigation

water for fish farming. Cropping pattern mostly inherited by the farmers of BLOCK-8

are.

- Monsoon Paddy – Wheat - Fallow land

- Spring paddy - Monsoon paddy - vegetables

- Monsoon Paddy - Pulses/oilseed - Sugarcane

Changes in productivity (list by crops)

SN Crop Area Production rate

(MT/ha)

Total

Production (MT)

1 Paddy (Monsoon) 400 5.5 2200

2 Paddy (Spring) 1900 5.7 10,830

3 Wheat 1810 3.1 5611

4 Maize 125 6.7 837

5 Potato 195 20 3900

6 Mustard 30 1.1 33

7 Pulses 145 1 145

8 Vegetables (Winter) 150 15.7 2355

9 Vegetables (Monsoon) 50 15 750

6. What percentage of farmers do you find, are following the demonstrated agriculture

techniques?

- No

7. How many people of this area have done any significant agricultural activities after

availability of irrigation facility and support form District Agricultural offices?

-Not exactly the farmers no. but many farmers has shifted for sugarcane plantation and fish

farming

8. What kinds of significant activities do they do?

-Implement the activities as per the yearly plan, and support farmers as per their demand,

issues in agriculture practice. Some farmers significantly investing on fish farming using

irrigation water

9. How often Technician from office visit the site to instruct, monitor the farmers (WUA)?

-Regularly as per the plan and request from the farmer groups.



Page 47

10. What are the strength and weakness of the project areas?

-We have irrigation canal which is the strength but right time application of water is lacking

which is our weakness



Page 48

Annex-IV KII Checklist with Irrigation Development Division Office

1. Name of project- Narayani Irrigation System, Block-8, Component B, IWRMP

2. Net Command area-37,000 ha (Block-8 = 2,768 ha)

3. Canal Rehabilitation started date -2068 B.S

4. Canal Rehabilitation Completed date-Still ongoing

5. Total project cost

Package I – Rs.14,316,030.18

Package II - Rs.10756369.34(office) & Rs.12665183.58(WUA)

Package III - Rs.6898378.53

Package IV-Rs. 24,814,155.25

All data unavailable

6. Total Project expenditure (by year; contract amount; WUA part; WUA contribution)

Package I - Rs.14,325,028.64,

Package II – Rs.10756369.34

Package III - Rs.8,452,727.50 (office) & Rs.4,154,923.65 (WUA)

Package IV - Rs. 24,542,762.50

7. Total beneficiary household -8319 HH

8. Total population - 58580

9. WUA formation date- 2062/04/10 B.S

10. Members in WUA- 119 GA members with 6722 water users

11. Trainings provided to WUA (date, Participants, topics etc.)

-Trainings on COP, AMP and Farmer’s skill development.

12. Logistic supports provided to WUA

-Furniture, computer and accessories, motorbike and cycle for transportation, excavator and

tractor etc.

13. What is the status of WUA in irrigated areas?

–The newly elected WUA is active and user friendly.



Page 49

14. State the Farmer’s involvement in the project rehabilitation and O&M?

- Active involvement of farmers for canal rehabilitation and maintenance is found.

15. How frequently Technician from office visit the site to instruct, monitor the farmers

(WUA)?

-Once in a month or more as per required, based on the situation of ongoing field works.

16. What are you planning for the irrigated areas in near future for the sustainability of the

project?

-Canal lining extension and drainage facility improvement work are being planned for

nearest future for sustainability.

17. What are the strength and weakness of the project areas?

Strength-High productivity of soil and large size canal with high capacity.

Weakness- Flood prone area with water logging problems and lack of sufficient water in

the canal.



