BIO-ENERGY POLICY IN NEPAL

Jointly by MFSC & NPC, Nepal 3rd June 2011

Dr A N Das & Manahari Khadka

1 Energy Use in Nepal

Bio-energy remains primary source of energy in Nepal

Firewood dominates bio-energy source followed by animal dung, and agriculture residue

Fuel crops and municipal waste are yet to appear as source of bio-energy in Nepal Bio-energy,

87.8

Renewable, 0.04 Commercial,

12.2

Energy consumption in Nepal, 2008/09

13.03

1.810.01

14.85

-

4.00

8.00

12.00

16.00

20.00

Bio-energy Commercial Renewable Overall

Per c

aptit

a co

nsum

ptio

n (G

J)

Agriculture residue, 4.21

Animal dung, 6.60

Biogas, 0.04

Fuelw ood, 89.16

2 Feed Stock and Existing Use

Firewood use is quite higher than sustainable supply There exists high potential for utilizing other bio-mass sources such as

agriculture residue, bio-gas and animal dung for bio-energy Country energy requirement for the year 2008/09 can be fulfilled from

agricultural sector only if managed properly

-

50,000.0

100,000.0

150,000.0

200,000.0

250,000.0

300,000.000

0 G

J

Availability 121,906.1 129,925.5 209,485.6 42,902.9

Existing use 12,436.1 19,130.4 257,893.8 2,593.1

Agriculture residue Animal dung Firewood Biogas

3 Bio-fuel Crops in Nepal Potential bio-fuel crops of Nepal are Jatropha, maize, soybean,

sugarcane (Around 100,000 ha) Less developed/less research and technology developed

Jatropha cultivation are mostly confined to degraded land, forest area, barren land and waste land, may not compete with food crops

At present, extent of cultivation is very small, fragmented and scattered

Less profitable to farmer if utilized agricultural land and local varieties Processing and blending of bio-fuel not fully developed

No reliable data on existing status of cultivation of bio-fuel crops, including Jatropha

Impact and implication on food security not fully known Impact on farming system in general and food security in particular is

not fully explored Private sector involvement is increasing rapidlyl

Hence, appropriate policy measures including periodic monitoring is necessary for minimizing adverse impact on food security National Planning Commission is developing Jatropha policy in Nepal

4 Bio-Energy Policy in Nepal No comprehensive policy on bio-energy development,

but covered by different sectoral policies and strategies, Revised forest policy, 2000 – Wood fuel Agricultural residues (crop and livestock) – None Bio-fuel crops –strategy being prepared, draft stage Bio-gas – Rural (Renewable) Energy Policy, 2006 Waste – Sold waste management national policy, 1996

Three Year Plan Approach paper (2011-2013) aims to improve living condition and employment opportunities of local communities while enhancing productivity of traditional energy sources, reducing dependency and linking with sustainable environment development while integrating alternative energy development in social and economic development activities

WECS is formulating Energy Resource Strategy, which identified bio-mass energy as one of the priority thematic area (Work on progress)

5 Issues and Challenges Lack of clear policy on use of bio-mass energy

including energy security issues and energy mix Inadequate policy and incentive mechanisms for

other sector of bio-energy especially on agricultural residues, bio-fuel crops, resource base creation outside forests

Lack of integrated energy planning Bio-energy sector come under jurisdiction of different

sectoral ministries and No designated ministry or institutions

Fragmentation of responsibilities, overlap in mandates, roles and functions

Inadequate appropriate technologies suited to a variety of biomass materials and energy applications

Inadequate government funding Weak information and statistical data in resources,

production

6 Priority

Sustainable and efficient utilization of bio-energy

Enhance sustainable

supply of biomass

Increase efficiency on bio-energy use

Strengthen capacity to manage bio-energy

sector effectively

Bio-energy development should give priority to

WAY FORWARD (Future Priorities)

Comprehensive Bioenergy policy formulation and amend Acts and Regulations accordingly Improved efficiency in meeting Household Needs Provide efficient and varied biomass energy solutions to rural areas for cooking & heating purposes Strengthen institutional capacity of concerned government, public, private and community institutions Form a dedicated institution for Bioenergy Dev. R & D for improving productivity of Jatropha and other potential species. • Technical cooperation and technological transfer • Attract investment in the bioenergy sector (government, private and donor)

Jatropha fruit

Jatropha Seeds

Bio-Diesel: Nursery, Plantation and Processing Plant for Jatropha, Palpa

Bio-diesel production plant

Bio-gas Plant

Improved cooking Stove(ICS)

Thank You