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Embedded Systems an introduction Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

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Page 1: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Embedded Systemsan introduction

Dr ALI El-Mousa

University of Jordan

Computer Engineering Department

Page 2: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Content

1. History of embedded systems

2. State of the practiceEmbedded Systems Markets

3. Definitions & Requirements

4. ....

Page 3: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

1. History of ES

Page 4: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

History of ES: the elevator example

Page 5: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Elevator history From ancient times through the Middle Ages,

and into the 13th century, man, animal, wind and water power was the driving force behind hoisting devices.

http://www.columbia-elevator.com/info/index.html http://www.otis.com/aboutotis/elevatorsinfo/0,1361,CLI1,00.html

Page 6: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Elevator history By 1850 steam and hydraulic

elevators had been introduced

Page 7: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Elevator history: OTIS in 1852 the invention of the world's

first safety elevator by Elisha Graves Otis.

“parachute”

Page 8: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

OTIS story

The first passenger elevator was installed by Otis in New York in 1857. After Otis' death in 1861, his sons, Charles and Norton, built on his heritage, creating Otis Brothers & Co. in 1867.

By 1873 over 2,000 Otis elevators were in use in office buildings, hotels and department stores across America, and five years later the first Otis hydraulic passenger elevator was installed.

Page 9: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

OTIS story

The Era of the Skyscraper followed.... and in 1889 Otis revealed the first successful direct-connected geared electric elevator machines.

In 1898 overseas business had added to the company's growth, and Otis Brothers merged with 14 other elevator entities to form the Otis Elevator Company.

Page 10: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

OTIS story 1903: the gearless traction electric

elevator

Page 11: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Elevator control

Throughout all these years, Otis innovations in automatic controls have included:

the Signal Control System Peak Period Control 1948: the Otis Autotronic System

(first elevators without operators) Multiple Zoning.

Page 12: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Todays added value Remote elevator

monitoring The control unit has a

webserver included Elevators are

networked

Page 13: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

History of ES: telephone switching

systems

Page 14: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

The switching system story

Manual switching

Electro-mechanical switching

Page 15: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

The switching system story

1965: first electronic switching central officethe 1 ESS

Page 16: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

The switching system story

1980: Digital switching systems:

Page 17: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Today

Increasing number of services New services every 2 years => how to quickly

adapt massive software??? Switching system is part of “the internet”

Page 18: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

History of ES: the advent of electronics &

computer technology

Page 19: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

1961: Autonetics D-17 The first mass-produced embedded

system guidance computer for the Minuteman

missile, released in 1961. It was built from discrete transistor logic

and had a hard disk for main memory. When the Minuteman II went into

production in 1966, the D-17 was replaced with a new computer that was the first high-volume use of integrated circuits. This program alone reduced prices on quad NAND gate ICs from $1000/each to $3/each, permitting their use in commercial products.

The crucial design features of the Minuteman computer were that its guidance algorithm could be reprogrammed later in the program, to make the missile more accurate, and the computer could also test the missile, saving cable and connector weight.

Page 20: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

1964: Apollo Guidance Computer The first recognizably modern embedded system developed by Charles Stark Draper at the MIT

Instrumentation Laboratory. Each flight to the moon had two. They ran the

inertial guidance systems of both the command module and LEM.

At the project's inception, the Apollo guidance computer was considered the riskiest item in the Apollo project.

The use of the then new monolithic integrated circuits, to reduce the size and weight, increased this risk.

Page 21: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Apollo guidance computer

Page 22: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department
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1960: PDP-1….11....

Factory automation

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Pdp11 - QBus

Page 25: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

PDP-11…RT-11

First Real-Time Operating Systems Still alive

Page 26: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

History of ES: the advent of the microprocessor

Page 27: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Intel 4004

For calculators and other small systems. required external memory chips and other

external support logic. More powerful microprocessors, such as the

Intel 8080 were developed for military projects, but also sold for other uses.

