dr. ir. tim belien department of zoology pcfruit vzw, belgium files/talks sitges/belien... ·...
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Optimal control strategies of phytoplasmavectors: an overview of efficacy results of (low-impact) insecticides and alternative
products against pear psyllids
pcfruitPROEFCENTRUM FRUITTEELT VZW
Dr. ir. Tim Belien
Department of Zoology
pcfruit vzw, BelgiumCOST FA0807; WG 3
31 January - 2 February 2010, Sitges, Spain
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Working Group 3: Phytoplasma control in crop systems
- Task 1 identification and breeding of crop plant varieties that are resistant (or less
susceptible) to the phytoplasma
- Task 2 examination of the effects of biotic and abiotic environmental factors on
disease and symptom development
- Task 3 improvement of vector control with special attention to low-impact insecticides
and treatment schedules as well as the development of innovative,
environmentally sustainable vector control strategies
- Task 4 recommendations for best practices in disease control including prevention,
eradication, control of vector, and best cropping systems based on results of
tasks 1, 2 and 3 in WG3 as well as on results of WG1 and WG2
- Task 5 verification whether the interaction of endophytes with host plant and
phytoplasma can be used to control phytoplasma diseases
- Task 6 verification whether mild phytoplasma strains can effectively protect plants
from infection by virulent (or severe) phytoplasma strains
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Pome fruit growers: Integrated Fruit Production (IFP)
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
- Selective compounds: low-impact on beneficials
- Natural predators and parasites in the field act in synergy
with the insecticides to control the pest
- Presence of pests does not automatically require control
measures
Impossible to eliminate all vectors from the environment
Well-managed vector control strategies significantly reduce the chance of an epidemic outbreak
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Cacopsylla pyri
Pear sucker
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0%65 = 100%65Brabant
97 = 67,8%46 = 32,2%143West-Vlaanderen
16 = 7,8%188 = 92,2%204Oost-Vlaanderen
0%165 = 100%165Antwerpen
0%462 = 100%462Limburg
Cacopsylla
pyricola
Cacopsylla
pyriTotal number
sampled
Provincie
Pear psylla distribution
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Life cycle pear sucker
Februar March April May June July August Septem October Novem Decem Jan
adults
eggs
larvaes
Overwintering
adults First generation Second generation
3rd - 4th
generation Last generation
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Controlling
pear sucker
spring February March April May
Overwintering
adults First generation
kaolin(multiple)
oilthiacloprid
(pyrethroids)
adults
eggs
larvaes
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Summer control pear sucker
Predatory bugs
May June July August September O
First generation Second generation 3rd-4th generation
Fungicides:
Mancozeb, maneb,…
Foliar sprays(multiple)
spirodiclofen
Spinosad or
Abamectine
Last generation
adults
eggs
larvaes
spirotetramat
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11/May30/Jul142316/May21/Apr
larvaes
summerPsylla pyri
29/May14125/May16/Apreggs summerPsylla pyri
13/May15926/Apr7/Aprfirst adults 1gPsylla pyri
27/Mar20/May47181/Apr25/Febfirst larvaesPsylla pyri
14/Feb9/Apr502022/Feb15/Janfirst eggsPsylla pyri
20/Jan20/Mar42224/Feb27/Novstart activityPsylla pyri
2009Max# yearSTDMeanMinStageName
Monitoring pear sucker in Belgium: long tradition
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Overview insecticides and alternative products
After blossoming1xU0.4PEnvidor 240 SCspirodiclofen
P: before bloom (30 % infestation, 30 % L1-nymphs)
and after harvest
2xN0.25
0.25
(A)
P
Calypso