Page 50

Annex-V List of respondents Household

SN Name of Respondent Address IS/Branch Farmland

location

1 Maina Devi Fetta Gaupalika-1, Triveni, Bara BSC1 Head

2 Bijaya Sah Fetta Gaupalika-1, Triveni, Bara BSC1 Head

3 Ramekbal Mahato Fetta Gaupalika-1, Triveni, Bara BSC1 Head

4 Maya Baitha Fetta Gaupalika-1, Triveni, Bara BSC1 Head

5 Baldev Mahato Fetta Gaupalika-1, Triveni, Bara BSC1 Head

6 Raj Dev Fetta Gaupalika-1, Triveni, Bara BSC1 Tail

7 Dhamendra Psd Saha Fetta Gaupalika-1, Triveni, Bara BSC1 Head

8

Jitendra Kumar

Kusawaha Fetta Gaupalika-1, Triveni, Bara BSC1 Head

9 Dinanath Sah Fetta Gaupalika-1, Triveni, Bara BSC1 Tail

10 Ram Babu Prasad Sah Fetta Gaupalika-1, Triveni, Bara BSC1 Head

11 Gyanchandra Mahato Fetta Gaupalika-1, Triveni, Bara BSC1 Head

12 Ekbali Sah Fetta Gaupalika-1, Triveni, Bara BSC1 Head

13 Dhenuk Sah Fetta Gaupalika-1, Triveni, Bara BSC1 Head

14 Muktilal Bethe (Dhobi) Fetta Gaupalika-1, Triveni, Bara BSC1 Head

15 Dhrub Desha Fetta Gaupalika-1, Triveni, Bara BSC1 Head

16 Omprakash Prasad Sah Fetta Gaupalika-1, Triveni, Bara BSC1 Middle

17 Shambhu Dube Fetta Gaupalika-1, Triveni, Bara BSC1 Middle

18 Ajay Ku Yadav Fetta Gaupalika-1, Triveni, Bara BSC1 Middle

19 Prahlad Sah Fetta Gaupalika-1, Triveni, Bara BSC1 Middle

20 Surendra Prasad Yadav Fetta Gaupalika-1, Triveni, Bara BSC1 Head

21

Birendra Mahato

Dhanuk Fetta Gaupalika-1, Triveni, Bara BSC1 Middle

22

Randev Prasad Sah

Teli Fetta Gaupalika 4, Fulwariya, Bara BSC1 Middle

23 Prem Chandra Mahara Fetta Gaupalika-1, Triveni, Bara BSC1 Middle

24 Paspat Thakur Fetta Gaupalika-1, Triveni, Bara BSC1 Head

25 Sanjay Yadav Fetta Gaupalika 4, Fulwariya, Bara BSC1 Middle

26 Harishankar Pandey Fetta Gaupalika 5, Fulwariya, Bara BSC1 Middle

27 Rambabu Chaurasiya Kalaiya Nagarpalika 10, Bara BSC5 Middle

28 Panalal Sah Bishrampur 2, Bharwaliya, Bara BSC1 Middle

29 Dashain Baitha Bishrampur 2, Bharwaliya, Bara BSC1 Middle

30 Jotik Baitha Bishrampur 2, Bharwaliya, Bara BSC1 Middle

31 Baram Dev Sahu Bishrampur 2, Bharwaliya, Bara BSC1 Middle

32 Jiut Mahato Dhanuk Kalaiya Nagarpalika 10, Bara BSC5 Middle

33 Rajdev Sah Kalaiya Nagarpalika 10, Bara BSC5 Middle

34 Sital Rawat Kalaiya Nagarpalika 10, Bara BSC5 Head

35 Laalbihari Sah

Kalaiya Nagarpalika 20, Basantapur,

Bara BSC5 Head

36 Shankar Sah Kalaiya Nagarpalika 10, Bara BSC5 Middle



Page 51

37 Shambhu Baitha Bishrampur 2, Bharwaliya, Bara BSC1 Middle

38 Satarodhan Rahat Pal Bishrampur 2, Bharwaliya, Bara BSC1 Middle

39 Shrinarayan Pandit Bishrampur 2, Bharwaliya, Bara BSC1 Middle

40 Ramanand Prasad Sah Bishrampur 2, Bharwaliya, Bara BSC1 Middle

41 Bir Bahadur Yadav Bishrampur 2, Bharwaliya, Bara BSC1 Middle

42 Amiri Betha Bishrampur 2, Bharwaliya, Bara BSC1 Middle

43 Amlesh Kumar Sah Fetta Gaupalika 6, Gamhariya, Bara BSC3 Tail

44 Mojahir Miya Fetta Gaupalika 5, Jotpur, Bara BSC3 Tail

45 Jagan Sah Fetta Gaupalika 6, Amhariya, Bara BSC3 Tail

46 Ronalaal Sah Fetta Gaupalika 6, Gamhariya, Bara BSC3 Middle

47 Madan Sah Thakur Fetta Gaupalika 6, Gamhariya, Bara BSC3 Head

48 Rajkumar Sah Fetta Gaupalika 6, Gamhariya, Bara BSC3 Middle

49 Goyasu Din Ansari Fetta Gaupalika 5, Jotpur, Bara BSC3 Middle

50 Shree Bhaga Mandal Fetta Gaupalika 6, Gamhariya, Bara BSC3 Middle

51 Shankar Sah Fetta Gaupalika 6, Gamhariya, Bara BSC3 Tail

52 Ram Prit Mandal Fetta Gaupalika 5, Jotpur, Bara BSC3 Head

53 Mohammad Ansari Fetta Gaupalika 5, Jotpur, Bara BSC3 Tail

54 Sakachan Pandit Teherampur gaupalika-2,Bara BSC1 Middle

55 Prashanta Pandey Feta Gaupalika-1, Triveni, Bara BSC3 Middle

