dr. markus mattenklott bgia - institute for occupational safety and health of the german social...

Dr. Markus MattenklottBGIA - Institute for Occupational Safety and Healthof the German Social Accident InsuranceGermany

The socio-economic costsof asbestos in Germany

“Asbestos – who pays the bill?Testimonies and Dialogue on Policy Recommendations”

Side-event at the 18th Session of the United NationsCommission for Sustainable Development (CSD18),06.04.2010, United Nations Headquarters, New York

06.04.2010The socio-economic costs of asbestos in Germany M. Mattenklott

Slide 2

Use of asbestos in Germany

Chrysotile:96 %Crocidolite:3 %Amosite: 1%

Interdiction of use of sprayed asbestos (1979)

Ban of asbestosin Germany (1993)

Total consumption1948 – 1993:

6 million tons


Slide 3

Development of legislation (main steps)

Since 1940: Guidelines and recommendationsby the German social accident insurance

1979: Prohibition of use of sprayed asbestos

1981 - 1993: Prohibition of marketing, fabrication,use of most asbestos products step by step

1993: General prohibition of mark., fabr. a. use of asbestos and asbestos containing products(with few special exceptions)

1995: Interdiction of asbestos exposureat workplaces(except for asbestos removal, controlledby special rules, exposure < 0,015 F/cm3) *)

2005: Ban of asbestos in the countries of theEuropean Union by a binding guideline

Exposure limit values [F/cm3]

chr amo cro

Since 1960

Recommended values (concerning conimetric data)

1973 chr: 0,15 mg/m3

1976 2,0 2,0 ---

1979New plants

2,01,0

2,01,0

2,01,0

1982 1,0 1,0 1,0

1985 1,0 1,0 0,5

1990 0,25 --- ---

1995 --- --- --- chr:

ch

ryso

tile

;

cro

: cr

oci

do

lite

;

am

o:

am

osi

te

*) Technical Rule for Hazardous Substances „Asbestos: Demolition, reconstruction or maintenance work„ (TRGS 519).Available in english www.baua.de, topic “Gefahrstoffe”, subtopic “TRGS”


Slide 4

Substitution of asbestos - e.g. asbestos cement

- Production of undulated panels without asbestos since December 1984- improved breaking strength and impact-resistance

Source: „Asbest und Gesundheit“, documentation of the Trade Union of fibre cement industries in Germany, 1994

Asbestos cementAsbestos-free fibre cement

“Eternit AG” in Germany: Substitution of asbestos in typical products (selection)and new asbestos-free products


Slide 5

Workplace exposure – acceptance of measures

Sources: BK-Report “Faserjahre 1/2007, German Social Accident Insurance – DGUV, 2007; „Asbestspätschäden“, report, Hessisches Social Ministry, 1986

20 F/cm3

0,5 F/cm3

Asbestos exposure at workplaces(mean values) in different industries

in Germany (FRG)

- Tools with low emissions were available - Use of these tools was prescribed Reality: no consequent use, no general acceptance


Slide 6

Asbestos related diseasesLiability and compensation in Germany

• Compensation of asbestos related occupational diseasesis implemented by a workers compensation system

(Workers compensation act of 1884)

• Workers compensation is executed by theGerman Statutory Accident Insurance

(statutory basis: German Social Code, Vol. 7)

• Workers compensation gives „immunity“ to employers,with the exception of employers liability in case of intent

• Contributions to workers compensation are paid by employers

• Occupational diseases are implemented by legislative body and listed in the German Occupational Diseases Ordinance


Slide 7

Asbestos related occup. diseases in Germany

1936: Severe asbestosis of the lung

1943: Severe asbestosis of the lung in combination with lung cancer

1976: asbestos induced mesothelioma of the pleura or peritoneum

1988: Lung cancer in combination with asbestosisor asbestos induced pleural disease

1993: Cumulative asbestos fibre exposure of at mini-mum 25x106 (Fibres/m3 x years) as third optionto accept lung cancer as asbestos caused

1997: Lung cancer or cancer of the larynx(in combination with asbestosis or pleural diseaseor cumulative asbestos fibre exposure of atminimum 25x106 (Fibres/m3 x years))

2009: Lung Cancer by syncarcinogenic effect of asbestosand polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure(dose calculation)


Slide 8

Asbestos related occup. diseases in Germany


Slide 9

Asbestos related diseases - Further development and costs


Slide 10

Asbestos related diseases - Cases and Costs

*) Optimistic assumption, that the culmination of cases per year will be reached in 2010

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Number of cases of asbestos related occupational diseases in Germanyup to 2008: 60,000in total (estimated): 120,000 *) (lung cancer + mesothelioma: 55,000)

Costs for asbestos related occupational diseases in Germany in 2008all costs: 540,000,000 US-$costs for pensions: 452,000,000 US-$ (84 % of all costs)

Costs for asbestos related occupational diseases in Germany 1987 - 2008all costs: 5,840,000,000 US-$costs for pensions: 4,840,000,000 US-$ (83 % of all costs)

