dr. b. mickan, 20 th sep. 2013 - 1 - reqirements of nozzle shape iso9300 versus reality dr.-ing. b....
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Dr. B. Mickan, 20th Sep. 2013 - 1 -
Reqirements of Nozzle ShapeISO9300 versus reality
Dr.-Ing. B. Mickan; PTBSonic Nozzle Workshop; 2013-09-20; Poitiers
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Dr. B. Mickan, 20th Sep. 2013 - 2 -
- requirements in ISO 9300 for toroidial nozzles (conventional)
- indirect measures for nozzle geometry for small nozzles
- procedure of dimensional measurements at PTB (d > 2 mm)
- Examples for larger nozzles
- relation to cd-values
- Conclusions/discussions/proposals
Content
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Dr. B. Mickan, 20th Sep. 2013 - 3 -
Requirements out of ISO9300
- divergent section:
steps, discontinuities, deviation from circularity shall be < 1% dlocal
but Ra shall be < 10-4d (7.1.4)
- Inlet section: Ra shall be < 1.510-5d (7.1.3 [7.2.2.4])
- Inlet section: curvature of toroid shall be 1.8 < Rc < 2.2
deviation from ideal toroid form always < 10-4d (7.2.2.4)
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Dr. B. Mickan, 20th Sep. 2013 - 4 -
Indirect measures of geometry for small nozzles
5.0Re
bacD
RC = G-1(b) [Geropp];a = H(RC) (Kliegel/Levine, Hall, Oswatitsch)RC … close to curvature at throat but not identical
Dm cdQ 2
4
=> You can determine b as well as d out of Flow rate measurements at different pressures.
Prior information about d:422 nozzles design value or manufacturer spec.80 nozzles values for d determined at PTB
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Dr. B. Mickan, 20th Sep. 2013 - 5 -
0,1 1 100
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10b
throat diameter dth
b ideal value
mm
Indirect measures of geometry for small nozzles
It is not very likely that the curvature can be fullfilled for small nozzles near to the throat.
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Dr. B. Mickan, 20th Sep. 2013 - 6 -
Indirect measures of geometry for small nozzles
0,1 1 10
-4
-2
0
2
4
d/d
throat diameter dth
%
mm
d -0.4
Red – manufacturer infoBlue – PTB measurement
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Dr. B. Mickan, 20th Sep. 2013 - 7 -
Indirect measures of geometry for small nozzles
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 30,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
acc
. fre
q
d/d0.6
0,1 1 10-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
d/d
0.6
throat diameter dth
mm
Red – manufacturer infoBlue – PTB measurement
In average we have agreement between dimensional measurementand flow measurement !!
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Dr. B. Mickan, 20th Sep. 2013 - 8 -
Measurement procedure of inner shape (PTB)
X
Y
Z0
h
Y
zA zEzH
-8 lines- 200 points each line- one circle with 360 points at throat
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Dr. B. Mickan, 20th Sep. 2013 - 9 -
Measurement procedure of inner shape (PTB)
-0,8 -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0,0 0,2 0,40,48
0,50
0,52
0,54
0,56
0,58
0,60
0,62
0,64
-0,10 -0,08 -0,06 -0,04 -0,02 0,00 0,02 0,04 0,06 0,08 0,100,4995
0,5000
0,5005
0,5010
0,5015
0,5020
0,5025
0,5030r/
d
z/d
Approximation with B-Splines
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Dr. B. Mickan, 20th Sep. 2013 - 10 -
Measurement procedure of inner shape (PTB)
-0,8 -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0,0 0,2 0,4-0,0003
-0,0002
-0,0001
0,0000
0,0001
0,0002
0,0003
resi
du
als
/d
z/d
res
For cD = 0.995 => displacement thickness is 0.00125d=> What is a relevant roughness?
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Dr. B. Mickan, 20th Sep. 2013 - 11 -
Nozzle shapes from real live
Nozzle 71996-2013-08dthroat = 26,0395 mm
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Dr. B. Mickan, 20th Sep. 2013 - 12 -
Nozzle shapes from real live
Nozzle 71988-2013-08dthroat = 6,5147 mm
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Dr. B. Mickan, 20th Sep. 2013 - 13 -
Nozzle shapes from real live
Nozzle 71986-2013-08dthroat = 3,2566 mm
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Dr. B. Mickan, 20th Sep. 2013 - 14 -
Other Nozzle shapes and cD-Value
Nozzle dThroat [mm]
#1 0,9915
#2 1,3436
#3 2,295
#4 3,903
#5 6,646
#6 11,261
0,000 0,002 0,004 0,006 0,008 0,010
0,965
0,970
0,975
0,980
0,985
0,990
0,995
1,000nozzle #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6
ISO9300 (1) with ±0.3% confidence band ISO9300 (2) with ±0.2% confidence band
c D
1/Re0.5
-1,8 -1,5 -1,2 -0,9 -0,6 -0,3 0,0 0,3
-0,3
0,0
0,3
0,6
0,9
1,2
1,5
1,8
nozzle #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6
ISO9300 with confidence band (clause 7.2.2.4)
curv
atu
re r
atio
normalised position z/d
throat
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Dr. B. Mickan, 20th Sep. 2013 - 15 -
Conclusions/discussion/proposals
- Shape requirements are not very practical
- Roughness criteria to sharp for laminar region?
- Deviation from toroid form is not so important far away from throat
- Curvature at throat is critical in production as well as for cd-behavior
- But not as ciritcal as is seems first
- Curvature evaluation depends much on
measurement and evaluation procedure
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Dr. B. Mickan, 20th Sep. 2013 - 16 -
Conclusions/discussion/proposals
• Is it helpful to define the measurement procedure
of dimensional measurement as well as evaluation of it?
• Determination of an average RC (physically weighted [Geropp])?
• cD as a function of such a RC (0.8 [?] < RC < 5[?])
(e.g. addionally supported by theoretical/numerical knowledge)?