dr. paul njiruh nthakanio………tuk dr. james i. kanya …………………uon dr. john m. kimani...
TRANSCRIPT
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PROGRESS IN PRODUCTION OF SUPER YIELDING HYBRID BASMATI RICE IN KENYA
DR. Paul Njiruh Nthakanio………TUKDr. James I. Kanya …………………UoNDr. John M. Kimani ………………...KARI MweaDr. Raphael Wanjogu ………………MIAD
FUNDED / COLLABORATORS NATIONAL IRRIGATION BOARB , TUK, UoN, KARI
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Work started in 2011 under NCST funding.
In 2012, we approached NIB which agreed to support the project financially.
Project is being conducted in four phases
Phase one: Adaptability of breeding rice lines in Kenya at KARI
Mwea (In green house and natural conditions):-Done
Phase Two: Breeding. Hybridization between Basmatis (370 and 217
) as paternal parents and PGMS and TGMS rice lines (Obtained
from IRRI):- On going.
Phase Three: Natural sterility induction in Mombasa; On going.
HYBRID RICE PROJECT
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Phase 4: Production of hybrid rice in Bunyala and Mwea.
Publication
Kanya J.I., Njiru P.N., Kimani J.N., Wanjogu R.K. (2013):
Evaluation of Photoperiod and Thermosensitive Genic Male
Sterile Lines For Hybrid Rice Seeds Production in Kenya.
International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural
Research (2223-7054 (Print) 2225-3610 (Online)
http://www.innspub.net Vol. 3, No. 2, p. 21-39,
2013).
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1.1 Background : Rice production in Kenya
Over 300 tonnes of rice is consumed in Kenya.
About 100 tones is locally produced.
In Kenya rice is mainly grown in Mwea, Ahero, Bunyala, West
Kano, Yala Swamp (MoA, 2011).
About 98% of Mwea rice is Basmati.
By year 2030 Kenya population is expected to be 60.0million.
Rice yield is expected to increase 600% to feed the population.
1. INTRODUCTION
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Year 2006 2013 2030 2050Kenya Population 38m 40m 60m ??
Production (Tones) 64,840 100,00 ?? ??
Area (ha) 23,106 ?? ?? ??
1.2 Rice Situation in Kenya
Table1. Source: NCPB and Department of Land, Crops Development and Management, USDA
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Global Concerns
High yielding varieties (HYV) dwarf rice
varieties have reached breeding plateau
hence global yield.
Green revolution technology now need re-
innovation.
1.3 Food security Problem
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Low yield per hectare of Basmati rice
(4.1ha) (Ministry of Agriculture, 2010).
Rice consumption is far above production.
Rice diseases like blast continue to reduce
yields (Wanjogu and Mugambi, 2001).
Kenya concerns
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1.4 Hybrid Vigour and higher yields Hybridization has been used to increase rice
yield per hectare (Zhang, 2010).
High yield is due to heterosis or hybrid vigour.
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1.5 Measuring heterosis?
Mid-Parent (MP) heterosis(F1 performs better than mean of two parents):
F1-MP MP
X100
Better Parent (BP) heterosis(F1 performs better than better parent):
Standard heterosis(F1 performs better than the check variety):
F1-BP BP
X100
X100F1-CK CK
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To make a cross Male and female parents are needed.
a) Female need to have non-viable male gametes so that they can be crossed with another variety.
b) Male parent: need to have viable pollen.
1.6 Production of Hybrid
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CMS vs EGMS
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x
Female with sterile pollen but fertile ovule.
Male parent with fertile pollen
Hybrid plant
Hybridization
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Male emasculation is done to induce male sterility, a condition in which the pollen grains are not viable to fertilize normally to set seeds.
