downstream migration of fishes at big hydropower plants in...
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Downstream migration of fishes at big hydropower plants
in Switzerland: completed and future research activities
Armin Peter, Dr. Peter FishConsulting, Hagmattstr. 7, 4600 Olten
www.fishconsulting.ch, e-mail: [email protected]
Former address: Eawag – Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology,
6047 Kastanienbaum / Switzerland
Co-authors: I. Albayrak, R. Boes, D. Flügel, R. Kriewitz, VAW/ETH Zurich, Eawag
Fish Market 2016, October 6 2016, Roermond, NL 1
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Swiss water protection Law
(latest revision2012)
- obligation to restore rivers
- restore connectivity for fishes till 2030
• Cantons have to plan and enact re-establishment of fish migration
• all hydropower plants have to be remediated until 2030
• operators are fully compensated (funded with 0.1. cents per KW/h,
50 Mio.SFr./y)
• the monitoring costs are also compensated
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3
Need of re-establishing the longitudinal
connectivity for fishes
2075 barriers were checked (all cantons in Switzerland)
• 677 barriers need restoration for upstream migration
• 724 barriers need restoration for downstream migration
Data Federal Office for the Environment
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Hydropower plant Stroppel Limat River max. 33 m3/s
Horizontal screens, 20 mm (2.7 m x 25.5 m),
angle of approaching flow 38°, velocity 0.48 m/s
lateral bypass
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Hydropower plant Rheinfelden River Rhine
bypass length 900 m, discharge 10-15 m3/s
photoenergiedienst
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Project
«downstream migration of fish at
big hydropower plants»
Partners
VAR Verband Aare-Rheinwerke
(collective of 32 hydropower plants)
VAW Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and
and Glaciology)
Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science
and Technology
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Hydropower plant Willstätt Kinzig D
vertical screen, spacing 10 mm
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Louver Holyoke Dam Connecticut River MA135 m long, 15° angle, 51 mm slat spacing,
flow velocities: 0.3-0.9 m/s
efficiency
Atlantic salmon Smolts +++ (85-90%)
sturgeon +++
eel +
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Columbia River - Bonneville Dam
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Wanapum Dam Columbia River ORDownstream migration over the slide
70% of smolts,
99% survival rate
Wanapum dam
discharge at low flow: 3000-4000 m3/s
Discharge at the slide
April – August 566 m3/s
10
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Hydropower plant Birsfelden
Fish fauna High Rhine about 40 fish species
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Slide R. Kriewitz, VAW
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ethohydraulic model: 30 m long, 1.8 m wide, discharge 1200 l/s
water depth: 90 cm, velocities used: 30-90 cm/s
guiding array angled 15°
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guiding array angled 30°
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Tested configurations
Louvers angled at 15 and 30 degrees to the flow
clear spacings of the slats: 5 and 11 cm
water velocities: 30 and 60 cm/s
with and without bottom overlay
Bar racks (45°) angled at 15 & 30 degrees to the flow
Clear spacings of the slats: 5 and 11 cm
water velocities: 30 and 60 cm/s
with and without bottom overlay
Guidance array angled at 30 degrees (Null-configuration)
slats parallel to the flow, 5 cm clear spacing, 60 cm/s
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Used fish species, only wild fish
grayling (Thymallus thymallus) threatened
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barbel (Barbus barbus)
potentially
threatened
spirlin (Alburnoides bipunctatus)
threatened pictures D. Flügel Eawag and A. Hartl
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brown trout (Salmo trutta fario)
potentially threatened
eel (Anguilla anguilla)
threatened
pictures D. Flügel
& A. Peter
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• Louver
Little success with slats spaced 11 cm apart
and 0.3 m/s or 0.6 m/s: 55 % of barbel and
35-40 % of the spirlin go the way to the turbine
better results with slats spaced 5 cm:
5 %/35 % of the barbels go the way to the
turbine, and 10%/25 % of the spirlin
results Louver
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• bar racks
arrays angled 15°:, slats spaced 5 cm apart with
0.3 m/s and 0.6 m/s: 83-95% of the barbels and
83-100 % of the spirlin swim into the bypass
• arrays angled 30°: slats spaced 5 cm apart, with
0.3 m/s and 0.6 m/s: 86-95 % barbels and
75 % of spirlin swim into the bypass
results bar racks
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Comparison with versus without bottom overlay
grayling
arrays angled 30°, bar rack, 5 cm slat space, 0.6 m/s
without: 35 % in the bypass
with: 96 % in the bypass
Barbel
arrays angled 15°, bar rack, 5 cm slat space, 0.6 m/s
without: 83 % (winter experiments)
with: 100 % in the bypass
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Eel - comparison with versus without bottom overlay
eel
arrays angled 15°: bar rack, slat space 5 cm, 0.6 m/s
without: 73 % use the bypass
with: 91 % use the bypass
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also the performance of brown trout
was positively influenced by the bottom overlay
Trout - comparisons with bottom overlay
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Conclusioncompleted experiments
• bar racks generate promising results and are
favored over Louvers
• arrays with a bottom overlay have a higher
fish guiding efficiency
• different bypass configurations have to be tested
• testing of transferability of lab studies to
a real hydropower plant situation (pilot study)
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Future experiments
In connection with the EU project HORIZON FIThydro
(Fish friendly Innovative Technologies for HYDROpower proposal)
Goal: improve the efficient use of hydropower by providing
safe downstream fish guidance past the hydropower intake
Study different bypass configurations:
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Different bypass configurations
• fully open – only top – only bottom
• different bypass geometries
• optimized flow field in the bypass
(no velocity drop in the bypass)
• reducing negative impacts of modified bar racks
on the turbine flow
(installing flow straighteners)
literature: e.g. Croze 2008, Lehmann & Adam 2016
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Case study Aare River, hydropower plant Bannwil
discharge: 435 m3/s, installed capacity 28 MW
no special fish downstream migration measures installed
Planned studies: evaluation of near-surface and near-bottom bypasses,
horizontal fish guidance screen, alternatively, due to large design
discharge, installation of modified bar rack fish guidance structure
Partners:
VAW/ETH Zurich – BKW –
Peter FishConsulting
googlemaps
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Conclusion for big hydropower plants
• new studies will build up on carried out experiences and results
• hydraulic and etho-hydraulic approaches in a lab flume
• important focus: bypass configurations
• additional studies at two hydropower plants
• pilot study for downstream migration at a big hydropower plant
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Acknowledgment
• Verband Aare-Rheinwerke VAR
• Swiss Federal Office of Energy
• Federal Office for the Environment
• swisselectric research
• David Flügel, Tamara Bös, Nils Schölzel
• Robert Kriewitz, Ismail Albayrak, Robert Boes, VAW
VAW team
pictures: David Flügel, A. Peter, VAW
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Thank you