56 Ramji Shah Kalaiya municipality,12 BSC3 Tail

57 Samim Ansari kalaiya municipality,10 BSC3 Tail

58 Isahar Miya Kalaiya municipality,9 Matiarta BSC5 Middle

59 Samasodin Miya Kalaiya municipality-10,Bara BSC3 Tail

60 Ramchandra Mahato Feta Gaupalika -5,Jotpur BSC3 Head

61 Subadar miya Kalaiya municipality-10,Lilkanthawa BSC3 Tail

62 Mahindra Shah Feta Gaupalika -6,Gamhariya,Bara BSC3 Tail

63 Hakim miya Feta Gaupalika -6,Gamhariya,Bara BSC3 Middle

64 Koran miya Kalaiya muicipality-10,bara BSC3 Middle

65 Sanaulaha Ansari Kalaiya muicipality-10,bara BSC3 Tail

66

Mohammad Ashik

Ansari

Kalaiya muicipality-

10,Lilkanthawa,bara BSC3 Tail

67 Chhaku Shah Bishrampur VDC-8,Kailanpur,Bara BSC1 Middle

68 Nirmal Shah Bishrampur VDC-8,Kailanpur,Bara BSC1 Middle

69 Shivanarayan Bhagat Bishrampur VDC-7,Kailanpur,Bara BSC1 Middle

70 Ramekbal Shah Bishrampur VDC-7,Kailanpur,Bara BSC1 Tail

71 Bhagarathi Shah Feta Gaupalika-9,Gamhariya BSC3 Middle

72 Rukhmina Devi Feta Gaupalika-4,Fulworiya BSC1 Middle

73 Khedu Shah Bishrampur-9,Kailanpur,Bara BSC1 Middle

74 Nabi Miya Ansari Bishrampur-2,Marwaliya,Bara BSC1 Middle

75 Rajendra Shah Bishrampur-2,Marwaliya,Bara BSC1 Middle

76 Krishna Shah Bishrampur-2,Marwaliya,Bara BSC1 Middle

77 Gajir Baitha Bishrampur-2,Marwaliya,Bara BSC1 Middle

78 Lal mohammad Ansari Feta gaupalika-7,Gamhariya,bara BSC3 Tail

79 Bhimlal Miya Feta gaupalika-5,Jotpur,bara BSC3 Middle

80 Jalaya Alam miya Kalaiya municipality-10,Nilkanthawa BSC3 Tail

81 Nasir Mohammad Kalaiya municipality-10,Nilkanthawa BSC3 Tail



Page 52

Ansari

82 Aliyas Ansari Kalaiya municipality-10,Nilkanthawa BSC3 Tail

83 Chanika Raut Badhai Bishrampur-1,Kailanpur,Bara BSC1 Tail

84 Dhurendra Shah

Kalaiya municipality-

12,Dharmanagar BSC3 Tail

85 Suruj Pandit kalaiya municipality,10,Matiarta BSC5 Middle

86 Dinesh Shah kalaiya municipality,20,Basatpur BSC5 Tail

87 Munilal Shah Kanu kalaiya municipality,20,Basatpur BSC5 Head

88 Punit Shah kalaiya municipality,20,Basatpur BSC5 Head

89 Mohammad Sabir kalaiya municipality,10,Basatpur BSC5 Middle

90 Kapil Dev Mahato Feta gaupalika-5,Jotpur BSC3 Tail

91 Rama Kashari kalaiya municipality,12,Dharmanagar BSC5 Tail

92 Masahar Dewan Matiarwa municipaliti-9,Bara BSC5 Middle

93 Ramprabesh Mahato Feta gaupalika-5,Jotpur BSC3 Tail

94 Saraju Raut Kurmi Feta gaupalika-5,Jotpur BSC3 Tail

95 Bicharan Mahato Feta gaupalika-5,Jotpur BSC3 Tail

96 Nandalal Sahani Feta gaupalika-5,Jotpur BSC3 Middle

97 Bikaram Mahato Feta gaupalika-5,Jotpur BSC3 Tail

98 Chanchir Mahato Feta gaupalika-5,Jotpur BSC3 Tail

99 Jamdar Sahani Feta gaupalika-5,Jotpur BSC3 Tail

100 Hiraman Mahato Feta gaupalika-5,Jotpur BSC3 Middle

101 Jaya prakash Sahani Feta gaupalika-5,Jotpur BSC3 Middle

102 Mukesh Mahato Feta gaupalika-5,Jotpur BSC3 Middle

103 Darshan Dusad Feta gaupalika-7,Gamhariya,bara BSC3 Middle

104 Sishupal Shah Feta gaupalika-5,Jotpur BSC3 Head

105 Rambabu Yadav Bishrampur VDC-9,Kailanpur BSC1 Middle

106 Jagan Raut Bishrampur VDC-9,Kailanpur BSC1 Middle



Page 53

Annex-VI KII respondents S.N Respondents from office Respondents from WUA

1 Mr jangabahadur Chaudhary(AO) Radheshyam Prasad (Treasurer)

2 Er. Suresh shah (Engineer) Madan Shah Kanu (Secretary)

3 Er. Sumit Gupta(Engineer, SMU) Ramdev Shah Teli (President)

4 Piyush Bhattrai Consultant IWRMP



Page 54

Annex-VII Field Photographs

WUA MAIN COMMITTEE OFFICE BUILDING &

SIGN BOARD

FGD WITH WUAs



Page 55

WUA CONSTITUTION

KII with Farmers

WUA COMMITTEE

RECORD



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Sugarcane Grown Command area

Grass covered Barren Field