dr. thierry devreker - kics.sport.vlaanderen documenten/kennisdag g… · 10/06/13 . alcohol and...

Alcohol en sportende adolescenten

nuchter scoort beter !

Dr. Thierry Devreker Universitair Kinderziekenhuis Brussel

Sportivos

Over alcohol en drugs in de sportclub

Johan Jongbloet VAD

(Vlaams expertisecentrum voor alcohol, illegale drugs, psychoactieve medicatie, gokken en gamen)

Kennisdag 07 december 2016

Intuitively, when you take in account - the physical demands for exercise

- the relation between health and performance

You should expect that sporters consume less

alcohol than non sporters.

10/06/13

Alcohol and sport

Alcohol use and sport practice are linked since many years(1) , alcohol is even

associated to sport (2) and alcohol fits in the social context of sport (3).

A recent review in adults by Lisha& Sussman in 2010 found in 22 of the 29

studies a positive association between sport and alcohol consumption.(5)

A French study in sporting adolescents demonstrates that they consume alcohol

earlier, more frequently and more in quantity.(6)

Girls follow the same trend as boys.(7)

Sporters in competition level drink more than recreational or top-sporting.(8)

(1) O’Brien, C.P. (1993). Alcohol and sport, impact of social drinking on recreational and competitive sports performance. Sports Medicine 1993 (15): 71-77.

(2) Maughan, R.J. (2006). Alcohol and football. J Sports Sci, 24: 741-748.

(3) O’Brien, C.P, Lyons, F.(2000). Alcohol and the athlete. Sports Med, 5: 295-300.

(4) Poortinga, W. (2007). Association of physical activity with smoking and alcohol consumption: A sport or occupation effect? Preventive Medicine, 45: 66-

(5) Lisha NE, Sussman S. Relationship of high school and college sports participation with alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use: a review. Addict Behav 2010: 35: 399–407.70

(6) Lorente, F.O, Souville, M, Griffet, J, Grélot, L. (2004) Participation in sports and alcohol consumption among French adolescents. Addicitive Behaviors, 29: 941-946.

(7) (Martens, M.P. et al,. 2006)

(8) (Bosco, R. et al.,2012).

Nederlandse studie bij teamsporters.

26 verenigingen met totaal van 723 enquêtes

titel 6 8-12-2016

Aantal glazen alcohol dat gedronken wordt per moment uitgedrukt in percentages.

Alcohol en Teamsport Een onderzoek in opdracht van Transferpunt Sport Elle Driessen en Evelien te Rietstap Januari 2009


titel 7 8-12-2016

Overzicht in percentage van eerst genuttigde na de wedstrijd.



titel 8 8-12-2016

Overzicht van percentage respondenten m.b.t. het veranderen van alcoholconsumptie het komende halfjaar.


Belgian sporting adolescents and alcohol

Questionnaire in schools, sport clubs and youth

societies.

513 participants 476 completed

269 (56,5 %) girls / 207 (43,5%) boys

146 (30,7%) 12-14 y

199 (41,8%) 14-16 y

131 (27,5%) 16-18 y

123 (25,8) no sport

353 (74,2) sport

172 recreation

158 competition

23 top sport

Boys Girls

No

alcohol

49/207 23,7 % 68/269 25,3 %

Alcohol 158/207 76,3 % 201/269 74,7 %

12-14 y 35 16,9 % 45 16,7 %

14-16 y 64 30,9 % 95 35,3 %

16-18 y 59 28,5 % 61 22,7 %

207 269


0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

12-14 j 14-16 j 16-18 j

sporters 0,09 0,36 0,63

niet sporters 0,08 0,2 0,34

N alcohol units/person/day


*

*

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

sport Jongens niet sport Jongens

sport Meisjes niet sport Meisjes

12-14 j 0,05 0,02 0,04 0,06

14-16 j 0,22 0,16 0,14 0,04

16-18 j 0,51 0,26 0,12 0,09

N alcohol units/person/day


*

*

13

Why ?

hypothesized relationship between sport and alcohol

Motivational framework The “work hard, play hard” hypothesis (1). The concept behind this hypothesis is that a

subset of college students are motivated to put forth maximum effort in all their activities It

also would predict that grade point average would interact with alcohol consumption.

Extrinsic versus intrinsic motivation.

