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WTE-MAC Wakeup Time Estimation MAC For Improving End-to-End Delay Performance In
WSN
Jae-Ho Lee, Kyeong Hur
and Doo-Seop Eom
MILCOM, 2011
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Outline
• Introductions• Related Works• Goals• WTE-MAC• Evaluations• Conclusions
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Introductions
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Introductions
• Duty Cycle
A
B
Wake up Sleep
Wake up Sleep Sleep
Wake up
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Introductions
• Duty Cycle– synchronous
A
B
Wake up Sleep
Wake up Sleep Sleep
Wake up
SYNC
Sleep Wake up
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Introductions
• Duty Cycle– asynchronous
A
B
Wake up Sleep
Wake up Sleep Sleep
Wake up
Idle listening
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Related Works
• B-MAC
A
B
Wake up Sleep
Wake up Sleep Sleep
Wake up
Joseph Polastre, Jason Hill, and David Culler. Versatile Low PowerMedia Access for Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of theSecond International Conference On Embedded Networked SensorSystems (SenSys 2004), pp. 95–107, November. 2004.
preamble
ACK
DATA
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Related Works
• X-MAC
A
B
Wake up Sleep
Wake up Sleep Sleep
Wake up
Michael Buettner, Gary V. Yee, Eric Anderson, and Richard Han. XMAC:A Short Preamble MAC Protocol for Duty-Cycled WirelessSensor Networks. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference onEmbedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys2006), pp. 307–320, 2006.
P
ACK
DATAP P P
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Goal
• Improve end-to-end delay in multi-hop topologies with low power consumption
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WTE-MAC
• SND: Synchronization at the Neighbor's Duty cycle• Virtual Tunnel Construction• Expanding SND into the multi-hop Environment
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WTE-MAC
• SND: Synchronization at the Neighbor's Duty cycle• Virtual Tunnel Construction• Expanding SND into the multi-hop Environment
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WTE-MAC
A
B
Sleep
Wake up Sleep Sleep
Wake up
P
ACK
DATAP P P
Sleep
Wake up
Wake up
Retransmission Interval (RI)
Retransmission Count (RC)
Duty cycle Duration (DD)
RC = 1 2 3 4
RI
Neighbor table
B Info.
.
...
R X
receive
Wake up time
Duty cycle period (DD)
, 1 , _( ( 1) )wakeup n recv n RI duty cycleE T RC T T
Early wakeup
P
ACK
Ewakeup,n+1
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WTE-MAC
• SND: Synchronization at the Neighbor's Duty cycle• Virtual Tunnel Construction• Expanding SND into the multi-hop Environment
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WTE-MAC
Event(infrequent/bursty)
Forward data
FT : Fixing topology
F
E D
C
B
A
Virtual Tunnel
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WTE-MAC
Event(infrequent/bursty)
Forward data
FT : Fixing topology
F
E D
C
B
A
Virtual Tunnel
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WTE-MAC
• SND: Synchronization at the Neighbor's Duty cycle• Virtual Tunnel Construction• Expanding SND into the multi-hop Environment
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WTE-MACA
B
Wake up Sleep
Wake up Sleep Sleep
Wake up
P
A
P PC
Wake up Sleep
P P
RC = 1 2 3
4 5
A
Sleep
CBA
Wake up
Wake up
Wake up
P
1
A P
1
A
Virtual Tunnel
Sleep
Sleep
SleepEnd-to-End Delay
without SNDEnd-to-End Delay
after SND
RI
Ewakeup,n+1
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WTE-MACA
B
Wake up Sleep
Wake up Sleep Sleep
Wake up
P
A
P PC
Wake up Sleep
P P
1 2 3
4 5
A
Sleep
CBA
Wake up
Wake up
Wake up
Virtual Tunnel
Sleep
Sleep
Sleep
RI
Sleep
Sleep Wake up
Wake up
Sleep
Sleep
Dack Dack Dack
, 1 , _( 1) ( 1)wakeup n recv n RI duty cycle ackE T RC T T N D
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Evaluation
Parameter Value
Duty Cycle period 1 second
RF Tx Rate 250kbps
Traffic Source VBR 100kbps
Average Packet Length 128Bytes
Initial Wakeup Time Rate 10% / Duty Cycle
Routing Algorithm AODV , Flooding
Power in state(Sleep/Wakeup) 0.4 / 8.7 (μA)
Power in mode(Tx/Rx) 28.9 / 15.2 (mA)
Communication Range 200 meter
CCA Effective Range 280 meter
Interference Range 680 meter
Default Simulation time 100,000 second
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Evaluation
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Evaluation
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Evaluation
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Evaluation
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Evaluation
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Evaluation
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Evaluation
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Conclusions
• The SND mechanism that is designed to reduce the delivery delay per link• The Virtual Tunnel that is created by expanding the SND into the multi-
hop can provide an enhanced performance of end-to-end delivery delay• It is energy efficient by decreasing unnecessary retransmissions.