dr. eisa ali johali بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم kingdom of saudi arabia \ ministry of...

DR. Eisa Ali Johali KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA \ MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCTION KING SAUD UNIVERSITY \ CAMS \ CHSD- CN & HE t Be Ready and Willing To Move Your Self; Patients & Nation Towards Wellness and Happiness E Johali1CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

EISA ALI JOHALI A Lecturer Author of two published books, the 3 rd under publishing, plus 3 projected PhD Health Sciences By Accrediting Prior Experiences, Hill University Sept. 2011 MA (Ed.) Philosophies and Sciences of Teaching,Learning and Curriculum in UK & SA Nursing, University of Southampton, UK 1995 Short Fellowship Planning Health Professions Education,UIC,USA 1991 Bachelor of Applied Medical Sciences; Community Health Sciences, Health Education, KSU 1407\1986 http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/JOHALI/default.aspx \ [email protected] Windows Live Messenger Johali 3 CNHB 2014 Group http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/JOHALI/default.aspx \ [email protected] http://sa.linkedin.com/pub/eisa-johali/31/3a6/896 \ thttps://twitter.com/TheNature2011 Dr. Eisa Johali thttps://twitter.com/TheNature2011 E Johali2 CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Johali Philosophy and Learning Introductory As an introductory to this Persuasive probing Concise Lectures Note, I would like to send a progressive educational message to my dear CN Adult Learners. My dear learner remember that you are not a primary school pupil, neither an elementary, nor even a secondary school student. You are an adult learner that in order to success in this progressive course and in your life as well, you have to Think, Participate, Practice & Reflect on and in. You have to attend & react actively and voluntarily at every session. This is not a traditional lectures note that you can just read, store and recall. it is a Lifelong Learning Concise, which helps you to think around, back, about, over and up. It is prepared to promote you to search about the most appropriate knowledge, attitude that can assure the quality of your communication with your self, patients, your colleagues, and improve the quality of your profession, and the quality of your patients, family, community & your Nation. So as to, learn the course well, you have to use "Your All Senses" and "Abilities", as well; You have to attend, see, listen, ask, discuss and participate actively in teaching, learning; and assessing your self, your colleague, your teaching and learning process and materials, your curriculum, and your Lecturer as well. Finally, if you do so, do not worry, you will success in your course and your life as well. With this Concise & its T&L Plan and Process All the Learners will success; Except the one Who DO NOT Welling to Success !! E JohaliCMED 303 - CNHB 20143

Updated Course Description Course No. and abbrev: CMEDI 303 Course title: Human Behavior for Clinical Nutrition Credit hours: 1 (1+0) Level: 8 Contact hours: 1 Course prerequisites: nothing Course Description: In addition to a brief historical and scientific overview regarding the worldwide human behavioral debating compare to Islam,, this course covers a brief introductory to psychology, defining terms, nature, scope, role, scientific concepts, approaches and methods that can help you to plan for healthy human behavior styles to prevent, promote and treat your patients from the most common nutritional disorders at national level. E Johali4CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

T & L Objectives \ Outcomes & Plan E JohaliCMED 303 - CNHB 20145 NotesUnits/SubjectsWeeks 2 hrs/week Interactive L: Group Discussion &Dialogues; Case Studies & Role Play - Understanding Each Others - Present Course Plan; Teaching and Learning Objectives & Outcomes. - Reasoning WHY Human Behavior for Clinical Nutrition (CNHB) ? 1 st & 2 nd I L with Questioning + Models Demonstration - Probing Psycho- Behavioral Social Cultural Historical Roots with relation to Clinical Nutritionists\ Dietitians 3 rd & 4 th - Defining Terms - Nature and scope of human behavior 5 th RT Exam Model 1 1st EXAM & Plan of the Reflective Assignments - Psychological Approaches to Human Behavior (1) 6 th & 7 th - Psychological Approaches to Human Behavior ( 2)8 th - Islamic Human Behavior the Ideal for ZD CNHB - Health Behavioral Changes People Reaction -Resistance & Motivation 9 th & 10 th RT Exam Model 2 2 nd Exam & Final Date for Assignments submitted & Presentation11 th Assignments deadline Planning g for Positive ( ZD ) Health Behavior - Planning to prevent, promote and cure nutritional disorders such as 12 th & 13 th Revision 14 th FINAL EXAM15 th & 16 th