This variable is suggested by recent findings that collegiate athletes and exercisers who

were extrinsically motivated to engage in sports/exercise drank more than collegiate athletes

and exercisers who were intrinsically motivated to engage in sports/exercise (2).

The “damage control” hypothesis in which individuals seek to control the damage done by

alcohol consumption.

14

1. Parker, H., & Williams, L. (2003). Intoxicated weekends: young adults’ work hard play hard lifestyles, public health and public disorder. Drugs: Education,Prevention & Policy, 10, 345e367

2. Rockafellow, B., & Saules, K. (2006). Substance use by college students: the role of intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation for athletic involvement. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 20, 279e287

3. The incongruous alcohol-activity association: Physical activity and alcohol consumption in college students Jessica R.B. Musselman a,*, Patricia C. Rutledge Psychology of Sport and Exercise 11 (2010) 609e618


Motivational framework The “stress ” hypothesis

15

16 titel 13 10/06/13

Personality/mood framework

It is possible that alcohol consumption and physical activity are

linked via a personality trait.

Prior research suggests that either extraversion (1) or sensation

seeking (2) could be this trait.

Susceptibility to perceived media images

Rebelliousness

Self-image

17


1. Rhodes, R. E., & Smith, N. E. (2006). Personality correlates of physical activity: a review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40, 958e965. 2. Sallis, J. F., Prochaska, J. J., & Taylor, W. C. (2000). A review of correlates of physical activity in children and adolescents. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 32,

963e975

External factors

Sub-culture of a sport (e.g., peer norms, bonding, initiation

rituals)

Influence of perceived social norms, with overestimation of peer

drinking

The type and quality of organizational structure.

The time commitment to be involved in a particular sport, or coach

expectations.

Competitiveness among athletes may translate from the practice

and playing arenas into activities like attempting to out-drink one's

peers.

18


The Impact of Alcohol Marketing on Youth Drinking Behaviour: A Two-stage Cohort Study Ross Gordon , Anne Marie MacKintosh and Crawford Moodie

Alcohol and Alcoholism Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 470–480, 2010

UK cohort study examines the cumulative impact of alcohol marketing communications on youth drinking during the period when most adolescents start experimenting with alcohol, from age 13 to 15.

In addition, and unlike most research in this area, we also examined non-traditional

alcohol marketing channels such as new media, sponsorship and e-marketing

The findings show a small but significant association between awareness of and

involvement with alcohol marketing, and youth drinking behaviour, even after

controlling for important confounding variables.

They also show a small but significant association between appreciation of alcohol

advertising and youth drinking behaviour.

19

Sponsoring


Sponsoring

20


Een pint met verstand gedronken…..

21

Op 10 oktober 2013 omstreeks 08:52, zei Louis Goovaerts: Hebben die ' onderzoekers ' nu echt niets anders te doen ? Die dokter moet zorgen dat hij werk vind en wel bij hoogdringendheid.

Op 10 oktober 2013 omstreeks 10:20, zei John Meulebrouck: Dan zal men terug beweren dat de mensen verzuren. Men wil alles afnemen van de werkende mens. Deze ivoren toren mensen zullen wel champagne slurpen. Daarbij ik denk persoonlijk dat het een racistische titel is, die kantine is ook een mama's kantine. Ten tweede denk ik dat een pint gezonder is dan een cola, een pint met verstand gedronken natuurlijk. Neem de kantine weg er zijn zeker 60% mindersportclubs wegens geldgebrek.

Ten tweede denk ik dat een pint gezonder is dan een cola, een pint met verstand gedronken natuurlijk.

Is it really a problem ?

22

Emerging adulthood

It is during these years that individuals make the important

developmental transition from late adolescence to early

young adulthood, a period referred to as “emerging

adulthood” (1) and evidence suggests that health habits

established in this period continue into later adulthood,

thereby affecting life-long health (2).

.

23

(1) Arnett, J. J. (2004). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. New York: Oxford University Press (2) Bell, S., & Lee, C. (2006). Does timing and sequencing of transitions to adulthood make a difference? Stress, smoking, and physical activity among young Australian women. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 13, 265e274

Alcohol and public health concern

youth drinking behaviors represent a major public health concern,

given the possible injurious consequences including

Poor educational performance (1)

Risky sexual behavior and teenage pregnancy (2)

Crime and disorder (3)

Psychological harms (4)

Is a predictor of future dependency (2,5)

24

(1) HM Government. (2007) Safe. Sensible. Social. The Next Steps in the National Alcohol Strategy. London: The Stationery Office.

