_download_gw501_background and significance - woodall
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8/8/2019 _download_gw501_Background and Significance - Woodall
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Writing theWriting the
Background and SignificanceBackground and Significance
SectionSection
W. Gill Woodall, Ph. D.W. Gill Woodall, Ph. D.
Senior Research ScientistSenior Research Scientist
AndAndProfessor of CommunicationProfessor of Communication
CASAA-UNM
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Normal length: 3Normal length: 3--5 pages is5 pages isoften what is recommendedoften what is recommended
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ContinuityContinuity There should be a smooth, continuous flowThere should be a smooth, continuous flow
across sections:across sections: Abstract: Engage the reviewerAbstract: Engage the reviewer
Specific Aims: What will be accomplished?Specific Aims: What will be accomplished?
BackgroundBackground : What has been done so far?: What has been done so far?
SignificanceSignificance : Why is this research important?: Why is this research important?
Preliminary Studies: What havePreliminary Studies: What have youyoudone so far?done so far?
Research Plan: What will you do and why?Research Plan: What will you do and why?
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Two ComponentsTwo Components
Two distinct but interTwo distinct but inter--related purposes:related purposes:
Background:Background:Thoroughly reviewThoroughly review
(others(others) research to date relevant to) research to date relevant toyour proposalyour proposal
SignificanceSignificance: Establish why the: Establish why theproposed research matters, making anproposed research matters, making an
important contribution of newimportant contribution of new
knowledgeknowledge
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Which Comes First?Which Comes First?
BackgroundBackgroundprovides the context forprovides the context forsignificance and shows gaps insignificance and shows gaps inknowledgeknowledge
SignificanceSignificanceraises interest and providesraises interest and provides
the context for organizing andthe context for organizing andunderstanding background researchunderstanding background research
Significance sandwichSignificance sandwich OverallOverall significancesignificance, problem, question, problem, question
Background researchBackground research
SpecificSpecific significancesignificance
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Background SearchBackground Search Missing important published studies isMissing important published studies is
one reason for a proposal being markedone reason for a proposal being markeddowndown
FindingFinding allallthe relevant researchthe relevant research Electronic search termsElectronic search terms
Published reviewsPublished reviews
Hand searches of key journalsHand searches of key journals Branching through citationsBranching through citations
Science Citation Index tracesScience Citation Index traces
Colleague preColleague pre--reviewreview
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Background TheoryBackground Theory
What organizing theories are relevant?What organizing theories are relevant? What theory guided your study design,What theory guided your study design,
selection of measures and methods?selection of measures and methods?
What theory or theories would be testedWhat theory or theories would be tested
in the proposed study?in the proposed study?
Are there theories that make conflictingAre there theories that make conflicting
predictions?predictions?
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Background ComponentsBackground Components Index card sortingIndex card sorting
What are the major clusters ofWhat are the major clusters ofbackground research findings?background research findings?
These become the sideThese become the side--heads of yourheads of yourbackground sectionbackground section
It is strongly recommended that youIt is strongly recommended that yououtline all of this before you start writingoutline all of this before you start writingthis sectionthis section
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B. Background andB. Background and
SignificanceSignificance
B.1 College Binge Drink ing: EpidemiologyB.1 College Binge Drink ing: Epidemiologyand Intervention Effectivenessand Intervention Effectiveness
B.1.1. Universal prevent ive interventions.B.1.1. Universal prevent ive interventions.
B.1.2. Targeted intervent ions.B.1.2. Targeted intervent ions. B.1.3. Motivational Interview ing approachesB.1.3. Motivational Interview ing approaches
to binge drinking prevention.to binge drinking prevention.
B.1.4. Summary.B.1.4. Summary.
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B. Background andB. Background and
SignificanceSignificance
B.2. Health Information andB.2. Health Information andInterventions on the InternetInterventions on the Internet
B.2.1. Categories of health websiteB.2.1. Categories of health website
design.design.
B.2.2.B.2.2. Summary.Summary.
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B. Background andB. Background and
SignificanceSignificance
B.3 Website Development PrinciplesB.3 Website Development Principles B.4 Overall SummaryB.4 Overall Summary
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What does it look like on theWhat does it look like on thepage?page?
(take a look)(take a look)
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B. Background andB. Background and
SignificanceSignificance
This outline took 7 pages of narrative toThis outline took 7 pages of narrative tocompletecomplete
It is organized on broad to narrower literatureIt is organized on broad to narrower literature
focus implicit in the outlinefocus implicit in the outline It uses forecasting statements in theIt uses forecasting statements in the
introduction to each section and subsectionintroduction to each section and subsection
It uses summary sections at the end of eachIt uses summary sections at the end of each
major subsection and sectionmajor subsection and section
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Organizing the ComponentsOrganizing the Components
A logically organized flow that is easy to readA logically organized flow that is easy to readand followand follow
that leads right up to the doorstep of thethat leads right up to the doorstep of theresearch that you propose to doresearch that you propose to do
and shows how your research will fit in, extend,and shows how your research will fit in, extend,complement, or challenge current knowledgecomplement, or challenge current knowledgeand theoryand theory
Numbered sideNumbered side--heads can be helpful in orientingheads can be helpful in orienting
the reviewer to the flow of your argumentthe reviewer to the flow of your argument
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Overall SignificanceOverall Significance
The overview: So what? Who cares?The overview: So what? Who cares? Significance and Innovation as NIH reviewSignificance and Innovation as NIH review
criteriacriteria
Why does research in this area matter?Why does research in this area matter?
NIH: How will this benefit health?NIH: How will this benefit health?
Is there a practical problem addressed byIs there a practical problem addressed by
this research?this research?
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Specific SignificanceSpecific Significance How will your research be an advance?How will your research be an advance?
How is this a logical next step?How is this a logical next step?
What new knowledge will result?What new knowledge will result?
Does it fill in a gap in research to date?Does it fill in a gap in research to date?
How will this knowledge be applicable?How will this knowledge be applicable? Where is this line of research going?Where is this line of research going?
Where might it lead?Where might it lead? (If in response) How is your research(If in response) How is your research
relevant to the needs stated in the PA,relevant to the needs stated in the PA,
RFA, or RFP?RFA, or RFP?
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Your Questions??!!Your Questions??!!