- Your Smart Class Notes - This Presentation Johali, E. A (2014) Human Behavior for Clinical Nutrition: HB2CN2013 - Johali Islamic C N Based Creative Lecture Note Towards ZD CNHB - FURTHER - Basic Psychology for Human Resource Practitioners by S. J. Kruger , E. Smit , W. L. Du P. ://ww2.fhi.org/en/aids/aidscap/aidspubs/behres/bcr4theo.html - Basic Psychology for Human Resource PractitionersS. J. Kruger E. Smit W. L. Du P. ://ww2.fhi.org/en/aids/aidscap/aidspubs/behres/bcr4theo.html - http://www.ericdigests.org/1999-4/health.htmhttp://www.ericdigests.org/1999-4/health.htm - http://www.kellevision.com/kellevision/2009/06/how-to-change-negative-behavior- patterns.htmlhttp://www.kellevision.com/kellevision/2009/06/how-to-change-negative-behavior- patterns.html - - http://adultmeducation.com/FacilitatingBehaviorChange.html http://adultmeducation.com/FacilitatingBehaviorChange.html - 3 Steps to Yes: The Gentle Art of Getting Your Way by Gene Bedell, Crown Business 2000.GeneBedell http://www.drmedicalhypnosis.com/ http://www.drmedicalhypnosis.com/healthy-lifestyle-ideas.html http://www.drmedicalhypnosis.com/http://www.drmedicalhypnosis.com/healthy-lifestyle-ideas.html Recommended References & Resources http:// www. Le Roux - 1996 Le Roux - http islam-usa.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=263&Itemid=230 http E Johali6CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

REASONING WHY HBCN CMED303 You have to study How to Organize science and services? To Be Ready & Welling To Success ? Think & Reflect: Let us Start with These Learning Videos : How to Train to Be a Radiographer ? (Watch Videos Write Notes; Discuss in Peer Group & Write Three Reasons) E JohaliCMED 303 - CNHB 20147

Why HBCN CMED 303 ? Be Ready & Welling To Success ? Two Peers Discussion & Group Dialogue The Place of HB in Your CNJD? The Place of HB in Your Education ? Play a role of CN working in a hospital How Do You Act-React-Interact to others and to Yourself Ha if One Told You..You Have to Change Your Behavior ?! Do You Accept Any Negative Bad Wrong Behave ? Conclude: Because It Is a Part of My Job Description (CNJB) & To Assure Quality of CNHB \ Positive Healthy HB E Johali CMED 303 - CNHB 2014 8

Brief Historical Overview E Johali9CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Lecturers Introduction to Human Health Behavior As first step towards Readiness & Willingness, you have to know that course title is Human Health\Healthy Behavior (HHB) \Personal Behavior NOT Human Behavior (HB) : HB is an open\wide field, it traced to human nature\creation.. This topic has huge debating \disagreement between rational, logical and liberal scientists, and with Muslims and Non Muslims. I have spent two years with philosophers and scientists in bigoted site http://www.researchgate.net; Topics Philosophy Reflecting in Nature the Great Creation and Creator Eisa Ali Johali Jun 27, 2011, and the same character group in LinkedIn http://www.researchgate.netTopicsPhilosophyEisa Ali Johali In summary there are three different divergences of Human Nature and Behavior: The liberal \ Radical Scientists believe in Nurture , Revolution , Bin Bang human s not created. This misleading believe traced back to (Darwin who believe that human revolute\ origin \ come from "Monkey Illiberal Scientists have some rational and logical view that there is Nature and Creation BUT they dont know who is Great Creator.. God; Christens believe that Jesus (PBUH) is the Creator. While Muslims believe in Nature and Creation of Great Creator God the Only One God Allah . Let us watch this Videos to see misleading sciences compare to truthful, and to know from where and what is HHB E Johali10CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Human Behavior in Health and social care http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8wk3JwtXMc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8wk3JwtXMc Islamy http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/aSGuest6828-123654-understanding- human-nature-behaviour-education-ppt-powerpoint/ Watch again and Answer: Ref Qs: - The unexamined life is worth living (T\F) If F correct.; Not\ Examined ? (p5) -Behavior is difficult to predict links to the Behavioral Theories (T\F) If F correct ? (p15) -Plus reading the MBTI 16 Personality Types and make self summary model Nature or Nurture; How Do Genes, Environment and Free Will Affect Human Behavior? Watch again and Answers These Questions: Q1: Nurture means: Q2: Human Behavior Can Be: - Free Well Behavior Means: - Self determine Self control Cognitive Independent (all) Our Behavior shapes, determine and control by (Islam)..... Compare to western sciences, our behavior is free well .F (Islamic well) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vMC3TPuOOo&playnext=1&list= PL6BB1DC6C8DE74013&feature=results_video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S7wc6QfepJE&feature=related E Johali11CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Developmental Psychology: The Newborn Attract Live Demonstration Lecture in University Class http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_SE6zziFxWs&feature=related & To Introduction To HB http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OlW917n6mpA&feature=relmfu E Johali12CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Brief Historical Development Developments over the past decade in psychology, in medicine, in funding institutions such as the National Institutes of Health, and in industry make clear that the rapidly growing areas of behavioral medicine and behavioral health are presenting psychology and its sister professions with new opportunities for training, research, and practice. Specific developments within psychology leading to the establishment of the American Psychological Association's Division 38 (Health Psychology) are traced. Also traced are activities on the national level that have led to the development of organizations with a more interdisciplinary focus. Despite a modicum of overselling in some quarters, behavioral health and health psychology appear to be ideas whose time has come. By Matarazzo, Joseph D. American Psychologist, Vol 35(9), Sep 1980, 807-817. http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/amp/35/9/807/ E Johali13CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Reality with Islamic View Concise Histo-Developmental Model Of Psych- Human Behavior Human Creation Adam 1 st Human Muslim Verily. We created man of the best stature (mould\manner) Human Creation Adam 1 st Human Muslim Verily. We created man of the best stature (mould\manner) Best Behavior in all Holy Scriptures\ Civilizations (Noah Mohammad Islam + Greece) 600 B.C - Date Best Behavior in all Holy Scriptures\ Civilizations (Noah Mohammad Islam + Greece) 600 B.C - Date www.quranichealing.net www.usc.edu 600 B. C. 1700 A. C Islamic Medicine Psychology Behavior ?!! Alfred, Adler 1870-1937 Social Motive-Feelings Mental Disorders Solomon 1907-1996 Self Perception Human change even if other wrong Darwin, Charles 1808 1882 Evolution Theory Human from animal create-behave Freud, Sigmund 1856 1939 Sexuality Dreams Motive Hermann Von 1821; Galton, Sir Francis 1822; Hermann E; .Cont. Thomas, Y 1773-1829 Early Color Theory TODADY & FUTURE Healthy HB Recent Psychological Theories 1900 - 2011 E Johali14CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Table 1.1 Brief Historical Development Focus (dates; first, counseling and behavior) E Johali15CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

