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Matthias Haeussler,Thorsten Jakoby
You shall not PaaS ?!Let us be your guide to a successful cloud migration
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Agenda
• Brief information speakers and Novatec• Application details• Initial problem• High level migration path• Topics in detail
• Application and it’s runtime• Platform• Persistence and Messaging• Security
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Speakers & Novatec Consulting GmbH Matthias Häußler
@maeddes
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Thorsten Jakoby @jakobyte1024
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Hannover Karlsruhe München Zweibrücken
Leinfelden- Echterdingen Berlin Frankfurt Hamburg
Our Locations
Granada
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Agile Methods
▪ Agile Coach▪ Agile Leadership▪ Agile Training▪ Agile Transformation▪ Management 3.0▪ Scrum Master
Agile Software Engineering
▪ Methodical modernization
▪ Feedback-based Development & Pairing
▪ Build and test automation
▪ Continuous Everything
Value Engineering
▪ Agile Collaboration Tooling
▪ Agile Security▪ Agile Testing▪ Business Agility▪ DevOps▪ Professional Agile
Development
Data Intelligence
▪ Data Analytics▪ Data Engineering▪ Digital AI Operations▪ Artificial Intelligence
IT Architecture und Cloud
▪ Application Architecture
▪ Architectural Review▪ Cloud Computing
Digital Experience
▪ Digital Experience Analytics
▪ DE Engineering▪ DE Governance▪ DE Monitoring▪ Open DE Management
Enterprise Architecture Management
▪ EAM Assessment▪ EAM Business Case▪ AM Introduction▪ AM Operationalization▪ AM Tool Selection and
Introduction▪ T4IT Introduction
Business Process Management
▪ BPMS Selection▪ BPM Technology
Consulting▪ Enterprise Task
Management▪ Process automatization
Core competencies
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Application information
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Application’s business context
- Central backend component in connected car context- Connects user with vehicle- Enables use cases like “Open car via smartphone”- Enables B2B use cases like “Pay as you drive”
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• ~1.000.000 Requests / hour• ~230 kloc• Deployed in 3 geographics• Based on Java EE 6 - running on
WAS 8• Connected to backend systems via
• JMS• HTTP• SOAP• JDBC (DB2)
Application’s technical details
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WAS
Apps
DB2MQ
Client
Client
Client SOAP
JMS
REST
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Initial Situation
• Customers wants to • modernize their technical infrastructure• Deploy more often and faster as currently• Separate their applications by domains
• Example: how to Hotfix
Data Center
WAS
Apps
Cloud
MicroServices
Apps
Kick-off Future
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Local Operating System
WAS
Apps
Hosted CF / K8s
App(s)
Local Operating System
Local Operating System
Hosted CF / K8s
“Cloud Dev VM”PCF-DEV / Minikube
Future
MicroServices
High level migration path
Kick-off
WLP
App
WLP
App
WLP
App
WLP
App
WLP
App
WLP
App WLP
App
WLP
App
WLP
App
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Application
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Requirements
• Make the applications “cloud ready”. That means• runnable in container• scaleable• stateless
• Choose the path with the least risk• Enable online-migration / Zero-downtime
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Local Operating System
WAS
App
Cloud Platform
DockerContainer
WAS
App
Cloud Platform
Liberty Buildpack
WLP
App
Cloud Platform
Various Buildpacks
App‘ App‘
App‘ App‘
„WAS in container“
„Liberty Profile“
„Cloud Native reimplementation“
Initial ideas
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Local Operating System
WAS
App
Cloud Platform
DockerContainer
WAS
App
Cloud Platform
Liberty Buildpack
Liberty
App
Cloud Platform
Various Buildpacks
App‘ App‘
App‘ App‘
„WAS in container“
„Liberty Profile“
Cloud Native reimplementation
Initial ideas
• WAS only fits with limited capabilities into a container
• WAS Cluster not possible• Boot takes a long time• Not recommended by IBM
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Local Operating System
WAS
App
Cloud Platform
DockerContainer
WAS
App
Cloud Platform
Liberty Buildpack
LibertyApp
Cloud Platform
Various Buildpacks
App‘ App‘
App‘ App‘
„WAS in container“
„Liberty profile“
Cloud Native reimplementation
• Is desired target situation• Needs big rewriting effort• Assessed as to risky for online migration• Would mean two parallel development streams
until Go-Live
Initial ideas
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IBM Migration Tools● IBM provides 2 migration tools
○ IDE Plugin○ CLI Analyse
● https://developer.ibm.com/wasdev/docs/migration/
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> 8000 required changes
Exchange of JPA Providers
Surprising Results
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Java EE 6 or 7 ?
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JEE 6 vs. JEE 7 compatibility - Helpful matrix
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Initial ideas: unwanted effort by maintaining parallel branches
New “cloud” branch
“old” master branch Deployment Cloud
Deployment Legacy
Manual merging delta code
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Initial ideas: apply One Codebase - Many Deploys
“One and only” master branch
Deployment Cloud
Deployment Legacy
Various configurations
Delta code as usual
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Real Findings
• Apache Axis2 API not available• WebSphere WorkArea API/SPI not available• WebSphere Web Services Security API not available• Java API for RESTful Web Services (JAX-RS) needs to be v2.0 • No JNDI Lookups with “ejblocal” Prefix
• In general: WAS is more tolerant (also outside Java EE Specs)• For example: class with @Singleton and @Stateless annotations are accepted
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Lessons learned
• WAS is more tolerant than WLP -> code becomes more clean with WLP• IBM Tools helpful, but not always accurate - “sounds more bad than it actually is”• IBM Support helpful
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Platform
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Requirements and plan
• Operate “cloud-ready” applications in Kubernetes• Try migration local Minikube and use existing database and messaging
services• Migrate to owned and managed K8s
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Bring WLP on Cloud Platform
• App running on Liberty in local development environment• Local persistence and messaging services are wired into Minikube
Local Operating System
Liberty
App
Local Operating System
Liberty
App
Local cloud env
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Liberty
App
DB2
Client
MQ
Client
ClientSOAP
JMS
REST
Clean on Applications landscape
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Same host/network
App
DB2
ClientREST
Cloud Platform
Applications landscape with local cloud VM
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Deploy and wire where how ?