(2) Newbury-Birch D, Walker J, Avery L. et al. (2009) Impact of Alcohol Consumption on Young People: A Review of Reviews. Newcastle: Institute of Health and Society.

(3) Hibell B, Guttormsson U, Ahlström S. et al. (2009) The 2007 ESPAD report: Substance Use Among Students in 35 European Countries. Stockholm: The Swedish Council for

Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN) and the Pompidou Group of the Council of Europe.

(4) Scottish Government. (2010) The Societal Cost of Alcohol Misuse in Scotland for 2007. Edinburgh: The Stationery Office.

(5 ) Bonomo YA, Bowes G, Coffey C. et al. (2004) Teenage drinking and the onset of alcohol dependence: a cohort study over seven years. Addiction 99:1520–8.

Alcohol and public health concern: DDD

The Dangers of Drinking and Driving In de USA between 1985 and 1996, Quinlan et al. found that 5,555 child passenger deaths

involved a drinking driver, yielding an average of 463 deaths per year. Of these, 64%

occurred while the child was riding with a drinking driver (of which 67% were aged 21 or

older). Thus, Quinlan et al. estimated that approximately 198 children were killed annually

while being driven by a drinking adult. (1)

Kelley-Baker, revealed that in the period 1982–2011 about 18% of the 28,377 children were

fatally injured by their own drinking driver aged 21 or older. This averages approximately

177 child deaths annually (over 29 years). (2)

Passengers were less likely to be appropriately seated and to be restrained when

transported by a driver positive for drugs and alcohol, but this finding varied according to

passenger age and drug/alcohol category. (3)

25

1. Quinlan, K. P., Brewer, R. D., Sleet, D. A., & Dellinger, A.M. (2000). Characteristics of child passenger deaths and injuries involving drinking drivers. JAMA, 283(17),2249–2252

2. Tara Kelley-Baker , Eduardo Romano Child passengers killed in reckless and alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes Journal of Safety Research 48 (2014) 103–110

3, Yanlan Huang, Chang Liu, Joyce C. Pressley; Child Restraint Use and Driver Screening in Fatal Crashes Involving Drugs and Alcohol Pediatrics Sep 2016, 138 (3) e20160319;

DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-0319

Effects of alcohol on Human Physiology

Thermoregulation and Hydration (1-6)

Inhibition of anti-diuretic hormone

Peripheral vasodilator

Interference of central thermoregulatory mechanisms

Decrease work tolerance

Reducing the alcohol content of beer alone had a significant

positive impact on eventual net fluid balance

1, Luis A. Chui MD, Theodore L. Munsat MD, John R. Craig : fect of ethanol on lactic acid production by exercised normal muscle Muscle Nerve 1978 Jan-Feb;1(1):57-61.

2, Eisenhofer G, Johnson RH. Effect of ethanol ingestion on plasma vasopressin and water balance in humans. Am J Physiol 1982; 242(5):R522–R527.28.

3, Kleeman CR, Rubini ME, Lamdin E et al. Studies on alcohol diuresis. II. The evaluation of ethyl alcohol as an inhibitor of the neurohypophysis. J Clin Invest 1955;34(3):448–455.29.

4, Eggleton MG. The diuretic action of alcohol in man. J Physiol 1942;101(2):172–191.30.

5, Hobson RM, Maughan RJ. Hydration status and the diuretic action of a small dose of alcohol. Alcohol 2010; 45(4):366–373.

6, Ben Desbrow, Daniel Murray, and Michael Leveritt Beer as a Sports Drink? Manipulating Beer’s Ingredients to Replace Lost Fluid International Journal of Sport Nutrition and

Exercise Metabolism, 2013, 23, 593 -600


Skeletal Muscle

Inhibits Ca2+ transport into the myocyte

Impairs excitation-contraction coupling (1)

Compromise sarcolemma integrity - creatine kinase (CK)

A single oral dose of ethanol decreases lactic acid production by

exercised muscle in normal subjects.

1, Cofan M, Nicolas JM, Fernandez-Sola J, Robert J, Tobias E, Sacanella E, Estruch R, Urbano-Marquez A: Acute ethanol treatment decreases intracellular calcium-ion transients in

mouse single skeletal muscle fibers in vitro. Alcohol Alcohol 2000, 35:134–138.