A Brief Introductory to Psychology\Human Behavior E Johali16CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Johali Concise Psycho-Behave Histo-Development in Table E Johali17CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Discover Human Behaviors & Communication Characters By Faces & Your Personality Styles http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXU6EDR9U0Y&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ExfS4-JqBR8&feature=related Discover Your Personality Style http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IK2ovBcTvMs By Colour http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnyCTeKmef0&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAHB0quWziY&feature=fvwrel E Johali18CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Nature and Scope of Human Behavior Human behavior is a challenging in every aspects. It not only deals to with the changing modify- improve human character but also a adapt behavior with respect to time. The scope of human behavior is very huge. It has very large area of research. It can have wide impact on people and society. The nature of understanding human behavior is not an easy topic for the discussion. Any one who is interested has to go through many research on understanding the brain functionality together with the model of modeling such behavior. E Johali19CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Psychological (Theories) Approaches To Human Behavior Discover what scientists are saying Think compare to our science - culture Islam, write your science http://www.islam-usa.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=281&Itemid=248 http://www.islam-usa.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=263&Itemid=230 E Johali20CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

An introduction How psychologists explain human behaviour Why do people behave the way they do ?! Discover what scientists are saying Think compare to our science - culture Islam, write your science E Johali21CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Biological approach to understanding human behaviour - All behaviour is determined by genetic, physiological and neurological factors - The central nervous system and the brain is a major influence - Normality is a properly functioning nervous system The nature of psychological development Stages of behavioural & psychological development are based on changes in brain growth which are genetically determined (maturation) Preferred method of study: - Experiment (on animals often rats and humans) E Johali22CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Biological approach to understanding human behaviour Major causes of abnormal behaviour genetic disorders organic (bodily) disorders brain disease or injury chemical imbalance / allergies mental illness Preferred methods of treatment: chemotherapy( drugs); electroconvulsive therapy; psychosurgery Goals of treatment: To alleviate symptoms or to reverse the underlying cause (s) of the illness Key Studies : - Maguire et al : Brains of London Taxi Drivers - Sperry: The split brain studies E Johali23CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Psychodynamic approach to understanding human behaviour (Freud) Behaviour determined by unconscious forces - The individual experiences unconscious conflict due to opposing demands made by different parts of the personality (id, ego, superego) - Normality : A reasonable balance between id, ego, superego but there is always some conflict..... Id Ego Superego in Islam are they conflict ? The nature of psychological development - Five psychosexual stages whose sequence is determined by maturation - An individual is shaped by early childhood experiences E Johali24CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Preferred method of study is case study... Key Studies: - Freud, S. (1909) Analysis of a phobia in a five-year-old boy. Pelican Freud Library, Vol. 8, Case Histories - Thigpen, C.H. & Cleckley, H. (1954) A case of multiple personality. Major causes of abnormal behaviour Emotional disturbance / neurosis caused by unresolved conflicts stemming from childhood Preferred methods of treatment Psychoanalysis in which the unconscious is revealed Goals of treatment To uncover unconscious conflict and to achieve balance between id, ego, superego E Johali25CMED 303 - CNHB 2014 Psychodynamic approach to understanding human behaviour (Freud)