Page 28: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Mid 70s

8-bit microprocessors were the norm, but usually needed external memory chips, and logic for decoding and input/output.

prices rapidly fell and more applications adopted small embedded systems in place of (then more common) custom logic designs.

Some of the more visible applications were in instrumentation and expensive devices

Page 29: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Mid 80s

external system components had been integrated into the same chip as the processor.

The result was a dramatic reduction in the size and cost of embedded systems. Such integrated circuits were called microcontrollers rather than microprocessors, and widespread use of embedded systems became feasible.

As the cost of a microcontroller fell below $1, it became feasible to replace expensive analog components such as potentiometers and variable capacitors with digital electronics controlled by a small microcontroller.

By the end of the 80s, embedded systems were the norm rather than the exception for almost all electronics devices, a trend which has continued since.

Page 30: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

END of history

Page 31: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

2. Market & Examples

Page 32: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Market shares and sales

Page 33: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department
Page 34: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department
Page 35: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Global embedded systems market

Page 36: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

OS used today

Source: http://www.vdc-corp.com

CMP survey: http://www.embedded.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=187203732

Page 37: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Markets

Automotive Avionics/Aerospace/Defence Industrial Automation Telecommunications Consumer Electronics & Intelligent Homes &

Retail (Thin Clients/POS) Scientific & Medical Equipment Computer peripherals

Page 38: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Automotive

Page 39: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Automotive

Page 40: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Automotive

• Electronic control units in chassis systems • Power train electronics• Body electronics/security systems• Driver Information and in-car entertainment• Safety & vehicle dynamics• Information and computing systems• Automatic & remote diagnosis

Page 41: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Source: INFINEON during SURGE meeting dec 2000

Page 42: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Source: INFINEON during SURGE meeting dec 2000

Page 43: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Source: INFINEON during SURGE meeting dec 2000

Page 44: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Some Large Players DaimlerChrysler: http://www.daimlerchrysler.com PSA-Peugeot-Citroen: http://www.psa-peugeot-citroen.com Renault: http://www.renault.com Audi AG: www.audi.com Volkswagen AG: www.vw.com BMW Group: www.bmw.com Ford Motor Company: www.ford.com Toyota: www.toyota.com Opel: www.opel.com Siemens VDO: www.siemensvdo.com Bosch: www.bosch.com Delphi: www.delphi.com Valeo: www.valeo.com Johnson Controls: http://www.johnsoncontrols.com/

Page 45: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Avionics/Aerospace/Defense

Page 46: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Avionics/Aerospace/Defense

It includes commercial aircraft, military aircraft, satellite & radar systems.

Command & Control & Communications & Intelligence

Air-traffic control Telemetry Avionics & test equipment Vehicle simulation Automatic test systems Missile guidance systems Vehicle control systems

Page 47: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Space

Page 48: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Dedicated Systems & DIFA

Data Interface Front End Assembly (DIFA)-systeem - Alcatel Bell Space

Dedicated Systems was subcontractor for the DIFA software

Page 49: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department
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Radar

Page 52: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Aircraft simulation

Page 53: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Avionics

Page 54: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

C4I

http://www.c4i.org

Page 55: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Air Traffic Control

Page 56: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Test benches

Page 57: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Some Major Players

Airbus: http://www.airbus.com Thales: http://www.thalesgroup.com Boeing: http://www.boeing.com BAE: www.baesystems.com Bombardier: www.bombardier.com Embraer : www.embraer.com

Page 58: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Industrial automation

Page 59: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Industrial Automation

Manufacturing and process control motion controllers & operator interfaces Intelligent Homes Robotics, HVAC: heating, ventilation and airco Energy distribution. general Transport infrastructure (route, rail) Building automation Construction, mining, oil & gas Agricultural machinery Financial systems & Postal systems

Page 60: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Manufacturing Supervisor/Control Process monitoring Factory-data collection Manufacturing test Quality control Factory-floor control Robotics control Nuclear power plants control & simulation