Estimated total costs for asbestos related occup. diseases in Germany *)

all costs: 20,000,000,000 US-$costs for pensions: 17,000,000,000 US-$

April 2010: 1 Euro = 1.33 USD


Slide 11

Asbestos related diseases - Costs per Case

• Recipients of a pension in 2008: 25,958

• Mean pension per reciepent in 2008: 17,400 US-$

• Estimated mean durationof pension payment per case: 13 years

• Estimated total pension per case- asbestosis: 130,000 US-$- lung cancer: 320,000 US-$

- mesothelioma: 320,000 US-$

April 2010: 1 Euro = 1.33 USD


Slide 12

Further socio-economic impacts in Germany

• About 1500 workers dying per year due to former occupational asbestos contact

• Registration of workers with past (about 250,000) and current (abatement; about 70,000) asbestos contact, follow up and preventive occupational health checks (about 230,000 per year) (data for 2008)

• Costs for asbestos abatement in public and private buildings

• Uncontrolled current exposure: Health risks as a result of inappropriate handling of still used asbestos products in residential homes and industrial applications


Slide 13


Slide 14

Asbestos products used in Germany (e.g. 1975)

Product Asbestos [t] Kind of asbestos

Asbestos cement 140.000 95% chr, 4% cro, 1% amo

Brake and clutch linings 9.000 chr

Asbestos textiles 6.500 97% chr, 3% cro

Floor covering (flex boards, vinyl floor tiles) 15.000 chr

Gaskets 5.700 chr

Filtration media 1.500 chr, rarely amo

Moulding materials 2.000 chr

Asphalt covering (mastic asphalt) 1.000 chr

Spray-on asbestos coatings 500 cro, rarely chr

Chemical products for building and others 10.000 chr, cro chr:

ch

ryso

tile

;

cro

: cr

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lite

;

am

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am

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Source: G. Albracht, O.A. Schwerdtfeger (Ed.): Herausforderung Asbest, 432 p., Universum Verlagsgesellschaft, 1991


Slide 15

Substitution of asbestos in Germany (1)Field of application

Product groups, substitution by asbestos free products until end of

1990 1991 1994 (current)

Work protection

heat protection clothing and gloves, different textile objects

heat protect. cloth. against melts (temp. > 1000 °C)

Fire protection

fire protection panels and mats, spraying mixtures, insulation plaster, fire blankets, protective clothing, synthetic plastic materials, coatings/paints, mastics, putties, mortars, millboards, cords, mats, inorganic foams,seal bags, fire blankets and curtains,protection clothing for fire fighters

Thermal insulating

panels and mats, spraying mixtures, filling materials for cavities and interstices, shaped parts and moulding mixtures, textile products

Electrical insulation

insulation for cables/wires and household appliances, insulating materials, moulding materials

electrical insulation of special-purpose-cables

moulded thermo-setting materials for commutators

Gaskets and seals

flat and other formed gaskets, cylinder head gaskets, high temperatureseals, compensators

Flat/other formed gaskets for cars and industrial appl.



Slide 16

Substitution of asbestos in Germany (2)

Field of application

Product groups, substitution by asbestos free products until end of

1990 1991 1994 (current)

Filtration fine- and aseptic-filtration media for liquids, gas filtration (ventilation, dust removal), gasmask filters, diaphragms

2010: chrysotile containing diaphragms for chloralkali process

Brake and clutch linings

disc and drum brakes, clutch linings, brake blocks

disc brakes for railway vehicles, brake linings for vehicles *)

brake blocks for railway vehicles, clutch linings for vehicles *), brake linings for industrial applications

Building materials

asbestos cement (flat and undulated panels, roof slates, pipes/tubes, et al.)

flat and undulated panels for building construction sector

high pressure water pipes andsewer pipes

Chemical products and others

paints, putties, adhesives, sealing compounds, mastics, special products based on bitumen or tar, moulding material with resin matrix

Current: use of chrysotile containing acetone gas cylinders (prod. before 1995)

*) depending on substitution status



Slide 17

Workplace exposure – acceptance of measures

Current campaign of the germansocial accident insurance (2007)

• Dust exposure in German building industry is too high!

• In 2005 about 10.000 cases of suspicionof occupational diseases caused by dust exposure were reported

• New campaign with industry to raise sensibility for the health hazards causedby dust

• Recommendations for the use of toolsand operations with low emissions

… a current problem


Slide 18

Risk assessment at workplaces by dust measurements- General approach -

IFALaboratories

IFALaboratories

UVTMeasuringServices

UVTMeasuringServices

sampling carriers, analytical reports

samples for analysis

IndustryWorkplaces

sam

pli

ng

mea

sure

men

tre

po

rt

UVTWorkplaceInspection

UVTWorkplaceInspection

IFAScientificSupport

IFAScientificSupport

cons

ulta

tion

consultation

consultation

bind

ing

inst

ruct

ions

Information transfer- development of measurement methods- progress of technical safeguards- modification of rules and guidelines

UVT:Institutions for statutory accident insurance and prevention in Germany

dr. markus mattenklott bgia - institute for occupational safety and health of the german social...

Documents

germany asbestos

use of asbestos

substitution of asbestos

ban of asbestos

sprayed asbestos

asbestos removal

asbestos products step

asbestos cement production