Behaviourist approach (perspective) to understanding human behaviour - All human behaviour shaped by environmental forces - Behaviour is learned by classical & operant conditioning (Pavlovs dogs) Normality The possession of an adequately large repertoire of learned responses Major causes of abnormal behaviour - learned maladaptive responses - no distinction between symptoms and behaviour disorder Key Study: - Little Albert: J Watson & R Rayner (1926) - Conditioned emotional responses E Johali26CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Behaviourist approach (perspective) to understanding human behaviour Preferred methods of treatment behaviour therapy systematic desensitisation aversion therapy, flooding therapy Goals of treatment To eliminate maladaptive responses (phobias etc) and to acquire new ones Classical conditioning - With care & patience, it is possible to demonstrate the conditioning of the eye-blink reflex in humans. In pairs choose who will be the experimenter and the learner - Experimenter - blow carefully (use a drinking straw ) across the eyeball. Now pair the puff of air with a gentle tap on the back of the participants hand. Record the number of pairings required to produce the eye-blink to the tap on the hand alone. E Johali27CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Cognitive approach to understanding human behaviour The human mind is compared to a computer (information processor) as cognitive processes select, code, store and retrieve information. Key Study Areas: Memory, Perception, Language Normality The proper functioning of cognitive processes & ability to use them to monitor & control behaviour The nature of psychological development Stages of cognitive development by (Key Names: Jean Piaget, L Vygotsky) Preferred methods of study - experiment (mainly humans) & - artificial intelligence E Johali28CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Cognitive approach to understanding human behaviour The major causes of abnormal behaviour - unrealistic/irrational ideas about self & others - the inability to monitor behaviour through cognitive processes Key studies: - Loftus & Palmer How leading questions reconstruct memory - Samuel & Bryant Asking only one question in the conservation tasks Preferred methods of treatment - Rational Emotive Therapy - Cognitive Behaviour Therapy e.g. Pain clinics / depression clinics The goals of treatment- To correct unrealistic ideas so that thinking becomes an effective means of controlling behaviour E Johali29CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Key questions to ask about human behaviour Do people behave the way they do - Because of biological (nature) reasons or - Because of their environmental (nurture ) experiences?!! - or a bit of both How can metaphysical mental processes cause behaviour? The ghost in the machine! E Johali30 CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

HEALTHY LIFE WITH ALLAH ONLY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ezI1cBfppdY ISLAM Human Behaviour E Johali31CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Summary of Islamic HB Sciences Deen E Johali32CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Source: http://www.quranichealing.net/http://www.quranichealing.net/ Islamic Theory of Psychology and Human Behavior By Mohammad bin abbas Allah, the Almighty, created man and knows the things of which he tells himself, and all what is hidden and known. Allah chose man as His heir on earth to bear The Trust where He says: ''We did offer The Trust to the Heavens and the Earth and the Mountains; but they refused to undertake it, being afraid thereof: but man undertook it; - he was indeed unjust and foolish''. Allah dignified man and honored him over the other creatures, and guided him with His Words to what is best in this world and in after life. He sent His messengers and prophets with the divine books that include all what man needs for his guidance and cure. Throughout this research, we reviewed and analyzed one of the modern sciences and discussed how far its spiritual and psychological issues accords with what Allah mentions in the Quran. It has been demonstrated that the Quran includes glorious verses that help reform the human soul, and which provide a spiritual, behavioral, and psychological treatment. The Quran teaches man how to fulfill his own self, and how to feel psychologically secure and physically safe. In addition, it guides him as to how can happiness and joy be achieved. Thus, the Glorious Quran offers a complete methodology for treatment and cures that moves people from darkness to light, guiding them to the right path. This Book is also a protection against devilish and psychological ailments. Hence, Allah is Truthful and His honest messenger has delivered his message; to all that and to the Oneness of Allah do we testify. joy E Johali33CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Source: http://www.quranichealing.net/http://www.quranichealing.net/ Islamic Theory of Psychology and Human Behavior By Mohammad bin abbas http://www.deenresearchcenter.com/Scriptureresearch/QuranicsciencesUlumalQuran/SciencesMessageHistory/tabid/93/Default.aspx E Johali34CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Source: http://www.quranichealing.net/http://www.quranichealing.net/ http://www.deenresearchcenter.com/Scriptureresearch/QuranicsciencesUlumalQuran/SciencesMessageHistory/tabid/93/Default.aspx Many theories have been made on human behaviour and the factors governing it, and one popular explanation behind the trending of human behaviour is religion. Religion is believed to have an immense power in influencing human behaviour due to its close link to humans spiritual self, and the reasons are obvious. Rules and knowledge which comes together with religion is seen as a guide wh*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Copyright 2011 Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia dan Institut Islam Hadhari ukm Jurnal Hadhari 3 (2) (2011) 103 - 116 ere people who believe in their religion adhere religiously regardless ALLAH the Only Who Can Give You Healthy Life Overcome Behavioural Disorder With Worship E Johali35CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

HB Barriers & Human Relationship System in Islam E Johali36CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Where there is a will; way ! behavioral Obstacles (barriers) Nafs Others But Satan E Johali37CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

E Johali38CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

1. Trustworthiness 2. Promise Keeping 3. Justice Fundamental Principles of fair dealing E Johali39CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Types of Trust Advice Vote Secrets Loans Inheritance Office time Authority Meetings Office property Wealth E Johali40CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

KINDS OF PROMISE Pledge to / with: Oneself Mankind Allah Intention of piety, repentance etc Implied agreements (Obligations to parents, neighbours etc) Written agreements (Rent, employment, business etc) Lifetime obedience (Fulfilling purpose of creation i.e. Ibaadat) E Johali41CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Characteristics of Islamic Society Focal point Of faith Sympathy/ Altruism Segregation of Sexes Human Equality Sense of Responsibility Moderation Universal Brotherhood Moral Conduct Enjoining good/ forbidding bad E Johali42CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Resource Output Activity Target of Islam Moral Welfare Spiritual Welfare System Welfare Human Welfare Spiritual PowerEconomic Power Piety Unity PrayerCharity Fasting Hajj E Johali43CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Health Behavior Change Johali Argument Do You Want To Change Your Behavior ?!! Motivate ; Promote; Help & Facilitate to Assure Quality Change E Johali44CMED 303 - CNHB 2014 Give Answer & Decide the Next Step to Healthy Behaviors