Methods of male emasculation
a) Environmental Genic Male sterility method (EGMS)‣ PGMS – photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile lines. Uses long
daylight length to induce sterility
‣ TGMS - thermosentive genic male sterile lines Uses high temperature to induce sterility
1.7 Male emasculation
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b) Cytoplasmic genetic male sterility (CMS)Male sterility is controlled by the interaction of a genetic factor (S) present in the cytoplasm and nuclear gene (s).
c) Chemically induced male sterilityMale sterility is induced by some chemicals (gametocides).
Methods of emasculation continued
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.
CMS Vs PGMS
Based on the discovery of P(T)GMS mutant
Male sterility controlled by 1 or 2 pairs of recessive gene(s)
FertileS-line
Multiplication
Critical Fertility Point
Critical Sterility Point
Reproductive Upper Limit
Reproductive Lower Limit
SterileF1 Seed
Production
Partial Sterility
Model of Sterility / Fertility Expression for TGMS Rice
Temperature
low
high
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Use hybrid rice technology to raise yield
i) Introduce EGMS in Kenya and test for their adaptability.
ii) Develop Basmati with EGMS gene.
iii) Produce hybrids by crossing EGMS-Basmati with conventional Basmati.
1.8 Objective
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2. MATERIALS EGMS included; PGMS and TGMS LINES FROM
IRRI.These are:-PGMS Lines V1 - IR-73827-23-76-15-7S V3 - IR-75589-31-27-8-33S
TGMS Rice V2 - IR-77271-42-5-4-36S.
Basmati370
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3. METHODS
Test for EGMS adaptability Sowing of EGMS in KARI Mwea.
Growth at sterility conditions and spikelet fertility assessed.
Growth under fertility inducing conditions and spikelet fertility assessed.
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Sowing of EGMS in greenhouse
a bFig. a and b show EGMS and the greenhouse respectively
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3.1.2 Complete male sterile EGMS
a b ca). EGMS under sterility inducing conditions, b). sterile panicle and c). Pollen from sterile panicle.
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Reversion of EGMS to fertility (fertility inducing conditions )
a b Ca). EGMS rice plant, b). Panicles and c). Pollen from plants grown under fertility inducing conditions respectively with grains.
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Evaluation of spikelet and seed fertility Rice line Treatmen
tFertile Pollen (blue black staining pollen) %
AverageSeed set per panicle%
1 V1PGMS LDL + HT 0 02 V2TGMS LDL + HT 1 33 V3PGMS LDL + HT 0 0
Average 0.33 11 V1PGMS NDL + HT 0 02 V2TGMS NDL + HT 0 23 V3 PGMS NDL + HT 0 0
Average 0 0.671 V1PGMS NDL + NT 64 452 V2TGMS NDL + NT 60 303 V3PGMS NDL + NT 55 26
Average 59.67 33.67
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Hybrid seeds and Anthocianin
a b c
a). Hybrid rice, b and c show hybrid rice with deep anthocyanin at the base of the plant.
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Anthocyanin Morphological Marker
V1 xb370 cross
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Marker aided breeding
Lane 1: Rader, V1xB217, V1 xB370, V2xB217, V2xB370, V3xB217, VxB370)
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Marker aided breeding continued
Ladder V1,V1xB217, B217
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Doubled haploid
Calli from anthers of hybrid plants
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STARING MOMBASA WORK
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Contact person at KARI Mutwapa
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Sabaki river
Planning for Malindi sowing
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S/No
New line being tested Remarks
1 V1B217P001 Long awns
2 V13B217P002 Long awns
3 V1B217P003 awnless
4 V1B217P004 Short awns
5 V1B217P005 Long awns
5 V1B217P006 Short awns
6 V1B217P007 Short awns
F4 Lines Under Test
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Line Identity Number of lines under trial
V1XB217 52
V2X217 23V3X217 35V1X370 38V2X 370 55V3X 370 55
F4 Lines under trial
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F3 plants in the field
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F3 Plants in the field
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MIAD NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
M2U00022.MPG
Acknowledgement
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THANK YOU