dr. harold gonyou - what are the sow housing flow models to understand?
TRANSCRIPT
SOW HOUSING SEMINAR2013 PORK ACADEMY
1
Donald G Levis, Ph.D Harold Gonyou, Ph.D. Ronald O. Bates, Ph.D.
Levis Worldwide Swine Consultancy
Prairie Swine Centre(retired)
Michigan State Univ.
Lincoln, NE 68526-9486 Saskatoon, SK, Canada E. Lansing, MI
Email:[email protected]
Email: [email protected]
Email:[email protected]
Sow Flow - General
Weekday Day Preg Spaces Area
Weaning Th 0 120 Breeding
Breeding Tu 5 0 120 Breeding
Preg check W 34 29 120 Breeding
To gestation M 39 34 108 (90%) Gestation
4 Recovery
To farrowing F 113 108 108 Farrowing
Weaning Th 140 120 Breeding
2
Sow Flow - General
Day Weeks Spaces/wk Spaces
Weaning 0 Breeding6 120 720
To gestation 39 Gestation11 108 1192Recovery11 4 44
To farrowing 113 Farrowing4 108 432
Weaning 14021 2384
3
Sow Flow – Gestation Stalls
Day Weeks Spaces/wk Spaces
Weaning 0 Breeding6 120 stalls 720
To gestation 39 Gestation11 108 stalls 1192Recovery11 4 pens 44
To farrowing 113 Farrowing4 108 crates 432
Weaning 140
4
Sow Flow – Short Stalls
Day Weeks Spaces/wk Spaces
Weaning 0 Breeding6 120 stalls 720
To gestation 39 Gestation11 11 pens 121Recovery11 1 pens 11
To farrowing 113 Farrowing4 108 crates 432
Weaning 140
5
Sow Flow – Electronic Sow Feeders
Day Weeks Spaces/wk Spaces
Weaning 0 Breeding6 120 stalls 720
To gestation 39 Gestation11 1 g&p1 pen 11
1 sow pen 11Recovery11 4 pens 44
To farrowing 113 Farrowing4 108 crates 432
Weaning 140
6
Sow Care
• Controlling aggression
• Maintain feeding level
• Sow off feed
• Sow underfed
• Sow injured
• Sorting
7
Sow Care – Reducing Aggression
Short Stalls
• Re-grouping– Maximize familiarity
– Extra feeding
• Feeding Associated– Sorting
– Group size
ESF
• Re-grouping– Maximize familiarity
– Extra feeding
• Feeding Associated– Sorting
– Group size
8
Sow Care – Maintain Feeding Level
Short Stalls
• Check and adjust individual feed drops
ESF
• Program sows into ESF
• Check and adjust water and feed drops for each station
9
Sow Care – Sow Off Feed
Short Stalls
• Detection– Watch feeding
• Causation– Unwell/lame
• Action– Move to relief
ESF
• Detection– Daily attention list
• Causation– Unwell/lame
– Intimidated
• Action– Move to relief or single-pass
10
Sow Care – Sow Underfed
Short Stalls
• Detection– Body condition
• Action– Top up feed by hand
– Cannot change pen
– Move to relief
ESF
• Detection– Body condition
• Action– Reprogram feed allowance
11
Sow Care – Sow Injured
Short Stalls
• Detection– Walk through and observe
• Action– Move to relief
ESF
• Detection– Daily attention list
– Walk through and observe
• Action– Move to relief
12
Sow Care - Sorting
Short Stalls
• 1 in group of 10
• ‘hand’ sorting
ESF
• 1 in group of 60
• Hand held ID
• Auto-paint
• Auto-sort
• ‘hand’ sorting
13
Labor - Skills
Short stalls
• Animal oriented
• Schedule conscious– Observe feeding
• One person
ESF
• Both technical and animal oriented
• One plus assistant
• Can you attract a technical person– Importance is decreasing due
to better systems and more tech-savvy youth
14
ESF Conversion - Sow Flow
Day Weeks Spaces/wk Spaces
Weaning 0 Breeding6 120 720
To gestation 39 Gestation11 108 1188Recovery11 4 44
To farrowing 113 Farrowing4 108 432
Weaning 14021 2384
15
ESF Conversion - Considerations
• Retain flooring– Solid and slatted floors in 8 rows
– Use solid for lying and slatted for movement as much as possible
– Provide extra space due to restricted design
• Gilts must be trained– Modified one-pass system so non-feeding gilts are easily
managed
– Gilt pen needed each week for training