Promoting Behavioral Change Let us tart watch this\these Health Behavior Change http://www.slideworld.org/slideshow.aspx/Health- Behavior-Change-ppt-5058 http://www.slideworld.org/slideshow.aspx/Health- Behavior-Change-ppt-5058 Slide 49 Action Process Approach (PIAR) Pre-intentional - Intentional - Actional Risk & Resource Communication Plus Matching Mismatching (You Have To read) E Johali45CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Psychologists developed the Stages of Change Theory (SCT) in 1982 to compare smokers in therapy and self-changers along a behavior change continuum. The rationale behind "staging" people, as such, was to tailor therapy to a person's needs at his/her particular point in the change process. As a result, the four original components of the Stages of Change Theory (Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Action, and Maintenance) were identified and resented as a linear process of change. Since then, a fifth stage (preparation for action) has been incorporated into the theory, as well as ten processes that help predict and motivate individual movement across stages. In addition, the stages are no longer considered to be linear; rather, they are components of a cyclical process that varies for each individual. The stages and processes, as described by Prochaska, DiClemente and Norcross (1992), are listed below. 1)Pre-Contemplation: Individual has the problem (whether he/she recognizes it or not) and has no intention of changing. With PC Processes: 1. Consciousness raising (information and knowledge) 2. Dramatic relief (role playing) 3. Environmental Reevaluation (how problem affects physical environment) 2)Contemplation: Individual recognizes the problem and is seriously thinking about changing..With C Processes: Self-reevaluation (assessing one'sfeelings regarding behavior) 3)Preparation for Action: Individual recognizes the problem and intends to change the behavior within the next month. Some behavior change efforts may be reported, such as inconsistent condom usage. However, the defined behavior change criterion has not been reached (i.e., consistent condom usage). With PA Processes: Self-liberation (commitment or belief in ability to change) 4)Action: Individual has enacted consistent behavior change (i.e., consistent condom usage) for less than six months.With A Processes: 1. Reinforcement management (overt and covert rewards) 2. Helping relationships (social support, selfhelp groups) 3. Counter- conditioning (alternatives for behavior) 4. Stimulus control (avoid high-risk cues) 5)Maintenance: Individual maintains new behavior for six months or more. A variety of behaviors, such as smoking cessation, weight control efforts and mammography screening, have been explored in U.S. populations using the Stages of Change Theory (Prochaska, 1994). E Johali46CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

SCT Limitations: As a psychological theory, the stages of change focuses on the individual without assessing the role that structural and environmental issues may have on a person's ability to enact behavior change. In addition, since the stages of change presents a descriptive rather than a causative explanation of behavior, the relationship between stages is not always clear. Finally, each of the stages may not be suitable for characterizing every population. For instance, a study of sex workers in Bolivia discovered that few study participants were in the precontemplative, contemplative stages in regard to using condoms with their clients (Posner, 1995). E Johali47CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Stages of Change Model Source: Prochaska, J.O., DiClemente, C.C. and Norcross, J.C. (1992). In search of how people change -- applications to addictive behaviors. American Psychologist, 47(9), 1102-1114. E Johali48CMED 303 - CNHB 2014 The sub-stages

Figure 1 Cycle of change (after Prochaska and DiClemente7) in Bondy, C 2004, J R Soc Med. 2004; 97(Suppl 44): 4347. E Johali49CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

AIDS Risk Reduction Model (ARRM) http://www.fhi360.org/nr/rdonlyres/ei26vbslpsidmahhxc332vwo3g233xsqw22er3vofq vrfjvubwyzclvqjcbdgexyzl3msu4mn6xv5j/bccsummaryfourmajortheories.pdfhttp://www.fhi360.org/nr/rdonlyres/ei26vbslpsidmahhxc332vwo3g233xsqw22er3vofq vrfjvubwyzclvqjcbdgexyzl3msu4mn6xv5j/bccsummaryfourmajortheories.pdf Stage 1 Stage 1Stage 2Stage 3 E Johali50CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