Metabolism

Alcohol induces hypoglycemia

Alcohol consumption decreases glucose and amino acid utilization,

which can have adverse effects on energy supply to exercising

muscle (1)

Ethanol consumption induces hypoglycemia and decreases glucose

appearance in plasma by decreasing hepatic gluconeogenesis (2)

1, Spolarics Z, Bagby GJ, Pekala PH, Dobrescu C, Skrepnik N, Spitzer JJ: Acute alcohol administration attenuates insulin-mediated glucose use by skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol

1994, 267:E886–E891.

2, Vella LD, Cameron-Smith D: Alcohol, athletic performance and recovery. Nutrients 2010, 2:781–789


Neurological

Depressant

A dose-dependent impairment of balance, visual search, recognition

and accuracy of fine motor skills.

Disturbance in sleep(1)

Cognitive function, in particular memory retrieval,(2) attention(3) and

reaction time(3) is impaired

1, Mahesh M. Thakkar, Rishi Sharma, Pradeep Sahota: Alcohol disrupts sleep homeostasis Alcohol 49 (2015) 299e310

3, Verster JC, van Duin D, Volkerts ER et al. Alcohol hang over effects on memory functioning and vigilance performance after an evening of binge drinking.

Neuropsychopharmacology 2003 Apr; 28(4):740–746.

4 Kruisselbrink LD, Martin KL, Megeney M et al. Physical and psychomotor functioning of females the morning after consuming low to moderate quantities of beer. J Stud

Alcohol 2006; 67(3):416–420.

Cardiac effects

Lang et al. examined the effects of acute alcohol administration on left ventricular

contractility using echocardiography and found that alcohol had a significant

depressant effect on the myocardium. (1,3)

Chronic alcohol abuse has significant detrimental effects on the human cardiac

muscle. (2)

In some cases acute ingestion will cause myocardial irritability, resulting in

arrhythmias, particularly potentially fatal atrial arrhythmias (4)


1, Lang RM, Borow KM, Neumann A, Feldman T: Adverse cardiac effects of acute alcohol ingestion in young adults. Ann Intern Med 1985, 102:742–747.

2, Richardson P, et al: Report of the 1995 World Health Organization/International Society and Federation of Cardiology Task Force on the Definition and

Classification of cardiomyopathies.Circulation 1996, 93:841–842.

3. Strauss RH. Sports medicine. Philadelphia (PA):W.B Saunders Co., 1991

4. American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 4th ed. Philadelphia (PA):Lea & Febiger, 1991

Alcohol and Performance Aerobic Performance

Detrimental to endurance performance. Threshold of 20 mmol/L of alcohol

Anaerobic Performance

Recent research has consistently seen no change in strength or power characteristics

following acute alcohol ingestion


Virgile Lecoultre and Yves Schutz Effect of a Small Dose of Alcohol on the Endurance Performance of Trained Cyclists Alcohol &

Alcoholism Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 278–283, 2009

Immune Function Acute alcohol exposure upsets the balance of normal inflammatory processes, resulting in a net shift

towards an anti-inflammatory environment through selective alterations in cytokine activity

Down regulation or impairment of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a product results in a decrease in

endothelial cell activation (1-3)

acute alcohol treatment also inhibits interleukin (IL)-1b and IL-6 expression , further limiting the pro-

inflammatory response to trauma. (4-6)

Alcohol also increases production of anti-inflammatory molecules. (2)

As well as limiting the neutrophil’s ability to move to the site of inflammation, alcohol also inhibits

superoxide production, an important weapon in the process of phagocytosis (7)


1. Szabo G. Consequences of alcohol consumption on host defence. Alcohol Alcohol. 1999;34(6):830–41.

2. Zhao XJ, Marrero L, Song K, et al. Acute alcohol inhibits TNFa processing in human monocytes by inhibiting TNF/TNF-a converting enzyme interactions in the cell

membrane. J Immunol. 2003;170(6):2923–31.

3. Szabo G, Mandrekar P, Girouard L, et al. Regulation of human monocyte functions by acute ethanol treatment: decreased tumor necrosis factor a, Interleukin-B and

elevated interleukin-10, and transforming growth.

4. Fitzgerald DJ, Radek KA, Chaar M, et al. Effects of acute ethanol exposure on the early inflammatory response after excisional injury. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007;31(2):317–23.