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Use Liberty to get app as “self-contained” deploy artifact
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Overall K8s’ing process
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WLP BaseImage
DerivedApp
Image
AppDeploymentDescriptor
Git EAR repo Container repo
K8s
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
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Base image in detail- Look for available base images- Choose base OS wisely- Do not use latest tags- Automate creation and push of your base
image- clarify licensing of used software
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WLP BaseImage
Git
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Prepare app container- Draft how to build the container as script- Write a pipeline-job according to your draft- Mind runtime dependencies- How and when will who migrate your
database ?
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AppImage
EAR repo
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Derived app image- Bring properties as environment variable- What’s to do on boot ?
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DerivedApp
Image
Container repo
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K8s deployment descriptor- Know platforms Ingress and Egress policies
!- Mind wiring database and messaging
services
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AppDeploymentDescriptor
Container repo
K8s
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Persistence
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Requirements
• Use a relational “cloud-native” database• Continue using JPA and Flyway• Needs to be at least as good as DB2 regarding
• Transactional DDL• Backup / Restore• Scaling• Maintenance• Monitoring / Analysis
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Persistence - Research and decision
• DBMS candidates were• MySQL• AzureSQL• PostgreSQL
• AzureSQL was selected
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Persistence - Data migration / GoLive
• Migration will be done when load is usually minimal
• Write-Lock on DB2 => App will fall into a controllable error state per request
• Solution candidate #1 “Offline”: migration via migrator-app
• Solution candidate #2 “Online”: linked databases
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App @ WAS
DB2
Non-Cloud
App @ WLP
AzureSQL
Cloud
Write lock
MigratorApp
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Lessons learned
• Switching the database system can be easier as expected. • See Novatec Blog “The Myth of Easily Changing the Database System Underneath a
Persistence Layer”
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Messaging
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Requirements
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• Use “Cloud native” communication services...• … but keep compatibility to non-cloud-native messaging applications
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Messaging - past
• Apps using synchronous and asynchronous messaging patterns amongst various technologies
• Application’s landscape needs to keep asynchronous messaging
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AppSOAP / REST / JMS Request
SOAP / REST / JMS Response App
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Messaging - Cloud
• JMS is not flexible enough• AMQP brokers with
JMS-interfaces possible with QPid.Could not be used due to incompatible JEE6 stack
• Introducing Async-REST:• REST Call includes Callback-URL• AMQP-broker transparent to
consumers
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App
Outbound REST Call incl. Callback-URL
acknowledge
REST Callback
acknowledge
App
Broker
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Lessons learned
• Used Async REST to clean up messaging technology stack• Async REST as transition step will be removed as the landscape will allow it • AMQP will be introduced as a replacement• Read more on Novatec blog “Why We Left JMS on the Ground”
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Security
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Requirements
- Needs to work- Integrate existing corporate Identity and Access Management
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IAM Integration past
- Apps were using corporate specific security stack
- Stack implementation changed throughout each deployment stage
- Human user SSO & Technical User non-interactive sign on
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AppSOAP / REST / JMS Request
SOAP / REST / JMS Response App
UserReg
Sec Sec
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Modernizing SecStack- Use JWT instead of basic auth and user reg- Create side-car-container to
- distinguish between interactive human login and non-interactive technical login
- connect to different corporate user registries- get the security config out of App container
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Lessons learned
• Understand corporate directories is not fun• Understand corporate directories policies is also not fun• Clarify early which certificates needs to be in app and security container
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Work in Progress & Lookout
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Local Operating System
WAS
Apps
Hosted CF / K8s
App(s)
Local Operating System
Local Operating System
Hosted CF / K8s
“Cloud Dev VM”PCF-DEV / Minikube
Future
MicroServices
High level migration path
Kick-off
WLP
App
WLP
App
WLP
App
WLP
App
WLP
App
WLP
App WLP
App
WLP
App
WLP
App
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Cross functional team
Skill sets:• Product Owner• JEE development (JSF/JPA)• AppServer administration (WAS/WLP)• Container/Cloud (docker/K8s)• CICD Pipelines• Security
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Typical tasks:• clarify migration options with stakeholders /
sell workarounds• Fix incompatibilities inside the application• Optimize app dependencies / WLP profile• Make configurations k8s-ready• Deploy/test on different environments• Automate build/deployment processes
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Monolith’s decomposition
• New functions are not implemented in monoliths• Instead we started using separating monoliths using Strangler Pattern
55Cloud Platform
Spring
„new“REST
Liberty
App
Cloud Platform
Liberty
App‘
Liberty
App‘
Nodejs
App‘
Spring
new
Ruby/Go/
Swift
MS‘
New devDecomposition
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