How does behavior change occur? This question probably has as many answers as there are diverse populations and cultures. Every HIV prevention program, however, is based on those answers -- theories about why people change their behaviors. These underlying principles may not be formally recognized as theories, but they focus HIV prevention efforts on the elements believed to be essential for individuals to enact and sustain behavior change. Four of the most commonly theories in HIV are: -Health Belief Model, - AIDS Risk Reduction Model, - Stages of Change Theory - Theory of Reasoned Action These theories have yet to be extensively applied in research outside of the United States, and they may not These theories capture the elements necessary for behavior change in every culture or population. develops by Julie to encourage people working with HIV/AIDS1996 under AIDS Control and Prevention (AIDSCAP) Project. Health Belief Model (HBM) The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a psychological model that attempts to explain and predict health behaviors by focusing on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals. -HBM was developed in the 1950s as part of an effort by social psychologists in the United States Public Health Service to explain the lack of public participation in health screening and prevention programs (e.g., a free and conveniently located tuberculosis screening project). - HBM has been adapted to explore a variety of long- and short-term health behaviors based on Perception Awareness -Becker et al 1994 set HBM Key Variables as follows: 1)Perceived Threat of Susceptibility (the risk of contracting a health condition) + Severity (Feelings concerning the seriousness) 2) Perceived Benefits: The believed effectiveness of strategies designed to reduce the threat of illness.- Perceived Barriers (The potential negative consequences that may result from taking particular health actions, including physical, psychological, and financial demands) 3) Cues to Action: Events, either bodily (e.g., physical symptoms of a health condition) or environmental (e.g., media publicity) that motivate people to take action. Cues to actions is an aspect of the HBM that has not been systematically studied. E Johali 51 CMED 303 - CNHB 2014 Health Belief Model (HBM)

Behavior Change -- A Summary of Four Major Theories By Julie Denison http://www.fhi360.org/nr/rdonlyres/ei26vbslpsidmahhxc332vwo3g233xsqw22er3vofq vrfjvubwyzclvqjcbdgexyzl3msu4mn6xv5j/bccsummaryfourmajortheories.pdf This document presents and explains four of the most commonly cited theories used in HIV/AIDS prevention on how behavior change is believed to occur. E Johali52CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

HBM Johali Modified Schematic Diagram (Johali 2003 NURHE) E Johali53CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Theory of Reasoned Action TRA has been explained and predicted a variety of human behaviors since 1967. It based on the Premise that humans are rational and that the behaviors being explored are under volitional control, It provides a construct links Individual beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behavior (Fishbein et al1994). This TRA based on 6 Variables : 1)Behavior: A specific behavior defined by a combination of four components: action, target, context, and time (e.g., implementing a HIV risk reduction strategy (action) by workers using clove and mask (target) in communicating with HIV inpatients (context) every time (time). 2)Intention: The intent to perform a behavior is the best predictor that a desired behavior will actually occur. In order to measure it accurately and effectively, intent should be defined using the same components used to define behavior: action, target, context, and time. Both attitude and norms, described below, influence one's intention to perform a behavior. 3)Attitude: A person's positive or negative feelings toward performing the defined behavior. 4)Behavioral Beliefs: Behavioral beliefs are a combination of a person's beliefs regarding the outcomes of a defined behavior and the person's evaluation of potential outcomes. 5)Norms: A person's perception of other people's opinions regarding the defined behavior. 6)Normative Beliefs: Normative beliefs are a combination of a person's beliefs regarding other people's views of a behavior and the person's willingness to conform to those views. As with behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs regarding other people's opinions and the evaluation of those opinions will vary from population to population. The TRA provides a framework for linking each of the above variables together ( above diagram). Essentially, the behavioral and normative beliefs referred to as cognitive structures -- influence individual attitudes and subjective norms, respectively. In turn, attitudes and norms shape a person's intention to perform a behavior. (Summarize and reorganize these 6 in 5 Only BIBAN \ BINAB ?! ) Limitations: Some limitations of the TRA include the inability of the theory, due to its individualistic approach, to consider the role of environmental and structural issues and the linearity of the theory components (Kippax and Crawford, 1993). Individuals may first change their behavior and then their beliefs/attitudes about it. For example, studies on the impact of seatbelt laws in the United States revealed that people often changed their negative attitudes about the use of seatbelts as they grew accustomed to the new behavior. E Johali54CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Theory of Reasoned Action Source: Ajen,I., Fishbein, M. (1980) Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. As CN; think and describe this diagrammatic model ..to what cases and how you can use Then read authors description You can describe more accurate E Johali55CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Basics of Educational Psychology Model Developed by: W. Huitt, 1999 E Johali56CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Compound Behaviours Person internal behaviour Decis. { } Actions { } State { + } Other Persons Objects External Behaviour of the acting Person E Johali57CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Behavioral Nutrition Can Friend Advices Cause Eating disorders? http://www.goodpsych.com/behavioral-nutrition E Johali58CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

I recently received a question from a female friend regarding one of her male friends. She was unsure how to delicately approach him as she was concerned about his weight. She stated that he is 59 and only weighted 95 lbs. If this is true, he has a body mass index of 14. Any body mass index under 18 is considered significantly underweight, so he is SERIOUSLY underweight. Someone his size should weigh, at a minimum, 125 lbs. to about 160. Additionally he seems to demonstrate additional addictive behaviors. Many only associate anorexia with females. However, this condition affects males as well. Here are some of the questions I would like to ask him and discuss with him, but I do not have the right to diagnose him. Regardless, we as a community should discuss how to work with our friends who have dietary challenges. If I was speaking to my friend I would have an informal discussion such as this: Does he work out, or does he just live off alcohol, caffeine and smokes as you suggested? The reason I am asking is because anorexia, which he may very well have, is not limited to just females. More and more men are suffering from this as well. I cant diagnose it but either he is anorexic or he has a SERIOUS physical illness (or unknown drug addiction) and should seek medical attention. Either way he is starving his body and alcohol and caffeine are just empty calories. Anorexic individuals very often have control issues. Perhaps there are things going on in his life that he feels he cannot control, such as his job, finances, relationships etc. When this happens people often look to things they can control, such as the food they eat. Another associated condition is called body dysmorphia. This condition occurs and is very often associated with anorexia or eating disorders, when a person looks in the mirror and what they see looking back at them is not reflective of reality. He may look in the mirror and think he looks just great while the rest of us see that his is significantly underweight. Also, there could be issues of low self-esteem, need for acceptance, and he finds that not eating allows him to control these emotions. Dr. Lisa SamuelDr. Lisa Samuel | Post a Comment | Share ArticlePost a Comment Thursday Jan202011, E Johali59CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