5. Goral J, Choudhry MA, Kovacs EJ. Acute ethanol exposure inhibits macrophage IL-6 production: role of p38 and ERK1/2 MAPK. J Leukoc Biol. 2004;75(3):553–9.

6. Szabo G. Monocytes, alcohol use, and altered immunity. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1998;22(s5):216S–9S.

7. Patel M, Keshavarzian A, Kottapalli V, et al. Human neutrophil functions are inhibited in vitro by clinically relevant ethanol concentrations. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1996;20(2):275–83.

Hormone Function


Alcohol and Exercise Recovery Decrease in serum glucose during recovery (1)

Clinical association between chronic alcohol abuse and skeletal muscle myopathy

Inflammatory processes are modulated by chronic and acute alcohol use

Alcohol impairs glycogen re-synthesis (1)

Alcohol impairs muscle protein synthesis to 37% without protein intake in recovery (2)

When protein was consumed in amounts shown to be optimally effective to stimulate

muscle protein synthesis during post-exercise recovery, the intake of alcohol reduced MPS

by 24%, representing only a partial ‘rescue’ of the anabolic response compared with protein

alone.

Muscle damage : full recovery is not achieved, the likelihood of further injury to the muscle

may be increased (3)


1. Matthew J. Barnes Alcohol: Impact on Sports Performance and Recovery in Male Athletes Sports Med (2014) 44:909–919

2. Alcohol Ingestion Impairs Maximal Post-Exercise Rates of Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis following a Single Bout of Concurrent Training Evelyn B. Parr, Donny M. Camera1, Jose´ L.

Areta, Louise M. Burke, Stuart M. Phillips, John A. Hawley, Vernon G. Coffey PLoS One 2014 Feb 12;9(2):e88384

3, Taylor DC, Dalton JD, Seaber AV, et al. Experimental muscle strain injury. Am J Sport Med. 1993;21(2):190–4.


Alcohol and injury

36

Associations between heavy episodic drinking and alcohol related injuries: a case control study Ingeborg Rossow, Stig Tore Bogstrand, Øivind Ekeberg

and Per Trygve Normann. BMC Public ealth2013; 13:1076


Alcohol and injury

Is prevention possible ?

37

Prevention

38

Regering(en)

Bonden

Sporta, sport associaties

Clubhouse

Ouders/Supporters

Jongeren

Inkomsten voor de overheid

De economische betekenis van de alcoholindustrie is

aanzienlijk in veel Europese landen

Werkgelegenheid.

39

751,886,830 euro

Olympic committee : prevention

Norway 3500 adolescents between 12 and 18 year.

Participation in sports was an important factor delaying alcohol debut.

Norwegian sport clubs have strict rules for use of alcohol. (1)

10/06/13

(1) Teenage alcohol and intoxication debut: the impact of family socialization factors, living area and participation in organized sports. Hellandsjobu et all. Alcohol and alcoholism

Vol 37 N° 1 pp 74-80.

Parent communication and modeling

Socialization processes may encourage the association between sports and

alcohol consumption.

Peer group influence and parental norms are important in predicting adolescent

athletes’ alcohol use, which suggest key opportunities for intervention and

education [1].

INTERVENTION – PREVENTION

Parent communication and modeling of appropriate behaviors may be a viable

avenue for decreasing adolescent athletes’ alcohol consumption. [2]

(1) Relationship of high school and college sports participation with alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use: a review. Lisha NE, Sussman S. Addict Behav

2010; 35:399–407

(2) Involvement in sport and intention to consume alcohol: an exploratory study of UK adolescents. Davies FM, Foxall GR. J Appl Soc Psychol 2011;

41:2284–2311.

Clubhouse: risk

Australia: 328 community football clubs were contacted.

Upon screening, 228 (70%) of these clubs were deemed eligible to participate and

invited to take part in the study. Of these, 72 (32%) clubs consented to participate.