• Sows limited to 60 per station– Excess (parity 1) sows housed with gilts
16
ESF Conversion - Sow Flow
Day Weeks Spaces/wk Spaces
Weaning 0 Breeding6 120 stalls 720
To gestation 39 Gestation11 1 g&p1 pen 11
1 sow pen 11Recovery11 4 pens 44
To farrowing 113 Farrowing4 108 crates 432
Weaning 140
17
ESF Conversion – Floor cross section
Solid – alleySolid - stallSlat - stall
3 4 8 4 3 4 8 4 3 4 8 4 3 4 8 4 3
36.5 ft
18
ESF Conversion – Gilt and P1 pen
48 animals x 20 sqft/animal = 960 sqft
960 sqft / 36.5 ft width = 26 ft length
Slats Slats
36.5 ft
26 ft
19
ESF Conversion – Gilt and P1 pen
StationCentral divisionRest areasDrinkers
20
ESF Conversion – Gilt Training
First day –Grouping, Aggression, Eating, Sleeping
21
ESF Conversion – Gilt and P1 pen
One Pass System
22
ESF Conversion – Gilt and P1 pen
23
ESF Conversion – Gilt and P1 pen
24
ESF Conversion – Gilt and P1 pen
25
ESF Conversion – Gilt and P1 pen
26
ESF Conversion – Sow pen
60 animals x 22 sqft/animal = 1320 sqft1320 sqft / 36.5 ft width = 36 ft length
36.5 ft
36 ft
27
ESF Conversion – Sow pen
28
ESF Conversion – Relief Pen
Combine 2 gestation stalls.
4 ft x 7 ft
Allows standing and lying with ease.
Difficult to turn around.
Use for lameness.
Return to same pen or newgilt and p1 pen. 29
ESF Conversion – Putting it Together
Gilt and Sow pens have been adjusted to allow cross-alleys.
Only 36 relief pens.Short 4 Sow pens.Need addition with 4800 sqft of pens (4x1, 2x2, 1x4?)
12.5% 30
ESF Conversion – Static or Dynamic
Static4 x 1 group
A
Dynamic2 x 2 groups
Dynamic1 x 4 groups
B
C D
A B
F G
A D
G J
ESF Conversion – What ifs?
• Could an additional sow pen fit in the original barn if you reduce the square footage per animal?– Reducing 1 sqft per animal is not enough
– Reducing 2 sqft per animal would allow one more pen
• Do we have to include relief pens?– Very strongly encouraged.
• Can we use larger dynamic pens?– Most suitable for sows. Work best when there are 12
‘weeks’.
• Can we work with 12 weeks of gestation?– Reduce the breeding weeks from 6 to 5 by preg checking and
moving earlier.32
ESF Conversion - Alternative
• Previous conversion forced a pen design in order to make full use of space in the gestation barn– Increased square footage per sow to ensure comfort
• Can we fit a better pen design in the space even if we accept some loss of use?– Longer narrow pens with one row of lying bays
• Assume gilts are pre-trained– Combined sow and gilt pens
• Reduce sow herd inventory to fit the building
33
ESF Conversion – Floor cross section
Solid – alleySolid - stallSlat - stall
3 4 8 4 3 4 8 4 3 4 8 4 3 4 8 4 3
34
ESF Conversion – Alternative Design
90 sows x 19 sqft/sow = 1710 sq ft
11 ft
8 ft
90 ft
35
ESF Conversion – Alternative Design
Build within existing structureMove from breeding to gestation at day 34 (29 preg)5 weeks of stalls (500)42 relief pens12 ESF pens for 90 sows and gilts (2 stations)Loss of space along one wall (solid), used for sortingCan sort sows from one ESF pen to adjacentReduce breedings by 17% 36
ESF Conversions
• ESF uses larger pens which may be difficult to fit within an existing structure
• When required to ‘fit over’ an existing floor pattern, pen design is further compromised– Increase space compared to a new build
• Pen size may also be compromised by existing breeding plan – (eg. difficult to efficiently build for 140 breedings/week)
• Expect a 10-20% loss in sow numbers or increase in space
37
Conclusion
Factsheets and the accompanying webinars for the Group Sow Housing project can be found at:
www.pork.org/sowhousing
38