(480 SC)
thiacloprid
Until white bud stadiumQ6.2
6.7
(A)
(P)
Oviphyt
SunSpray 7E
oil
P: 1x, after blossoming1x
2x
U1.5P
A
Movento
100 SC
spirotetramat
Repellent, irritatingSurroundkaolin
0.15
0.30
0.5
0.3-0.4
0.3-0.4
0.25-0.63
0.63
Dose
kg or l/ha LWA
P: After blossoming, 1-2 x 7 d interval3x(A)
P
Tracerspinosad
2xPA
P
Decis
Splendid
Patriot
deltamethrin Permission for exception required
1xP(A)
P
Talstar
Bistar
bifenthrin
1x
#
P
IPM
In exceptional cases: 2xSVertimec 18 EC,
Agrimec
abamectine
RemarkRBrand nameActive
ingredient
1
2
3
4
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Cacopsylla pyri field trial Efficacy preventing laying of eggs
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
7-feb 20-feb 3-mrt 17-apr
Aan
tal
eie
ren
per
15 s
ch
eu
ten
/plo
t
Check
Surround 100 WP, 33,3 kga.i./ha LWA (ABCD)
Surround 100 WP, 33,3 kga.i./ha LWA (BC)
Nu
mb
er
of
eg
gs/1
5 s
ho
ots
1. Alternative product kaolin: repellent effect
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Cacopsylla pyri field trial (Doyenné, 3 repetitions, 44 trees each)
0 20 40 60 80 100
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12Pyrethroid 15/3
oil 15/3+1/4
untreated
kaolin 10/3+18/3+25/3+1/4
Mean number Psylla eggs on 10 marked shoots (15/04)
oil 15/3
oil 15/3 + thiacloprid
2. Alternative products kaolin, oil / thiacloprid pre-blossom
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0 5 10 15 20 25 30
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Envidor 1DAT
Envidor 3DAT
3. After blossoming spirodiclofen
Cacopsylla pyri field trial
Mean number L1-L3 on 10 marked shoots (30/05)
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0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Check Tracer 480 SC, 144 g a.i./ha
LWA
Vertimec 18 EC, 9 g a.i./ha LWA
Me
an
plo
t va
lue
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Me
an
Ab
bo
tt (%)
22-5 MEAN Total number of Psylla pyri L1-L3 on 10 marked shoots 25-5 MEAN Total number of Psylla pyri L1-L3 on 10 marked shoots31-5 MEAN Total number of Psylla pyri L1-L3 on 10 marked shoots 7-6 MEAN Total number of Psylla pyri L1-L3 on 10 marked shoots25-5 MEAN Total number of Psylla pyri L4-L5 on 10 marked shoots 31-5 MEAN Total number of Psylla pyri L4-L5 on 10 marked shoots7-6 MEAN Total number of Psylla pyri L4-L5 on 10 marked shoots 25-5 ABBOTT (%) Total number of Psylla pyri L1-L3 on 10 marked shoots31-5 ABBOTT (%) Total number of Psylla pyri L1-L3 on 10 marked shoots 7-6 ABBOTT (%) Total number of Psylla pyri L1-L3 on 10 marked shoots25-5 ABBOTT (%) Total number of Psylla pyri L4-L5 on 10 marked shoots 7-6 ABBOTT (%) Total number of Psylla pyri L4-L5 on 10 marked shootsDATE ABBOTT (%) Total number of Psylla pyri L1-L3 on 10 marked shoots
4. After blossoming abamectine/spinosad
Cacopsylla pyri field trial
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Anthocoris sp. or predatory bugs are predators of pear sucker
Egg in leave Predatory bug eating eggs of
pear succer
Adult predatory bug
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Field trials efficacies insecticides oralternative products
- Random block design (4 repeats)
(cages for mobile (adults)?)
- Concept of leaf wall area: dose is adapted to the ‘cropsurface’:
# trees x distance in row x height trees x 2
- Minimum infestation level
- Importance of timing of application / different life stages
- Importance of side-effects on natural predators
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Thank you for your attention
Project funding:
Evaluation et gestion des risques liés à deux maladies de quarantaine en Belgique : la prolifération du pommier (Candidatus Phytoplasma mali, AP) et le dépérissement du poirier (Candidatus P. pyri, PD).
Contractueel OnderzoekFederale Overheidsdienst Volksgezondheid, Veiligheid van de Voedselketen en Leefmilieu
Thanks- G. Peusens, E. Bangels
- C. Duchêne, P. Lepoivre, S. Steyer