Members of clubs that

served alcohol to intoxicated people [OR: 2.23 (95% CI: 1.26-3.93)],

conducted ‘happy hour’ promotions [OR: 2.84 (95% CI: 1.84-4.38)]

provided alcohol-only awards and prizes [OR: 1.80 (95% CI: 1.16-2.80)]

were at significantly greater odds of consuming alcohol at risky levels than

members of clubs that did not have such alcohol management practices. (1)

1. Kingsland et al. Alcohol consumption and sport: a cross-sectional study of alcohol management practices associated with at-risk alcohol consumption at community football clubs

BMC Public Health 2013, 13:762

43

An recent study showed that sports clubs using accredited

programs to reduce alcohol risk have a reduction in short and

long-term risky drinking among members. (2)

The whole project started in 1970

Rowland B, Allen F, Toumbourou JW: Association of risky alcohol consumption and accreditation in the 'Good Sports' alcohol management programme. J Epidemiol Community Health 2012, 66(8):684–690

Clubhouse: risk

SPORTIVOS in Vlaanderen

45

Sportivos

Over alcohol en drugs in de

sportclub

Sportivos

Preventie in praktijk

www.vad.be/sportivos - [email protected]

http://www.vad.be/sportivos

Sportivos

Preventie in theorie (WHO)

www.vad.be/sportivos -

[email protected]

Educatie

• Want je moet WETEN, WILLEN, KUNNEN, …

Regels

• Want de wet/clubregels zijn er voor een reden gekomen

Begeleiding

• Want er zijn er altijd die extra steun nodig hebben

Ondersteuning

• Want alle moeite moet duurzaam zijn binnen de club

VISIE

Sportivos streeft naar sportclubs waar alle leden voor elkaar zorgen,

waar jonge sporters zich op sportief en persoonlijk vlak gezond en

veilig kunnen ontplooien, waar gezelligheid en geborgenheid altijd

centraal staan en iedereen, ongeacht achtergrond, leeftijd of gender

zich welkom voelt.

MISSIE

Sportivos-clubs streven naar een veilige en zorgzame

clubomgeving met gezondheidswinst voor sporters, clubleden,

sympathisanten en bezoekers van de sportclub.

Sportivos draagt zo bij aan …


[email protected]

SPORTIVOS: preventietraject voor

sportclubs


[email protected]

Beginnen met Sportivos Brons


[email protected]

Label scoren


[email protected]


Do

org

aa

n m

et

Sp

ort

ivo

s Z

ilv

er

1. Hoofdstuktitel

SPORTIVOS: Evaluatie opzet


[email protected]

T1 T2 T3 T4

• Verbeterede kennis, attitudes en normen op alcohol en drugs en de impact ervan op de

sportclub en het –lichaam.

• Minder excessief/ risicovol drinken

• Minder drinken en rijden

• Minder alcohol- en druggerelateerde risico’s en schade

• Beter vermogen om incidenten gerelateerd aan alcohol en drugs op te lossen en een

snellere doorverwijzing naar professionele hulpverlening

• Duurzaamheid in termen van gezondheid en financiën

SPORTIVOS: Evaluatie van determinanten


[email protected]

Good Sports

Impact

Gebaseerd op 62 studies zien we dat:

alcohol consumptie in de club naar

beneden gaat .

Risicovol drinken op korte en lange

termijn afneemt.

rijden en drinken afneemt.

er minder clubs gevallen van agressie

en (fysiek/ verbaal) geweld ervaren.

(5.16)

(4.26)

(3.6)

(3.11)

0 2 4 6

Non-GS

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Aantal standaard glazen per drinkgelegenheid

Inkomsten van club niet aangetast,

maar net tegenovergesteld daaraan

stijgen ze.

62.65%

10.16%

7.26%

7.41%

12.52%

Level 1

Alcohol

Membership

Sponsorship

Canteen

Other

27.79%

17.95%

13.98%

14.84%

25.44%

Level 3

Good Sports

Impact

De club rekruteert meer leden, in het

bijzondere jeugd en dames.

Het project draagt bij tot social kapitaal

van de club.

Het werd graag uitgevoerd en goed

beschouwd door clubs.

0

20

40

60

80

GenderAge

Playing Status

MaleOver 18

Player

FemaleUnder 18

Non-Player

% in

crease

Leden van een club op gouden niveau hebben een

betere band met de club.

In het bijzondere voelt men zich gewaardeerd, veilig en

comfortabel.

Good Sports

Impact

Sportivos: over alcohol en drugs n de

sportclub

Alle info en vrijblijvend inschrijven op

www.vad.be/sportivos

Contact: [email protected]


mailto:[email protected]

dr. thierry devreker - kics.sport.vlaanderen documenten/kennisdag g… · 10/06/13 . alcohol and...

Documents