So, what can you do to help change his behavior is the big question. The best choice would be for him to go to a physician and let that person explain the severity of his low weight and how it severely impacts how his organs function and his overall health. But, you cant force someone to go to a physician. There is a chance that if you start directing him on how to eat that he may retaliate and ignore you, or just eat less because of his fragile emotions. Once he feels that he is on the defensive it is less likely he will listen to you. Try really hard not to be judgmental about his negative eating behavior, but express your concern that you never really see him eating. Make sure he knows that you are concerned about his welfare and that you care for his health. One thing that could help would be to invite him to situations that have food or where there is public eating going on. Encouraging him to eat in front of others hopefully will make him more comfortable with the process. If he likes to drink (which I am not encouraging) then bring him to a happy hour that has a buffet and maybe make up a small plate for him and others so as not to be conspicuous. Clinically speaking, you want to encourage your friend to be interested in and intrigued by why he is not eating enough. Perhaps ask him if there are things going on in his life that are stressing him out (thereby causing the lack of eating) and be an open ear for him. You do not have to make him feel that he needs to be heavy, just normal. Try and encourage him to snack throughout the day. He may not be ready to sit down for a steak dinner at this moment, but small snacks will help him to not feel that he is overindulging. The best recommendation that I would give my friend would be to seek out qualified medical and psychological assistance, but often individuals without a lot of support systems are not open to this type of advice. And, as the person of concern is a male, he may be reluctant to the option that he has an eating disorder. Getting information and finding the right help is important. But, being a good friend and keeping an eye out for those who need assistance is the best thing a person can do. We must break the stigma that eating disorders are only for females. Dr. Lisa SamuelDr. Lisa Samuel | Post a Comment | Share ArticlePost a Comment Thursday Jan202011, E Johali60CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