Page 61: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Automation

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Process monitoring & control

Page 63: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Pick & place – inspection - litho

Page 64: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Transport infrastructure(route, rail) Vehicle control systems

(manned or unmanned) Vehicle management systems

(intelligent automobiles) Vehicle guidance - positioning - localisation (GPS) Route Traffic control Baggage handling systems Pipeline inspection systems ABS, fuel injection, active suspension

Page 65: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Rail

Page 66: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Building automation, domotics

DOMus infOrmaTICS

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Construction, mining, oil & gas & agricultural machinery

Page 68: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Pipeline inspection

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Financial systems

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Audio/photo/video industry Photolab equipment Video production & mastering equipment Audio production & mastering equipment CD/DVD production & mastering equipment

Page 71: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Postal systems

Page 72: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Power production & distribution

Power production Nuclear Thermal Windmills

Power distribution

Page 73: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Powerplants & Power distribution

Page 74: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Some Players ABB: http://www.abb.com/ Allen Bradley: http://www.ab.com/products.html Automation Direct: http://web4.automationdirect.com/adc/Home/Home Comau: http://www.comau.com GE Fanuc: http://www.gefanuc.com/ Honeywell: http://www.honeywell.com/sites/acs/ Klockner Moeller: http://www.klocknermoeller.com Mitsubishi: http://www.mitsubishi-automation.com/ Omron: http://omron-industrial.com/uk/home/ Rockwell: http://www.rockwellautomation.com/

Reliance: http://www.reliance.com/

Toshiba: http://www.toshiba.com/tai/support/support_ind.jsp# Schneider Electric: http://www.schneider-electric.com/wps/portal/corp/

Merlin Gerin: http://www.merlin-gerin.com/MG/en/index.htm Square D: http://www.squared.com/ Telemecanique: http://www.telemecanique.com/en/index.htm

Siemens: http://www.automation.siemens.com/_en/portal/index.htm Westinghouse: http://rras.westinghousenuclear.com/

Page 75: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Telecommunications

Page 76: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Telecommunications

It includes infrastructure, services and end devices.

Switching systems, PBXs Operational support systems, Network planning,

Customer services Testing, Monitoring Data transmission & protocol conversions Network controllers Modems, Fax servers, Fire walls Interactive voice response systems

Page 77: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Telephone

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Telecom

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Networks

Page 80: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Consumer Electronics, Intelligent Homes,

Retail

Page 81: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Consumer Electronics, Intelligent Homes, Retail

It includes set-top boxes, Internet access devices, home audio/video, and white goods.

Video games Interactive CD Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Car PC Set top boxes Cell phones (GSM)

Page 82: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Consumer

Page 83: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Smart devices

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Retail (Thin Clients/POS)

Page 85: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Scientific & MedicalEquipment

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Scientific & Medical Equipment

It includes patient monitoring equipment medical therapy equipment imaging systems (x-ray, scanners, therapy systems) diagnostic equipment imaging equipment surgical systems laboratory tests control & acquisition seismic data acquisition automatic liquid (&..) analysing systems life supporting equipment equipment for the handicapped oscilloscopes, logic analysers, spectrum analysers,

network analysers

Page 87: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Instrumentation

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medical

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surgical

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Computer peripherals

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Computers and their peripherals Copy machines Printing office equipment Multimedia equipment Mass storage equipment Display systems

Page 92: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Computer peripherals

Page 93: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Conclusion 1

An extreme variety of application areas. Each application area has its “habits”. An increasing amount of money is involved. Only few engineers worldwide involved

(maximum 200K ?) having influence on our daily lives of all of us.

Page 94: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

Conclusion 2

Hardware is important and will produce the money

However – the intelligence in the software is the sales driver:smart – smarter – smartest….

In industry most people are hardware educatedMartin’s statement: “embedded systems = the world of electronic hobbyists”

Is it art, technology or science?

Page 95: Dr ALI El-Mousa University of Jordan Computer Engineering Department

END ofMarket & Examples