How much will it take to get you to just try one bite??? Ah yes, the age old drama of trying to get your kids to eat their vegetables. My oldest son (10) will eat his vegetables on a regular basis because, basically, I do not give him a choice. If he does not like something specific, such as brussel sprouts, I do not force him to eat them. But I promote the importance of eating vegetables on a regular basis and he does understand this. My youngest son (2 ) is a completely different story. He instinctively knows when something is a vegetable or has vegetables in it. It is almost like he has internal radar for healthy food and immediately turns his head so far away from the food that I expect him to turn into the girl from the Exorcist and do a full head swing. Visualize it. So, how do I make a 2 year old eat? Should I bribe him or reward him when he eats his carrots?. My fear has been that bribery or rewards could psychologically damage him in the long run. Perhaps I would set a standard of behavior where I would have to reward him to take a shower when he is 15. That would not be acceptable. Many experts recommend the best choice is repeated exposure to a food, perhaps as many as 10 to 15 times before a child will consume a new food (Drotz, 2008). Also, eating vegetables in front of your children is recommended. This has not worked in my house with my youngest child. So is it ethical for me to offer rewards, such as promising a toy or a sticker, if my child eats his vegetables?. According to a recent research study the answer, surprisingly, is YES! In a study by the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, and the Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, they concluded that external rewards do not necessarily produce negative effects and may be useful in promoting healthful eating (Cooke et al., 2010). The study took young children and presented them with vegetables and asked them to rate them with yuckie, okay and yummy smiley faces. One group of children received no intervention, a second group received a sticker if they would try the vegetable, and the third group received social praise for trying the vegetable. Over time, the children who received a reward increased the amount of vegetables they would eat and displayed an increase in thinking the food was yummy over longer periods of time. So, I am going to the grocery store to buy more carrots and I think a couple of packets of Thomas the Train stickers. Wish me luck! Cooke, L. J.,Chambers, L.C., Aez, E. V., Croker, H. A., Boniface, D., Yeomans, M. R., & Wardle, J. (2010). Eating for pleasure or profit: The effect of incentives on childrens enjoyment of vegetables. Psychological Science, 29 December 2010. Drotz, K. (2008). 5 steps to getting children to eat more vegetables. HealthCastle.com Dr. Lisa SamuelDr. Lisa Samuel | Post a Comment | Share Article Friday Nov052010Post a Comment E Johali61CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Avoid the Blues by Eating Whole Foods Once again there is new scientific evidence that demonstrates a relationship between dietary habits and mental health. In a recent article in the American Journal of Psychiatry, the authors presented research that women who consumed fresh vegetables, fruit, beef, lamb, and whole grains demonstrated a lower likelihood of anxiety and depressive disorders in comparison with women who ate more processed foods which are very common in the United States and other western countries (Jacka et. al, 2010). This research study did incorporate age and physical activity and the results still demonstrated better mental health from those who eat more whole foods. This should not be a surprise because processed foods often lose the natural nutrients due to over cooking processes, the negative impact of canning and the over presence of aluminum due to this process, as well as all the unnecessary preservatives associated with processing foods. Some simple steps to avoid depleting the nutritional qualities of the food you cook at home include steaming your vegetables instead of boiling them, as over cooking vegetable removes a majority of the vitamins necessary for our brains to function at their best possible state. Also, consider getting your crock pots out and cook vegetables and meats together so that instead of boiling foods and throwing out the water that now contains the vitamins that were once in the vegetables, these nutrients stay in the sauce and will be consumed by you and your family. Consider some simple dishes such as corned beef (remove extra fats) and cabbage with carrots, or stews with tomatoes and beef this winter. To read more Jacka, F. N., Pasco, J. A., Mykletun, A., Williams, L.J., Hodge, A.M., OReilly, S. L., Nicholson, G. C., Kotowicz, M. A., & Berk, M. (2010). Association of Western and traditional diets with depression and anxiety in women. Am J Psychiatry. 2010 Mar;167(3):305-11. Epub 2010 Jan 4. E Johali62CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Can We Modify Kids Behaviors E Johali63CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Healthy Behavior 100 Life Saving Health Food Tips http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRJ71HLcKmI&playnext=1&list=PLA515CB626AC2E50E&fe ature=results_video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRJ71HLcKmI&playnext=1&list=PLA515CB626AC2E50E&fe ature=results_video (Watch and Make Summary 2-3 slides) End of Course 100 Life Saving Health Food Tips http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRJ71HLcKmI&playnext=1&list=PLA515CB626AC2E50E&fe ature=results_video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRJ71HLcKmI&playnext=1&list=PLA515CB626AC2E50E&fe ature=results_video (Watch and Make Summary 2-3 slides) End of Course The Most 10 Islamic Mysteries (Secrets) of Human Behavior that science did not and cannot explain http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science- news/5981311/The-10-mysteries-of-human-behaviour- that-science-cant-explain.html See Johali Academic Site http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science- news/5981311/The-10-mysteries-of-human-behaviour- that-science-cant-explain.html Treat Depressed \Anxious With Natural Nutrition (herbals ) I don't get depressed or anxious with my herbals! Human Behavior by Nouman Ali Khan http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pCU16GM_Y6o E Johali64CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Promoting Health And Wellbeing. Positive - Negative And Holistic Health http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVUtb7_wdbg&feature=related what is holistic health what to look for in a good practitioner,where to find a qualified holistic health practitioner http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chO6J6vSgYw&feature=related E Johali65CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

Doctors report that the child would never be able to play any physically exerting sport the child grows to be the fittest athlete in the world How did the parents define the situation? How did the child define the situation? How did it influence their behavior? Doctors report that the child would never be able to play any physically exerting sport the child grows to be the fittest athlete in the world How did the parents define the situation? How did the child define the situation? How did it influence their behavior? CASE STUDIES With HuCOM If there is a time E Johali66

References Miracles of Hadith - 360 joints in the human body - Behavioral Nutrition in http://www.goodpsych.com/behavioral-nutritionnhttp://www.goodpsych.com/behavioral-nutritionn - The Psychology of Nutrition http://www.eatingdisordersarena.com/thehttp://www.eatingdisordersarena.com/the - http://www.holisticonline.com/Remedies/Anxiety/prayer_overcoming-fear.htm - http://www.holisticonline.com/Remedies/Anxiety/prayer_overcoming-fear.htm http://www.powershow.com/view/eb23- Njg0Z/Improving_Patient_Adherence_Through_Health_Behavior_Change_flash_ppt_presentati on http://www.powershow.com/view/eb23- Njg0Z/Improving_Patient_Adherence_Through_Health_Behavior_Change_flash_ppt_presentati on Miracles of Hadith - 360 joints in the human body - Behavioral Nutrition in http://www.goodpsych.com/behavioral-nutritionnhttp://www.goodpsych.com/behavioral-nutritionn - The Psychology of Nutrition http://www.eatingdisordersarena.com/thehttp://www.eatingdisordersarena.com/the - http://www.holisticonline.com/Remedies/Anxiety/prayer_overcoming-fear.htm - http://www.holisticonline.com/Remedies/Anxiety/prayer_overcoming-fear.htm http://www.powershow.com/view/eb23- Njg0Z/Improving_Patient_Adherence_Through_Health_Behavior_Change_flash_ppt_presentati on http://www.powershow.com/view/eb23- Njg0Z/Improving_Patient_Adherence_Through_Health_Behavior_Change_flash_ppt_presentati on Chapter 3 Mainstreams of Organizational Thought This Multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease, or lending of the program. This Multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease, or lending of the program. E Johali67CMED 303 - CNHB 2014

dr. eisa ali johali بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم kingdom of saudi arabia \ ministry of...

Documents